Tackling the Limits to Adaptation
... this century compared to pre-industrial levels.” This report continues to raise the alarm, and also suggests solutions. We cannot sit idly by and watch as the world moves closer to a world where we fear for our children’s futures, a 4°C world that “is incompatible with any reasonable characterizatio ...
... this century compared to pre-industrial levels.” This report continues to raise the alarm, and also suggests solutions. We cannot sit idly by and watch as the world moves closer to a world where we fear for our children’s futures, a 4°C world that “is incompatible with any reasonable characterizatio ...
2 Methods and Data - Santa Clara University
... precipitation variability constitutes a similar proportion of the variability as over the 20th ...
... precipitation variability constitutes a similar proportion of the variability as over the 20th ...
Defining the limits of physiological plasticity: how gene expression
... CSR facilitate its use within ocean change biology and conservation. Firstly, the mechanistic basis of the CSR has diverged little throughout evolutionary history and even taxonomically distant organisms respond to environmental stress by inducing a highly similar suite of genes [54,55]. This inhere ...
... CSR facilitate its use within ocean change biology and conservation. Firstly, the mechanistic basis of the CSR has diverged little throughout evolutionary history and even taxonomically distant organisms respond to environmental stress by inducing a highly similar suite of genes [54,55]. This inhere ...
Vulnerability of Infrastructure to Climate Variability: How Does This
... has increased over the past decades, so have the damages caused by extreme weather events. Since the decades of the 1950’s, the annual direct losses from natural catastrophes have increased from $3.9 billion to $40 billion a year by the 1990’s (IPCC 2001a). Of the annual total of $40 billion, approx ...
... has increased over the past decades, so have the damages caused by extreme weather events. Since the decades of the 1950’s, the annual direct losses from natural catastrophes have increased from $3.9 billion to $40 billion a year by the 1990’s (IPCC 2001a). Of the annual total of $40 billion, approx ...
Polish National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change
... EUR a year in the short term and tens of billions in the long term. Despite the differences in available estimates of costs at the global, EU and individual country level, the authors of analyses agree that the possible discontinuance of adaptation actions will result in even greater losses2. The ma ...
... EUR a year in the short term and tens of billions in the long term. Despite the differences in available estimates of costs at the global, EU and individual country level, the authors of analyses agree that the possible discontinuance of adaptation actions will result in even greater losses2. The ma ...
Trends and Changes in Extreme Weather Events
... climate change and its environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The first assessment report on climate change was completed by the IPCC in 1990. In its second assessment reports (three in all) published in 1996, the IPCC identified increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide ...
... climate change and its environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The first assessment report on climate change was completed by the IPCC in 1990. In its second assessment reports (three in all) published in 1996, the IPCC identified increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide ...
The Climate-Environment-Society Nexus in the
... The Pleistocene Over the past 1.65 million years, approximately corresponding to the Quaternary period, there have been some 17 glacial cycles, each lasting approximately 100 ka10 and it is the generally held view that glacials are arid and interglacials humid. However, determining the effects of Pl ...
... The Pleistocene Over the past 1.65 million years, approximately corresponding to the Quaternary period, there have been some 17 glacial cycles, each lasting approximately 100 ka10 and it is the generally held view that glacials are arid and interglacials humid. However, determining the effects of Pl ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 5 Coordinating Lead Authors
... storms related impacts and associated storm surges will be worsened by GMSL rise although uncertainty related to changes in tropical and mid-latitude cyclones at the regional scale will signify that there is low confidence in projections of storm surge change [5.3.3.2]. Both relative sea level rise ...
... storms related impacts and associated storm surges will be worsened by GMSL rise although uncertainty related to changes in tropical and mid-latitude cyclones at the regional scale will signify that there is low confidence in projections of storm surge change [5.3.3.2]. Both relative sea level rise ...
Basic physical mechanisms for monsoon failure in past and future
... rainfall after the surface land–sea thermal contrast has ceased. I frame this moisture–advection feedback in a minimal conceptual model and show that it leads to a threshold behaviour with respect to changes in the system’s energy budget. In particular, when either net radiation over land or specifi ...
