Consultation Questions - Aviation Environment Federation
... Question 1: Are the UK emissions inventory carbon figures from domestic and departing international flights a satisfactory indicator of the UK aviation carbon emissions? We support the use of this measure. It is based on the amount of aviation fuel taken on board in the UK, and is a simple and strai ...
... Question 1: Are the UK emissions inventory carbon figures from domestic and departing international flights a satisfactory indicator of the UK aviation carbon emissions? We support the use of this measure. It is based on the amount of aviation fuel taken on board in the UK, and is a simple and strai ...
Modelling Vegetation and the Carbon Cycle as Interactive Elements
... formulation of Wanninkhof (1992). Winds are obtained from the atmospheric model. The partial pressure of CO in the surface waters is determined by solving equations representing the sea water acid-base system. The expressions for the dissociation constants of carbonic acid, hydrogen carbonate, boric ...
... formulation of Wanninkhof (1992). Winds are obtained from the atmospheric model. The partial pressure of CO in the surface waters is determined by solving equations representing the sea water acid-base system. The expressions for the dissociation constants of carbonic acid, hydrogen carbonate, boric ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RISK MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE Howard Kunreuther Geoffrey Heal
... Consider the application of this idea to the example of the Florida community determining whether or not to permit construction of a residential facility on the coast. To determine the optimal choice when using the minimax regret model, one first selects possible amounts of storm surge plus sea leve ...
... Consider the application of this idea to the example of the Florida community determining whether or not to permit construction of a residential facility on the coast. To determine the optimal choice when using the minimax regret model, one first selects possible amounts of storm surge plus sea leve ...
The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth
... This document is the first in a series that will synthesize the most pertinent findings of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It serves as a basic primer explaining the process of compiling AR5 and its significance. This summary, the first in a series, was borne of the belief that busin ...
... This document is the first in a series that will synthesize the most pertinent findings of AR5 for specific economic and business sectors. It serves as a basic primer explaining the process of compiling AR5 and its significance. This summary, the first in a series, was borne of the belief that busin ...
Uncertainty and Discounting
... “Discounting the benefits of climate change mitigation: How much do uncertain rates increase valuation”, PEW center, valuation PEW center Economics technical series. Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger ...
... “Discounting the benefits of climate change mitigation: How much do uncertain rates increase valuation”, PEW center, valuation PEW center Economics technical series. Spring 09 – UC Berkeley – Traeger ...
Geography of the impacts of climate change
... In Central and Eastern Europe, summer precipitation is projected to decrease, causing higher water stress. Health risks due to heat waves are projected to increase; ...
... In Central and Eastern Europe, summer precipitation is projected to decrease, causing higher water stress. Health risks due to heat waves are projected to increase; ...
Shapiro-Geoengineering_why_and_next_steps
... for geoengineering the climate system, including research on intended and unintended environmental responses. • Coordinated study of historical, ethical, legal, and social implications of geoengineering that integrates international, interdisciplinary, and intergenerational issues and perspectives a ...
... for geoengineering the climate system, including research on intended and unintended environmental responses. • Coordinated study of historical, ethical, legal, and social implications of geoengineering that integrates international, interdisciplinary, and intergenerational issues and perspectives a ...
Protecting forests to mitigate global climate change
... Being affected by climate change, forests also play an important role in addressing climate change: by storing carbon they help to off-set the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Forest ecosystems contain the majority (approx. 60%) of the carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems2 and a ...
... Being affected by climate change, forests also play an important role in addressing climate change: by storing carbon they help to off-set the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Forest ecosystems contain the majority (approx. 60%) of the carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems2 and a ...
Radiative forcing - measured at Earth`s surface - corroborate
... average surface temperature increase of +0.82 (0.4) C is found between 1995 and 2002 at the eight stations, with an absolute humidity increase of +0.21 (0.1) g m3 or 4.4%. [6] During these eight years, longwave downward radiation (LDR) measurements show increases (Figure 2a) of about 5 to 8 Wm2 f ...
... average surface temperature increase of +0.82 (0.4) C is found between 1995 and 2002 at the eight stations, with an absolute humidity increase of +0.21 (0.1) g m3 or 4.4%. [6] During these eight years, longwave downward radiation (LDR) measurements show increases (Figure 2a) of about 5 to 8 Wm2 f ...
Climate change and sustainable water resources: placing the threat
... problem for this author is that many of the predictions of the simpler models seem to be generally more climatologically believable than those coming from the newer scientifically superior models. To take two examples, enhanced monsoonal rainfall in Southeast Asia and India might be expected from hi ...
... problem for this author is that many of the predictions of the simpler models seem to be generally more climatologically believable than those coming from the newer scientifically superior models. To take two examples, enhanced monsoonal rainfall in Southeast Asia and India might be expected from hi ...
RUTGERS MODEL UNITED NATIONS 2008
... and is committed to developing strategies to reduce the negative effects of tourism. There are a variety of contributors to climate change, the most significant being emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Global warming is mostly attributed to the industrial revolution in the late 1700s ...
... and is committed to developing strategies to reduce the negative effects of tourism. There are a variety of contributors to climate change, the most significant being emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Global warming is mostly attributed to the industrial revolution in the late 1700s ...
Oxfam 1 - Department of Agriculture
... Community Partners) ‐ and this might provide some mitigation or offset for emissions from an increased herd size. Any reliance on carbon sequestration by increased afforestation would have to be dependent upon evidence that the proposed plantings were indeed better than carbon neutral. There is addi ...
