Quantifying Mineral Dust Mass Budgets:Terminology
... wish to further subdivide this category. For example, decision makers could benefit from knowing which sources are manageable through short-timescale policy enforcement. To accommodate this need, modelers and observers might distinguish anthropogenic emissions expected to cease shortly after the ant ...
... wish to further subdivide this category. For example, decision makers could benefit from knowing which sources are manageable through short-timescale policy enforcement. To accommodate this need, modelers and observers might distinguish anthropogenic emissions expected to cease shortly after the ant ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... A. CLIMATE CHANGE AND INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION ................................................. 1 ...
... A. CLIMATE CHANGE AND INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION ................................................. 1 ...
Climate Change in Southern South America During the Last
... such as the Little Ice Age (LIA), from 380 to 50 calendar years before present (cal year BP, where 1950 = 0 cal year BP) (Matthews and Briffa 2005), and the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), between 950 and 750 cal year BP, have been identified in paleoclimate records throughout both hemispheres (Stin ...
... such as the Little Ice Age (LIA), from 380 to 50 calendar years before present (cal year BP, where 1950 = 0 cal year BP) (Matthews and Briffa 2005), and the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), between 950 and 750 cal year BP, have been identified in paleoclimate records throughout both hemispheres (Stin ...
Chapter 8: Cross-cutting issues
... are the aggregate impacts of direct and indirect losses to economic variables such as economic growth, consumption, inflation and investment rates (Hochrainer, 2007; Kousky, 2012). Climate disadvantage: Combination of social vulnerability and exposure to climate change hazards, resulting in heighten ...
... are the aggregate impacts of direct and indirect losses to economic variables such as economic growth, consumption, inflation and investment rates (Hochrainer, 2007; Kousky, 2012). Climate disadvantage: Combination of social vulnerability and exposure to climate change hazards, resulting in heighten ...
Phoenix Islands Protected Area Climate Change Vulnerability
... dateline, in the Central Pacific Ocean. Its land area is some 811 km2 spread across 3.6 million km2 of ocean. With human populations growing and testing the limits of island resources, climate change is now becoming the most pressing threat to the nation. With three primary concerns: (1) eventual re ...
... dateline, in the Central Pacific Ocean. Its land area is some 811 km2 spread across 3.6 million km2 of ocean. With human populations growing and testing the limits of island resources, climate change is now becoming the most pressing threat to the nation. With three primary concerns: (1) eventual re ...
Anchoring amid uncertainty - Personal Page: Prof. Dr. Jeroen van
... problem date from the seventies. Climate research, and especially climate modelling, has expanded enormously during the last few decades. Consequently, successive assessments have had to deal with new insights, theories and data. This history, and the prevalence of large scientific and epistemologic ...
... problem date from the seventies. Climate research, and especially climate modelling, has expanded enormously during the last few decades. Consequently, successive assessments have had to deal with new insights, theories and data. This history, and the prevalence of large scientific and epistemologic ...
Climate Change Adaptation Discussion Paper MS Word
... d. Delivers benefits under multiple futures. Again to respond to uncertainty, we will seek to deliver solutions that provide us benefits on a range of different potential futures. Our action should deliver benefits under a number of climate impacts, these might include, for example if it floods, or ...
... d. Delivers benefits under multiple futures. Again to respond to uncertainty, we will seek to deliver solutions that provide us benefits on a range of different potential futures. Our action should deliver benefits under a number of climate impacts, these might include, for example if it floods, or ...
Diplom/Master`s Thesis - Institute for the Study of Society and
... Travel scholarship for the Sixth Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Change Research Community in Bonn, Germany; Early Career Scientists Assembly/Advanced Studies Program, NCAR Travel scholarship for the Fourth Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Change Research Community in Ri ...
... Travel scholarship for the Sixth Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Change Research Community in Bonn, Germany; Early Career Scientists Assembly/Advanced Studies Program, NCAR Travel scholarship for the Fourth Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Change Research Community in Ri ...
Climate Change Law in Latin America
... The Regulatory Decree N. 7390 establishes specific mitigation targets for different economic sectors in Brazil concerning land-use change, energy, industrial processes and wastes, as well as agriculture. It calls for the adoption of sectoral mitigation and adaptation plans that include targets, acti ...
... The Regulatory Decree N. 7390 establishes specific mitigation targets for different economic sectors in Brazil concerning land-use change, energy, industrial processes and wastes, as well as agriculture. It calls for the adoption of sectoral mitigation and adaptation plans that include targets, acti ...
Scoping Study: Reviewing the Coverage of Economic Impacts in the
... While this initial study can only be considered indicative, especially as such a small body of literature exists, the review findings indicate that each of these categories could be very sizeable, and when combined, they would be of at least the same order of magnitude as the direct domestic effects ...
... While this initial study can only be considered indicative, especially as such a small body of literature exists, the review findings indicate that each of these categories could be very sizeable, and when combined, they would be of at least the same order of magnitude as the direct domestic effects ...
Expert Judgement, Meta-Analysis and Participatory Risk Analysis 1
... methods for expert judgement data have not been considered. Indeed, one might anticipate logical positivist arguments that evidence-based decision making should draw solely upon objective empirical data. It is often assumed that evidence-based decision making should be ‘objective’, but evidence nee ...
