INTERREG IIIB ASTRA PROJECT Report on Generation, Use and
... nesting (dynamical) and regression based (statistical) downscaling. The latter is mainly based on empirical relationships between local-scale variables and their large scale predictors. These relationships can be based on a range of mathematical functions and fitting routines (cf. Wilby et al. 2002, ...
... nesting (dynamical) and regression based (statistical) downscaling. The latter is mainly based on empirical relationships between local-scale variables and their large scale predictors. These relationships can be based on a range of mathematical functions and fitting routines (cf. Wilby et al. 2002, ...
The EPA & Climate Change Responsibilities, challenges and opportunities 2011 Update
... and Australia and the current drought in east Africa. Whilst it is difficult to attribute any particular extreme event to climate change, climate change predictions and modelling from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate an increase in the frequency of such events. ...
... and Australia and the current drought in east Africa. Whilst it is difficult to attribute any particular extreme event to climate change, climate change predictions and modelling from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate an increase in the frequency of such events. ...
Folie 1
... transport and distribution should be CO2 taxed. Governments can make their decisions of climate regulations without being in the stranglehold of the finance ministers and large companies. Collected taxes above the certain average shall be given to the people who consumed less than they are allowed t ...
... transport and distribution should be CO2 taxed. Governments can make their decisions of climate regulations without being in the stranglehold of the finance ministers and large companies. Collected taxes above the certain average shall be given to the people who consumed less than they are allowed t ...
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... emissions from rice production in India. The cost of methane emissions has been internalized in the production process by taxing these emissions with carbon prices. Further, an iso-elastic supply function has been used to estimate the shift in supply of rice due to price internalization. A negative ...
... emissions from rice production in India. The cost of methane emissions has been internalized in the production process by taxing these emissions with carbon prices. Further, an iso-elastic supply function has been used to estimate the shift in supply of rice due to price internalization. A negative ...
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... assumption of the Ricardian Approach is that if growing rice is more profitable than growing wheat, and if the climate becomes more suitable for rice than wheat, then those farmers will adapt to the changed climate by drawing on the experiences of rice farmers elsewhere and switching from wheat to r ...
... assumption of the Ricardian Approach is that if growing rice is more profitable than growing wheat, and if the climate becomes more suitable for rice than wheat, then those farmers will adapt to the changed climate by drawing on the experiences of rice farmers elsewhere and switching from wheat to r ...
A Mitigation-Based Rationale for Incorporating a Climate Change
... greenhouse gas emissions and associated climate change impacts arising from the federal coal leasing program. Pursuant to the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA), the Mineral Leasing Act (MLA) and NEPA, BLM has a duty to analyze and implement mitigation measures for the adverse environmen ...
... greenhouse gas emissions and associated climate change impacts arising from the federal coal leasing program. Pursuant to the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA), the Mineral Leasing Act (MLA) and NEPA, BLM has a duty to analyze and implement mitigation measures for the adverse environmen ...
View/Open
... climate change on Indian agriculture in terms of crop yields and crop yields in the light of increased CO2 is discussed. The effect of climate change in India show differential impact in crop response in different states. The warming is more pronounced over land areas compared to sea, with the maxim ...
... climate change on Indian agriculture in terms of crop yields and crop yields in the light of increased CO2 is discussed. The effect of climate change in India show differential impact in crop response in different states. The warming is more pronounced over land areas compared to sea, with the maxim ...
Greenhouse gas emissions from shale gas and coal for electricity
... errors) have come under criticism in subsequent studies, yielding significantly different results and questioning their higher overall GHG implications.15,17 Howarth et al.13 also chose to use a GWP for methane of 33, rather than that of 25 as used by other studies; however, this has been corrected ...
... errors) have come under criticism in subsequent studies, yielding significantly different results and questioning their higher overall GHG implications.15,17 Howarth et al.13 also chose to use a GWP for methane of 33, rather than that of 25 as used by other studies; however, this has been corrected ...
viewed
... environmental thinking, and suggest framing climate change “as the result of too little clean economic development” rather than as a consequence of overdevelopment and over-industrialization. 4 Driven by the goal of achieving dominance in space within a fixed, short period of time, the Apollo Projec ...