... Community Partners) ‐ and this might provide some mitigation or offset for emissions from an increased herd size. Any reliance on carbon sequestration by increased afforestation would have to be dependent upon evidence that the proposed plantings were indeed better than carbon neutral. There is addi ...
The Strategic Threat of Inevitable Climate Change
... interglacial periods.”16 Previous global warming in conjunction with ice ages occurred over much greater period of time, generally around 5000 years.17 In contrast, on its current trajectory global temperatures are predicted to increase between 1.1 and 6.4 ...
... interglacial periods.”16 Previous global warming in conjunction with ice ages occurred over much greater period of time, generally around 5000 years.17 In contrast, on its current trajectory global temperatures are predicted to increase between 1.1 and 6.4 ...
Global and Climate Change
... • Global CO2 emissions since 2000 have been higher than even the highest predictions • Arctic sea ice has been melting at rates much faster than predicted • Sea level rise has become more rapid • Feedbacks in the climate system might lead to much more rapid climate changes 11 June 11 2009, G8 countr ...
... • Global CO2 emissions since 2000 have been higher than even the highest predictions • Arctic sea ice has been melting at rates much faster than predicted • Sea level rise has become more rapid • Feedbacks in the climate system might lead to much more rapid climate changes 11 June 11 2009, G8 countr ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Emissions Trading in North America
... have already occurred in some areas. We do know that the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution. Carbon dioxide is up more than 30 percent, methane 100 percent, and nitrous oxide 15 percent.4 If we continue on our current path, gre ...
... have already occurred in some areas. We do know that the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution. Carbon dioxide is up more than 30 percent, methane 100 percent, and nitrous oxide 15 percent.4 If we continue on our current path, gre ...
The carbon cycle in a changing climate
... Sun and complex interactions within the Earth system. (See the article by Judith Lean, PHYSICS TODAY, June 2005, page 32.) In the past million years, Earth has cycled between cold glacial periods with low atmospheric CO2 concentrations (190 ppm) and warmer interglacial periods with higher atmospheri ...
... Sun and complex interactions within the Earth system. (See the article by Judith Lean, PHYSICS TODAY, June 2005, page 32.) In the past million years, Earth has cycled between cold glacial periods with low atmospheric CO2 concentrations (190 ppm) and warmer interglacial periods with higher atmospheri ...
The Denial of Global Warming
... temperature increase was the prospect of “polar amplification”—that warming would be greater, maybe a lot greater, at the poles. In their model, the poles warmed by 10°C to 12°C—a colossal amount.13 None of this was new. Professional climate modelers had already published papers that said pretty muc ...
... temperature increase was the prospect of “polar amplification”—that warming would be greater, maybe a lot greater, at the poles. In their model, the poles warmed by 10°C to 12°C—a colossal amount.13 None of this was new. Professional climate modelers had already published papers that said pretty muc ...
developing countries - Friends of the Earth
... change and to make the systemic transformation necessary to prevent worst-case catastrophes, halt global warming and heal the planet. We urge you to make it an explicit policy – as part of the Investment Framework and Results Management Framework -- that GCF funds will not be used directly or indire ...
... change and to make the systemic transformation necessary to prevent worst-case catastrophes, halt global warming and heal the planet. We urge you to make it an explicit policy – as part of the Investment Framework and Results Management Framework -- that GCF funds will not be used directly or indire ...
AUSTRALIA
... The SBSTA should also encourage parties to utilise and contribute to existing processes for disseminating research into measurement and estimation. For example, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Emissions Factor Database provides a centralised library, where users can upload and access e ...
... The SBSTA should also encourage parties to utilise and contribute to existing processes for disseminating research into measurement and estimation. For example, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Emissions Factor Database provides a centralised library, where users can upload and access e ...
PDF
... participates and the efficiency of the policies used to achieve reductions. We start by reporting the costs and consequences of climate stabilization assuming a so called “first-best” world, with full international participation, a perfect international carbon market including all GHGs and foresight ...
... participates and the efficiency of the policies used to achieve reductions. We start by reporting the costs and consequences of climate stabilization assuming a so called “first-best” world, with full international participation, a perfect international carbon market including all GHGs and foresight ...
impacts of present and future climate variability and change
... RAINFALL TRENDS - AFRICA Rainfall is one of the most important natural resources for many of mainland Africa's 48 nations African rainfall changed substantially over the last 60 years. In the semiarid and subhumid zones of West Africa, 15% to 40% lower rainfall during last 30 years (1968-97) than d ...
... RAINFALL TRENDS - AFRICA Rainfall is one of the most important natural resources for many of mainland Africa's 48 nations African rainfall changed substantially over the last 60 years. In the semiarid and subhumid zones of West Africa, 15% to 40% lower rainfall during last 30 years (1968-97) than d ...
- EdShare - University of Southampton
... Concepts and models are introduced that help us to understand fundamental aspects of the Earth's climate, such as global mean temperature, global-scale temperature differences, and what might cause these to vary on timescales of decades and longer. Particular emphasis will be placed on oceanic and c ...
... Concepts and models are introduced that help us to understand fundamental aspects of the Earth's climate, such as global mean temperature, global-scale temperature differences, and what might cause these to vary on timescales of decades and longer. Particular emphasis will be placed on oceanic and c ...
Corrupting the Climate? - European Capacity Building Initiative
... • PIU identified >100MtC by 2050 ...
... • PIU identified >100MtC by 2050 ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""