Ruth Edgecombe Environmental Challenges Memorial Lecture for
... degree as is now physically possible. That probably means 1.5˚C as demanded by small island states, which face the prospect of being wiped off the map in the next few decades, and African countries which face the prospect of unprecedented famines. This is not a ‘safe’ target. It is what the global e ...
... degree as is now physically possible. That probably means 1.5˚C as demanded by small island states, which face the prospect of being wiped off the map in the next few decades, and African countries which face the prospect of unprecedented famines. This is not a ‘safe’ target. It is what the global e ...
Briefing - Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
... continue as temperatures rise further. Crops affected include staples such as wheat, maize and rice. Climate change is projected to increase price volatility for agricultural commodities, and reduce food quality. Farmers can adapt to some changes, but there is a limit to what can be managed. Adaptiv ...
... continue as temperatures rise further. Crops affected include staples such as wheat, maize and rice. Climate change is projected to increase price volatility for agricultural commodities, and reduce food quality. Farmers can adapt to some changes, but there is a limit to what can be managed. Adaptiv ...
Carbon Sequestration - Geophysical Laboratory
... Prospective areas in sedimentary basins where suitable saline formations, oil or gas fields, or coal beds may be found. Locations for storage in coal beds are only partly included. Prospectivity is a qualitative assessment of the likelihood that a suitable storage location is present in a given area ...
... Prospective areas in sedimentary basins where suitable saline formations, oil or gas fields, or coal beds may be found. Locations for storage in coal beds are only partly included. Prospectivity is a qualitative assessment of the likelihood that a suitable storage location is present in a given area ...
Document
... •There is evidence of historical trends of both increasing and decreasing precipitation in different parts of North America since 1900. The intensity of precipitation has increased for very heavy and extreme ...
... •There is evidence of historical trends of both increasing and decreasing precipitation in different parts of North America since 1900. The intensity of precipitation has increased for very heavy and extreme ...
gcc policy
... be concluded that the drug or toxin is having an effect. As a result, the scientific community has had a tendency to substantially underestimate rather than overestimate the potential effects of the rising concentrations of greenhouse gasses accumulating in the earth’s atmosphere. The factors we are ...
... be concluded that the drug or toxin is having an effect. As a result, the scientific community has had a tendency to substantially underestimate rather than overestimate the potential effects of the rising concentrations of greenhouse gasses accumulating in the earth’s atmosphere. The factors we are ...
Earth System Processes
... height. The thermosphere contains only 0.01% of the atmosphere and it is in this region that atmospheric gases are ionized by energetic and short ultraviolet solar radiation, so that it includes most of the ionosphere. The ionosphere is particularly important because it influences radiowave transmis ...
... height. The thermosphere contains only 0.01% of the atmosphere and it is in this region that atmospheric gases are ionized by energetic and short ultraviolet solar radiation, so that it includes most of the ionosphere. The ionosphere is particularly important because it influences radiowave transmis ...
The IPCC - hvonstorch.de
... The hurricane/damage story The Hohenkammer consensus • Analyses of long-term records of disaster losses indicate that societal change and economic development are the principal factors responsible for the documented increasing losses to date. • Because of issues related to data quality, the stochas ...
... The hurricane/damage story The Hohenkammer consensus • Analyses of long-term records of disaster losses indicate that societal change and economic development are the principal factors responsible for the documented increasing losses to date. • Because of issues related to data quality, the stochas ...
The Energy-Climate Challenge: Issues for the New U.S. Administration Development
... ones but declines gradually Because oil is critical lo the world’s economy, enormous over the century in both. reso~irceshave gone to its pursuit. Meunwlzile, iizvestiiieiit in alterizative energy sources, particulcii-ly Aggregate economic growth iiz the United States, has lagged. (reflecting the co ...
... ones but declines gradually Because oil is critical lo the world’s economy, enormous over the century in both. reso~irceshave gone to its pursuit. Meunwlzile, iizvestiiieiit in alterizative energy sources, particulcii-ly Aggregate economic growth iiz the United States, has lagged. (reflecting the co ...
The real holes in climate science
... Some aerosols, such as black carbon, absorb sunlight and produce a warming effect that might also inhibit rainfall. Other particles such as sulphates exert a cooling influence by reflecting sunlight. The net effect of aerosol pollution on global temperature is not well established. And various studi ...
... Some aerosols, such as black carbon, absorb sunlight and produce a warming effect that might also inhibit rainfall. Other particles such as sulphates exert a cooling influence by reflecting sunlight. The net effect of aerosol pollution on global temperature is not well established. And various studi ...
Global warming and the Arctic: a new world beyond the reach of the
... today, even with significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions over this century, while 63.1% of the United States of America will have non-analogue climatic conditions if moderate increases in emissions occur (Saxon et al., 2005). Climate change is a normal part of the Earth’s environment. If ...
... today, even with significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions over this century, while 63.1% of the United States of America will have non-analogue climatic conditions if moderate increases in emissions occur (Saxon et al., 2005). Climate change is a normal part of the Earth’s environment. If ...
The Futile Quest for Climate Control
... proceed to manufacture it. For many social mores, of which “stopping global warming” and “saving the Great Barrier Reef” are two iconic Australian examples, it has become a common practice for evidence to be manipulated in dishonest ways, under the justification of helping to achieve a worthy end. A ...
... proceed to manufacture it. For many social mores, of which “stopping global warming” and “saving the Great Barrier Reef” are two iconic Australian examples, it has become a common practice for evidence to be manipulated in dishonest ways, under the justification of helping to achieve a worthy end. A ...