... methods for expert judgement data have not been considered. Indeed, one might anticipate logical positivist arguments that evidence-based decision making should draw solely upon objective empirical data. It is often assumed that evidence-based decision making should be ‘objective’, but evidence nee ...
Pension Fund Trustees and climate change: one Year on Discussion PaPer
... statement released by climate scientists attending the event explained that the upper range of sea level rise by 2100 could be about one metre, possibly more. The scientists are now suggesting that sea levels will rise twice as quickly as the UN predicted in 2007. The latest evidence feeding into th ...
... statement released by climate scientists attending the event explained that the upper range of sea level rise by 2100 could be about one metre, possibly more. The scientists are now suggesting that sea levels will rise twice as quickly as the UN predicted in 2007. The latest evidence feeding into th ...
Using the past to understand the future
... The Phanerozoic Eon can be divided into three intervals of ‘aragonite seas’ and two intervals of ‘calcite seas’ based on which mineral phase was predominant (Figure 22.2). ‘Aragonite I,’ ‘Calcite I’ and a portion of ‘Aragonite II’ are encompassed by Palaeozoic time (an interval of approximately 300 ...
... The Phanerozoic Eon can be divided into three intervals of ‘aragonite seas’ and two intervals of ‘calcite seas’ based on which mineral phase was predominant (Figure 22.2). ‘Aragonite I,’ ‘Calcite I’ and a portion of ‘Aragonite II’ are encompassed by Palaeozoic time (an interval of approximately 300 ...
Documentation of Research on Climate change and water
... The purpose of this paper is to identify and profile key research institutions in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) conducting research on the impact of climate change on water resources with the aim of creating a regional network on climate change, human health, water and food secur ...
... The purpose of this paper is to identify and profile key research institutions in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) conducting research on the impact of climate change on water resources with the aim of creating a regional network on climate change, human health, water and food secur ...
Forests and Climate Change
... international agreements, and the way forestry activity is monitored and reported; incorporate recent advances in the scientific understanding of forestry; include national and international initiatives on climate change and the role forests can play in mitigation and adaptation. ...
... international agreements, and the way forestry activity is monitored and reported; incorporate recent advances in the scientific understanding of forestry; include national and international initiatives on climate change and the role forests can play in mitigation and adaptation. ...
projected to rise another 3.5 to 9 F by as early as 2070
... Evidence from many laboratory, field, and numericalmodeling studies documents the sensitivity of the Bay’s physical, chemical, and biological processes to climaterelated forcings of atmospheric CO2 concentration, sea level, temperature, precipitation, and storm frequency and intensity. Scientists ha ...
... Evidence from many laboratory, field, and numericalmodeling studies documents the sensitivity of the Bay’s physical, chemical, and biological processes to climaterelated forcings of atmospheric CO2 concentration, sea level, temperature, precipitation, and storm frequency and intensity. Scientists ha ...
Chapter 3 – The cost-effective path to 2050
... by at least 80% on 1990 levels, covering all sectors including the UK share of international aviation and international shipping (IAS)5. This implies a level of per capita emissions in 2050, which if replicated globally, would be consistent with a path to limiting global temperature increase to arou ...
... by at least 80% on 1990 levels, covering all sectors including the UK share of international aviation and international shipping (IAS)5. This implies a level of per capita emissions in 2050, which if replicated globally, would be consistent with a path to limiting global temperature increase to arou ...
Monitoring and evaluating climate change adaptation and
... commitments. Donors contribute 30 per cent of Uganda’s budget, which also gives them a powerful role with regards to government policies, planning and budget allocation processes. 5. Generally, there is need to build capacity of government staff at all levels in the monitoring and evaluation for ad ...
... commitments. Donors contribute 30 per cent of Uganda’s budget, which also gives them a powerful role with regards to government policies, planning and budget allocation processes. 5. Generally, there is need to build capacity of government staff at all levels in the monitoring and evaluation for ad ...
Global Sources and Pathways of Mercury in the Context of Human
... 2.1. Anthropogenic Emissions Global mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources have been inventoried in many studies over the years [17,35–38], which have become more advanced with time by involving a larger number of sources and more robust inventory methodology. Recent studies also include futur ...
... 2.1. Anthropogenic Emissions Global mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources have been inventoried in many studies over the years [17,35–38], which have become more advanced with time by involving a larger number of sources and more robust inventory methodology. Recent studies also include futur ...
High-impact Sectors: the Challenge of Reporting on Climate Change
... air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level. (p. 2) most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations. It is likely that there ...
... air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level. (p. 2) most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations. It is likely that there ...
Crop response to elevated CO2 and world food supply A
... 1161-0301/$ – see front matter © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2006.10.002 ...
... 1161-0301/$ – see front matter © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2006.10.002 ...
CDP Climate Change 2015 - Coca
... embedded into our business-planning activities. Climate change presents a significant long-term risk. This includes the risk of rising energy costs, threats to our agricultural supply chain, availability of water to our production facilities and suppliers, carbon taxes. Adverse weather conditions co ...
... embedded into our business-planning activities. Climate change presents a significant long-term risk. This includes the risk of rising energy costs, threats to our agricultural supply chain, availability of water to our production facilities and suppliers, carbon taxes. Adverse weather conditions co ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""