... environmental thinking, and suggest framing climate change “as the result of too little clean economic development” rather than as a consequence of overdevelopment and over-industrialization. 4 Driven by the goal of achieving dominance in space within a fixed, short period of time, the Apollo Projec ...
April Cover.qxd - KNAW Research Portal
... for Limnology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Nieuwersluis, Netherlands © The Ecological Society of America ...
... for Limnology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Nieuwersluis, Netherlands © The Ecological Society of America ...
legal approaches to promote technological solutions to climate change
... environmental thinking, and suggest framing climate change “as the result of too little clean economic development” rather than as a consequence of overdevelopment and over-industrialization. 4 Driven by the goal of achieving dominance in space within a fixed, short period of time, the Apollo Projec ...
... environmental thinking, and suggest framing climate change “as the result of too little clean economic development” rather than as a consequence of overdevelopment and over-industrialization. 4 Driven by the goal of achieving dominance in space within a fixed, short period of time, the Apollo Projec ...
Overlooked Science Issues in Climate Change
... FIGURE SPM-2. Global-average radiative forcing (RF) estimates and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level o ...
... FIGURE SPM-2. Global-average radiative forcing (RF) estimates and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level o ...
Characterizing postindustrial changes in the ocean carbon cycle in
... ratio becomes higher (Ridgwell et al., 2007). Particulate organic carbon (POC) and CaCO3 are produced in the top 100 m with rates that depend on temperature. These particles sink through the water column at a fixed speed but are remineralized at rates that depend on temperature. The temperature depe ...
... ratio becomes higher (Ridgwell et al., 2007). Particulate organic carbon (POC) and CaCO3 are produced in the top 100 m with rates that depend on temperature. These particles sink through the water column at a fixed speed but are remineralized at rates that depend on temperature. The temperature depe ...
How does climate warming affect plant
... indicated that knowledge of the effects of climate warming on mutualistic interactions is still limited (Walther et al. 2002; Visser & Both 2005), and that the current interest in pollination interactions has not yet resulted in much empirical research on how climate warming may affect this ecosyste ...
... indicated that knowledge of the effects of climate warming on mutualistic interactions is still limited (Walther et al. 2002; Visser & Both 2005), and that the current interest in pollination interactions has not yet resulted in much empirical research on how climate warming may affect this ecosyste ...
Climate Change and Variability
... Sea ice is projected to shrink in both the Arctic and Antarctic, with projections that late-summer Arctic sea ice could disappear almost entirely by the end of the Century under some scenarios. The oceans are also expected to experience further acidification due to increasing carbon dioxide concentr ...
... Sea ice is projected to shrink in both the Arctic and Antarctic, with projections that late-summer Arctic sea ice could disappear almost entirely by the end of the Century under some scenarios. The oceans are also expected to experience further acidification due to increasing carbon dioxide concentr ...
TeCHnOLOGICAL PROGReSS WILL nOT
... a momentous deal, in which countries pledged, among other things, to cap emissions, and seek to limit temperature rises to 1.5C – below the 2C which most accept would be disastrous for the planet [Ref: Guardian]. However despite this, debate still rages about whether this is enough to combat climate ...
... a momentous deal, in which countries pledged, among other things, to cap emissions, and seek to limit temperature rises to 1.5C – below the 2C which most accept would be disastrous for the planet [Ref: Guardian]. However despite this, debate still rages about whether this is enough to combat climate ...
Extreme Weather Events and Disaster Preparedness
... Climate Change and Development Adapting by Reducing Vulnerability (CC DARE) supports sub-Saharan African countries to build the technical, analytical, and institutional capacity needed to integrate climate change risks and opportunities into national development planning and decision-making. UNEP – ...