... rainfall after the surface land–sea thermal contrast has ceased. I frame this moisture–advection feedback in a minimal conceptual model and show that it leads to a threshold behaviour with respect to changes in the system’s energy budget. In particular, when either net radiation over land or specifi ...
White Paper on the contribution of the GFCS to Agenda 2030
... communicable water-borne and vector-borne diseases, due to favorable conditions particularly triggered by climate variability, result in a huge cost to society and the economy. With respect to the Water goal (SDG 6), which aims at ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitat ...
... communicable water-borne and vector-borne diseases, due to favorable conditions particularly triggered by climate variability, result in a huge cost to society and the economy. With respect to the Water goal (SDG 6), which aims at ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitat ...
Full Report (PDF)
... condition and the nutrient content of food sources (Parsons et al. 2001). Dairy cows are particularly sensitive to heat and see a decrease in milk production when temperatures rise above 77°F (Lal, Alavalpati, & Mercer, 2011). Because of this, northeastern dairy farms are expected to see a decrease ...
... condition and the nutrient content of food sources (Parsons et al. 2001). Dairy cows are particularly sensitive to heat and see a decrease in milk production when temperatures rise above 77°F (Lal, Alavalpati, & Mercer, 2011). Because of this, northeastern dairy farms are expected to see a decrease ...
Phenology, biomass and community composition changes in European shrublands submitted to
... community composition changes in European shrublands submitted to experimental warming and drought” se ha desarrollado como parte del proyecto VULCAN (Vulnerabibilty assessment of shrubland ecosystems under climatic changes). VULCAN ha sido un proyecto de investigación llevado a cabo en seis ecosist ...
... community composition changes in European shrublands submitted to experimental warming and drought” se ha desarrollado como parte del proyecto VULCAN (Vulnerabibilty assessment of shrubland ecosystems under climatic changes). VULCAN ha sido un proyecto de investigación llevado a cabo en seis ecosist ...
Adaptation benefits and costs – measurement and
... of the current system of global climate governance. If, as an analytical exercise, one chooses to maximize the global benefits of emissions reductions, then two important first-order conditions that flow from this are: 1) the sum of the marginal damages avoided in each region (i.e., global damages)s ...
... of the current system of global climate governance. If, as an analytical exercise, one chooses to maximize the global benefits of emissions reductions, then two important first-order conditions that flow from this are: 1) the sum of the marginal damages avoided in each region (i.e., global damages)s ...
Melting icebergs boost sea-level rise” by Kate McAlpine
... The lay-out is simple, clear and direct, in fact the article develops in mid-page, and it has got a photo that illustrates an iceberg. The text is divided into two sequences each of which is divided into four microsequences. ...
... The lay-out is simple, clear and direct, in fact the article develops in mid-page, and it has got a photo that illustrates an iceberg. The text is divided into two sequences each of which is divided into four microsequences. ...
report - Berkeley Law - University of California, Berkeley
... human activities. 5 Other large anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide emissions include manufacturing, agricultural production, and land clearing. 6 These activities also emit methane, nitrous oxide, and other greenhouse gases. 7 Significant scientific evidence indicates that greenhouse gas emissi ...
... human activities. 5 Other large anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide emissions include manufacturing, agricultural production, and land clearing. 6 These activities also emit methane, nitrous oxide, and other greenhouse gases. 7 Significant scientific evidence indicates that greenhouse gas emissi ...
Soil Organic Carbon: the hidden potential
... EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the presence of climate change, land degradation and biodiversity loss, soils have become one of the most vulnerable resources in the world. Soils are a major carbon reservoir containing more carbon than the atmosphere and terrestrial vegetation combined. Soil organic carbon (S ...
... EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the presence of climate change, land degradation and biodiversity loss, soils have become one of the most vulnerable resources in the world. Soils are a major carbon reservoir containing more carbon than the atmosphere and terrestrial vegetation combined. Soil organic carbon (S ...
