Holmes 2007 Human Security and Climate Change
... office is very closely associated as the Trust Fund for Human Security sits within OCHA. Human Security looks at the root causes of the vulnerabilities of individuals and the connections between environmental, development and population stresses that are often intensified by other threats like confl ...
... office is very closely associated as the Trust Fund for Human Security sits within OCHA. Human Security looks at the root causes of the vulnerabilities of individuals and the connections between environmental, development and population stresses that are often intensified by other threats like confl ...
related paper by Mann (PDF)
... feedback derives from the fact that water vapor is also a potent greenhouse gas, but its presence in the atmosphere is controlled by surface temperatures themselves through the control they have on relative humidity levels. Hence, a given initial amount of warming leads to even more warming because ...
... feedback derives from the fact that water vapor is also a potent greenhouse gas, but its presence in the atmosphere is controlled by surface temperatures themselves through the control they have on relative humidity levels. Hence, a given initial amount of warming leads to even more warming because ...
Document
... Chairs: Isabelle Proulx and Mark Redwood, IDRC In breakout groups, identify activities for future collaboration that may add value to teams and the initiative as a whole. In two groups, one will explore topics 1&2 and the other 3&4. Both groups will discuss topic #5. Following the discussion, each g ...
... Chairs: Isabelle Proulx and Mark Redwood, IDRC In breakout groups, identify activities for future collaboration that may add value to teams and the initiative as a whole. In two groups, one will explore topics 1&2 and the other 3&4. Both groups will discuss topic #5. Following the discussion, each g ...
critical remarks addressed to climate fanatics and climate sceptics
... 4. Most people (even in science) think that the present global warming is due to the increase in atmospheric CO2. The atmospheric CO2 has been continuously increasing since 1955 (from the start of observatory records), but the global temperature was decreasing for three decades before 1970, which me ...
... 4. Most people (even in science) think that the present global warming is due to the increase in atmospheric CO2. The atmospheric CO2 has been continuously increasing since 1955 (from the start of observatory records), but the global temperature was decreasing for three decades before 1970, which me ...
How warm days increase belief in global warming.
... global warming. The night before his testimony, committee members had opened the room’s windows and turned off the air conditioning, hoping the sweltering heat would underscore Hansen’s warnings and make the greenhouse effect concrete to anyone present1 . This intuition, that today’s temperature wou ...
... global warming. The night before his testimony, committee members had opened the room’s windows and turned off the air conditioning, hoping the sweltering heat would underscore Hansen’s warnings and make the greenhouse effect concrete to anyone present1 . This intuition, that today’s temperature wou ...
Emissions Pathways to Avoid Dangerous Climate Change A Trans Atlantic View
... of possible emission scenarios would lead to warming in excess of the 2° target within this century, the lower end would stabilize atmospheric concentrations at levels compatible with this target by the end of the century. Uncertainty in climate sensitivity and in the importance of forcing by other ...
... of possible emission scenarios would lead to warming in excess of the 2° target within this century, the lower end would stabilize atmospheric concentrations at levels compatible with this target by the end of the century. Uncertainty in climate sensitivity and in the importance of forcing by other ...
Stratospheric Temperature Trends
... • Discrepancies between models and obs need better explanations. • Observations (and reanalyses) for detecting changes are not ideal. • Progress has been slow. • Large uncertainties remain and need to be better quantified. • Lack of reference-quality observations a major problem. • Post-volcanic war ...
... • Discrepancies between models and obs need better explanations. • Observations (and reanalyses) for detecting changes are not ideal. • Progress has been slow. • Large uncertainties remain and need to be better quantified. • Lack of reference-quality observations a major problem. • Post-volcanic war ...
Tommy Shao Humanities 58` Global Issues Research Paper Dec 8
... of the planet with reflective films to bounce sunlight back into space; fertilizing the oceans with iron or other nutrients to enable plankton to absorb more carbon; and increasing cloud cover or the reflectivity of clouds that already form.” This is an example of a possible method to reducing as m ...