... Climate Change and Development Adapting by Reducing Vulnerability (CC DARE) supports sub-Saharan African countries to build the technical, analytical, and institutional capacity needed to integrate climate change risks and opportunities into national development planning and decision-making. UNEP – ...
Climate change and human health: Indian context
... rainfall patterns, and a rise in sea level up to 0.59 metre by the year 2100. Extremes of weather resulting in excessive heat and cold events, and disasters are also projected. Melting of glaciers are likely to result in floods, cyclones and disasters. Thus, climate change is basically climate varia ...
... rainfall patterns, and a rise in sea level up to 0.59 metre by the year 2100. Extremes of weather resulting in excessive heat and cold events, and disasters are also projected. Melting of glaciers are likely to result in floods, cyclones and disasters. Thus, climate change is basically climate varia ...
Biological Impacts of Climate Change
... emission of carbon dioxide by combustion of coal following the advent of the Industrial Revolution (about 1750) would eventually warm the world (Weart 2003). Our contemporary climate represents the end of an interglacial period. For unknown reasons, glacial–interglacial cycling stopped about 10,000 ...
... emission of carbon dioxide by combustion of coal following the advent of the Industrial Revolution (about 1750) would eventually warm the world (Weart 2003). Our contemporary climate represents the end of an interglacial period. For unknown reasons, glacial–interglacial cycling stopped about 10,000 ...
Climate, Environment and Security in Sudan
... The Sudan Environmental Conservation Society (SECS) has developed a project called Water for Peace in villages in South Kordofan where competition over water resources is a key conflict issue. According to SECS, government service providers such as the Rural Water Corporation have limited capacity, ...
... The Sudan Environmental Conservation Society (SECS) has developed a project called Water for Peace in villages in South Kordofan where competition over water resources is a key conflict issue. According to SECS, government service providers such as the Rural Water Corporation have limited capacity, ...
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... strategies, finding that there is a positive WTP for carbon emissions reductions, highlighting preferences for reductions in the shorter term rather than in the longer term. In Spain, some preference studies for climate change mitigation programs have been conducted by Hoyos et al. (2009) and Hanema ...
... strategies, finding that there is a positive WTP for carbon emissions reductions, highlighting preferences for reductions in the shorter term rather than in the longer term. In Spain, some preference studies for climate change mitigation programs have been conducted by Hoyos et al. (2009) and Hanema ...
Climate Finance Regional Briefing
... Bank, 2014). Climate finance in the Latin American region is highly concentrated, with a few of the largest countries in the region such as Brazil and Mexico receiving a large share of the funding. Mitigation activities receive more than eight times that of adaptation at USD 2.4 billion and USD 0.3 ...
... Bank, 2014). Climate finance in the Latin American region is highly concentrated, with a few of the largest countries in the region such as Brazil and Mexico receiving a large share of the funding. Mitigation activities receive more than eight times that of adaptation at USD 2.4 billion and USD 0.3 ...
Limitations of integrated assessment models of climate change
... that future incomes and consumption should be discounted at the interest rate r (in contrast to utility, which is discounted at the rate ρ). That is, $Y at a time N years from now has a present value of only $Ye−rN for continuous time models, or $Y(1 + r)−N for annual calculations in discrete-time m ...
... that future incomes and consumption should be discounted at the interest rate r (in contrast to utility, which is discounted at the rate ρ). That is, $Y at a time N years from now has a present value of only $Ye−rN for continuous time models, or $Y(1 + r)−N for annual calculations in discrete-time m ...
Native Communities and Climate Change
... arth’s climate is rapidly changing in significant ways. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that the 21st century will experience accelerating rates of climate change, largely due to the build up of atmospheric CO2 and the accumulation of heat in the oceans. Among the IPCC’ ...
... arth’s climate is rapidly changing in significant ways. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that the 21st century will experience accelerating rates of climate change, largely due to the build up of atmospheric CO2 and the accumulation of heat in the oceans. Among the IPCC’ ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""