Expansion of the Hadley cell under global warming
... been identified in observational analyses of the Walker circulation [Vecchi et al., 2005; Zhang and Song, 2006]. [4] However, it remains to be seen whether it also projects onto the zonally averaged part of the circulation. Analysis of the satellite observations indicates a poleward expansion of the ...
... been identified in observational analyses of the Walker circulation [Vecchi et al., 2005; Zhang and Song, 2006]. [4] However, it remains to be seen whether it also projects onto the zonally averaged part of the circulation. Analysis of the satellite observations indicates a poleward expansion of the ...
Civilization 30 yrs of Climate Part1
... • [Business as usual] will lead to 660 ppm, and hence mass extinctions the likes of which the Earth has not seen for tens of millions of years. • …Cumulative carbon emissions to date have already committed atmospheric carbon dioxide to remaining above 330 parts per million for at least the next thou ...
... • [Business as usual] will lead to 660 ppm, and hence mass extinctions the likes of which the Earth has not seen for tens of millions of years. • …Cumulative carbon emissions to date have already committed atmospheric carbon dioxide to remaining above 330 parts per million for at least the next thou ...
The irreversible momentum of clean energy
... that only a small number of advanced economies should be responsible for reducing GHG emissions and contributing to the fight against climate change. But nations agreed in Paris that all countries should put forward increasingly ambitious climate policies and be subject to consistent transparency an ...
... that only a small number of advanced economies should be responsible for reducing GHG emissions and contributing to the fight against climate change. But nations agreed in Paris that all countries should put forward increasingly ambitious climate policies and be subject to consistent transparency an ...
The impact of climate change on the global economy
... and infrastructure loss. The likes of Hurricane Sandy, which flooded much of New York, are prime examples of the economic damage such extreme weather events can cause. Rising sea levels will also likely harm economic output as businesses become impaired and people suffer damage to their homes. Whils ...
... and infrastructure loss. The likes of Hurricane Sandy, which flooded much of New York, are prime examples of the economic damage such extreme weather events can cause. Rising sea levels will also likely harm economic output as businesses become impaired and people suffer damage to their homes. Whils ...
FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/6 Page 1 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL
... The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangero ...
... The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangero ...
Technical/operational measures
... In a bit more detail… The new ship CO2 Design Index: -A formula that will enable ship designers and builders to design and construct ships of the future for maximum efficiency and, thus, minimum GHG emissions -A baseline will limit the level of emissions according to ...
... In a bit more detail… The new ship CO2 Design Index: -A formula that will enable ship designers and builders to design and construct ships of the future for maximum efficiency and, thus, minimum GHG emissions -A baseline will limit the level of emissions according to ...
The Futile Quest for Climate Control
... in Nature by Mann, Bradley and Hughes, which was used extensively in the IPCC 3rd Assessment Report but discarded from the 4th. An earlier problem of the same type surfaced during the preparation of the 2nd Assessment Report, when a reviewer of part of the draft requested that he be supplied with so ...
... in Nature by Mann, Bradley and Hughes, which was used extensively in the IPCC 3rd Assessment Report but discarded from the 4th. An earlier problem of the same type surfaced during the preparation of the 2nd Assessment Report, when a reviewer of part of the draft requested that he be supplied with so ...
Climate Change Unit Framework Enduring Understandings
... a. The overwhelming consensus of scientific studies on climate indicates that most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the latter part of the 20th century is very likely due to human activities, primarily from increases in greenhouse gas concentrations resulting from the bu ...
... a. The overwhelming consensus of scientific studies on climate indicates that most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the latter part of the 20th century is very likely due to human activities, primarily from increases in greenhouse gas concentrations resulting from the bu ...
Day 2, Resources
... changes have affected people; • climate data and predictions to determine how best to serve the needs of people now and prepare for future climate change. Information about a Warming Climate • The United State produces more greenhouse gases than any other country on Earth. • Computer-climate mode ...
... changes have affected people; • climate data and predictions to determine how best to serve the needs of people now and prepare for future climate change. Information about a Warming Climate • The United State produces more greenhouse gases than any other country on Earth. • Computer-climate mode ...
PDF - The Property and Environment Research Center
... sea levels due to climate change. As the city’s quality of life introducing costly legislation such as a carbon tax, which would declines, basic supply and demand logic predicts that both local raise the price of gasoline and electricity. housing demand and local labor supply will decline as people ...
... sea levels due to climate change. As the city’s quality of life introducing costly legislation such as a carbon tax, which would declines, basic supply and demand logic predicts that both local raise the price of gasoline and electricity. housing demand and local labor supply will decline as people ...
Slide 1 - University of Washington
... 16.4 MAF was considered a conservative estimate at the time of the Compact. However, the average annual flow over the 20th century has been only 15 MAF. ...
... 16.4 MAF was considered a conservative estimate at the time of the Compact. However, the average annual flow over the 20th century has been only 15 MAF. ...
... What other major recommendations does the report make? We addressed the problem that Washington has with managing climate change research. There’s some climate change science in the National Science Foundation, some in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, some in NASA— but it’s not a ...
Climate change: The Need to Consider g Human Forcings in Addition to h
... previous human history.” I’m confident too that none of my climate science colleagues would find anything to challenge in this statement. y p two different framings of climate change – g g open up the possibility p p p y And yet these two different provocations – of very different forms of public ...
... previous human history.” I’m confident too that none of my climate science colleagues would find anything to challenge in this statement. y p two different framings of climate change – g g open up the possibility p p p y And yet these two different provocations – of very different forms of public ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""