... of the planet with reflective films to bounce sunlight back into space; fertilizing the oceans with iron or other nutrients to enable plankton to absorb more carbon; and increasing cloud cover or the reflectivity of clouds that already form.” This is an example of a possible method to reducing as m ...
Climate Impacts on Arctic Lake Ecosystems
... of their high latitude location, these ecosystems experience extreme seasonal variations in incident solar radiation. Above the Arctic Circle, this translates into three months of continuous winter darkness and three months of continuous light in summer, which in turn give rise to high-amplitude flu ...
... of their high latitude location, these ecosystems experience extreme seasonal variations in incident solar radiation. Above the Arctic Circle, this translates into three months of continuous winter darkness and three months of continuous light in summer, which in turn give rise to high-amplitude flu ...
Climate vulnerability assessments
... Fostering climate change adaptation initiatives in the region Bridging the gap between climate change adaptation activities on national and regional level Capacity building in climate vulnerability assessments Results of climate risk/vulnerability analysis can be used for design of future RC ...
... Fostering climate change adaptation initiatives in the region Bridging the gap between climate change adaptation activities on national and regional level Capacity building in climate vulnerability assessments Results of climate risk/vulnerability analysis can be used for design of future RC ...
Read the winning essay - UK Environmental Law Association
... been the “highest form of political will, an expression of an intent to be bound, and an indication that others can act in reliance”17. This would have catalysed international institutions such as the World Bank to aid in reaching the targets.18 The message sent to private and public actors differs ...
... been the “highest form of political will, an expression of an intent to be bound, and an indication that others can act in reliance”17. This would have catalysed international institutions such as the World Bank to aid in reaching the targets.18 The message sent to private and public actors differs ...
Climate change and Sea-level rise
... Studies of climate change even suggest that humans began their impact on climate with the domestication of animals and early agriculture over the past 8,000 years.18 These activities occurred with the very dawn of our civilized communities They produced sufficient greenhouse gas to prevent the natur ...
... Studies of climate change even suggest that humans began their impact on climate with the domestication of animals and early agriculture over the past 8,000 years.18 These activities occurred with the very dawn of our civilized communities They produced sufficient greenhouse gas to prevent the natur ...
Climate change and its impacts: growing stress factors
... of rain-bearing systems diminishes. The possibility remains, however, that shortlived but very intense systems may increase in the future. At higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, increases in precipitation are simulated by the models, in response to the enhancement of the hydrological cycle ...
... of rain-bearing systems diminishes. The possibility remains, however, that shortlived but very intense systems may increase in the future. At higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, increases in precipitation are simulated by the models, in response to the enhancement of the hydrological cycle ...
IJRSP 42(6) 391-396
... activity effect on Earth’s climate has recently been examined by Mufty & Shah9. They have analyzed annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) (as representative or Earth’s climate parameter) in conjunction with annual mean SSN and geomagnetic indices aa (as representative of solar geomagnetic activit ...
... activity effect on Earth’s climate has recently been examined by Mufty & Shah9. They have analyzed annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) (as representative or Earth’s climate parameter) in conjunction with annual mean SSN and geomagnetic indices aa (as representative of solar geomagnetic activit ...
shipping impacts on climate
... loops, black carbon may be second only to carbon dioxide in terms of direct contribution to global warming,47,48 with a warming effect as much as 55 percent of that of carbon dioxide.49 In fact, 0.3-0.4°C of current global warming may be directly attributed to black carbon.50 Black carbon is not emi ...
... loops, black carbon may be second only to carbon dioxide in terms of direct contribution to global warming,47,48 with a warming effect as much as 55 percent of that of carbon dioxide.49 In fact, 0.3-0.4°C of current global warming may be directly attributed to black carbon.50 Black carbon is not emi ...
14 January 2013
... Institute (WRI) in Washington, D.C. The event drew more than 60 participants representing a range of constituencies from the region. The programme included briefings on important issues for UNEP, including post Rio+20 processes and UNEP’s Program of Work and Medium Term Strategy, as well as ample op ...