Vivid Economics
... In the intricate vocabulary of climate change policy the term “adaptation” is used to describe measures that deal with the consequences of climate change – the steps taken by coastal communities to protect themselves against rising sea levels, for example. Adaptation is contrasted to mitigation, tha ...
... In the intricate vocabulary of climate change policy the term “adaptation” is used to describe measures that deal with the consequences of climate change – the steps taken by coastal communities to protect themselves against rising sea levels, for example. Adaptation is contrasted to mitigation, tha ...
Perceptions and Awareness of Climate Change in Andros Island the
... The semi-structured survey instrument for this project was based on an earlier version designed by Sarah Wise and Amelia Moore. Additional assistance specific to questions about perceptions of climate change was provided by Dr. Kenny Broad. The instrument was six pages long, estimated to take approx ...
... The semi-structured survey instrument for this project was based on an earlier version designed by Sarah Wise and Amelia Moore. Additional assistance specific to questions about perceptions of climate change was provided by Dr. Kenny Broad. The instrument was six pages long, estimated to take approx ...
Low carbon resilient development and gender equality in the least
... equality and climate change – there is some evidence that gender-based violence is increasing in areas under greater climatic stress and this is an area that needs further investigation. Evidence shows that women are more likely to die than men in large-scale disasters or climate-related extreme eve ...
... equality and climate change – there is some evidence that gender-based violence is increasing in areas under greater climatic stress and this is an area that needs further investigation. Evidence shows that women are more likely to die than men in large-scale disasters or climate-related extreme eve ...
2014 DOE Climate Change Adaptation Plan
... Changes in the global climate system are unmistakable, as is now evident from observations of increased global average air and ocean temperatures, decreased historical snow pack, rising global average sea level, and more frequent severe weather events. 1 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recognize ...
... Changes in the global climate system are unmistakable, as is now evident from observations of increased global average air and ocean temperatures, decreased historical snow pack, rising global average sea level, and more frequent severe weather events. 1 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recognize ...
Omitted Damages What`s Missing from the Social Cost of Carbon.indd
... from health are relatively small compared the non-market damages because households place a high value on human life (Tol 2009; Jorgenson et al., 2004).9 In some of these market sectors, climate change is projected to create a net benefit in some countries for low-level temperature increases. For exa ...
... from health are relatively small compared the non-market damages because households place a high value on human life (Tol 2009; Jorgenson et al., 2004).9 In some of these market sectors, climate change is projected to create a net benefit in some countries for low-level temperature increases. For exa ...
the effects of climate stability on northern temperate forests
... In this Ph.D. study, I explored the influence of both the past and ongoing climate change on forest trees north of the tropics using large geospatial data sets. Phylogenetic structure of species assemblage and change of tree cover was analyzed. The results indicated the importance of climate stabili ...
... In this Ph.D. study, I explored the influence of both the past and ongoing climate change on forest trees north of the tropics using large geospatial data sets. Phylogenetic structure of species assemblage and change of tree cover was analyzed. The results indicated the importance of climate stabili ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... The construction and operation of developments, such as the proposed Project, cause GHG emissions. Operational phase GHG emissions result from energy use associated with heating, lighting and powering buildings (typically through natural gas and electricity consumption in Oakland), pumping and proce ...
... The construction and operation of developments, such as the proposed Project, cause GHG emissions. Operational phase GHG emissions result from energy use associated with heating, lighting and powering buildings (typically through natural gas and electricity consumption in Oakland), pumping and proce ...
Effects of a changing climate on peatlands in permafrost
... hydrology, and fire as potential climate change indicators that drive peatland carbon budgets. As well, remote sensing can be used to scale these indicators to estimate current and project future states of the HBL landscape and the strength of its carbon sink. We propose two hypotheses of potential ...
... hydrology, and fire as potential climate change indicators that drive peatland carbon budgets. As well, remote sensing can be used to scale these indicators to estimate current and project future states of the HBL landscape and the strength of its carbon sink. We propose two hypotheses of potential ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""