... Institute (WRI) in Washington, D.C. The event drew more than 60 participants representing a range of constituencies from the region. The programme included briefings on important issues for UNEP, including post Rio+20 processes and UNEP’s Program of Work and Medium Term Strategy, as well as ample op ...
enerbal show - World Resources Institute
... Least Developed Countries in particular? Rapidly industrialising countries would not have surplus under top-down allocation schemes Analytical grouping by emissions intensity (CO2 / GDP), ability to pay (GDP / pop), Human Dev Index? ...
... Least Developed Countries in particular? Rapidly industrialising countries would not have surplus under top-down allocation schemes Analytical grouping by emissions intensity (CO2 / GDP), ability to pay (GDP / pop), Human Dev Index? ...
Evolution of The Biosphere - University of Northern
... • Weather forecasting also uses atm. GCMs. ...
... • Weather forecasting also uses atm. GCMs. ...
PDF
... a prolonged sunspot minimum which lasted for seventy years since 1645, temperatures were significantly lower than average (Eddy, 1976). Another natural factor causing sudden temperature changes is volcanic eruption. During explosive volcanic eruptions large quantities of ash and sulfur gases are rel ...
... a prolonged sunspot minimum which lasted for seventy years since 1645, temperatures were significantly lower than average (Eddy, 1976). Another natural factor causing sudden temperature changes is volcanic eruption. During explosive volcanic eruptions large quantities of ash and sulfur gases are rel ...
Antarctic Temperature and Sea Ice Trends over the Last
... Polar regions contain important drivers of climate change. Once triggered, they may continue for centuries, long after greenhouse gas concentrations are stabilized, and cause irreversible impacts on ice sheets, global ocean circulation, and sea-level rise.” Climate models (GCMs) suggest that polar r ...
... Polar regions contain important drivers of climate change. Once triggered, they may continue for centuries, long after greenhouse gas concentrations are stabilized, and cause irreversible impacts on ice sheets, global ocean circulation, and sea-level rise.” Climate models (GCMs) suggest that polar r ...
Executive summary - Environmental Defense Fund
... state’s cap-and-trade program is designed to yield other benefits, too. Beginning in 2015, proceeds from the quarterly auctions of carbon allowances will be available for re-investment. This money, a total of $902 million budgeted through mid-2015, has gone into California’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction ...
... state’s cap-and-trade program is designed to yield other benefits, too. Beginning in 2015, proceeds from the quarterly auctions of carbon allowances will be available for re-investment. This money, a total of $902 million budgeted through mid-2015, has gone into California’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction ...
Assessing climate forcings of the Earth system for the past millennium
... [1] The effects of natural and anthropogenic forcings (solar activity, volcanism, atmospheric CO 2 concentration, deforestation) on climate changes are estimated with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity, CLIMBER2, for the past millennium. Simulated surface air temperatures for the Nort ...
... [1] The effects of natural and anthropogenic forcings (solar activity, volcanism, atmospheric CO 2 concentration, deforestation) on climate changes are estimated with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity, CLIMBER2, for the past millennium. Simulated surface air temperatures for the Nort ...
now - The City of Edinburgh Council
... important to note that weather and climate will be far from uniform, even within the relatively compact boundaries of Edinburgh. In fact there will be a wide variety of microclimates governed by factors such as altitude, topography, local vegetation cover and land uses. Edinburgh extends from sea le ...
... important to note that weather and climate will be far from uniform, even within the relatively compact boundaries of Edinburgh. In fact there will be a wide variety of microclimates governed by factors such as altitude, topography, local vegetation cover and land uses. Edinburgh extends from sea le ...
... socio-environmental problems in Mexico. This objective is accomplished by comparing the same scalar dimensions of two different problems: the first one is adaptation to climate change policies in Mexico, and the second is deforestation. This paper presents the main elements that have been discussed ...
article
... warming is caused by human activity. They explain the sources of scientific knowledge about climate change as well as the basis for the models scientists use to predict how the climate will behave in the future. Although they acknowledge the large degree of uncertainty that surrounds predictions of ...
... warming is caused by human activity. They explain the sources of scientific knowledge about climate change as well as the basis for the models scientists use to predict how the climate will behave in the future. Although they acknowledge the large degree of uncertainty that surrounds predictions of ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""