land use and climate changes and their impacts on runoff in the
... such as evapotranspiration, infiltration and runoff. Observational evidence indicates with high confidence that climate change effects hydrological systems (Rosenzweig et al., 2007). River discharge worldwide has noticeably increased since 1900, and studies suggest that land-use change may be directly ...
... such as evapotranspiration, infiltration and runoff. Observational evidence indicates with high confidence that climate change effects hydrological systems (Rosenzweig et al., 2007). River discharge worldwide has noticeably increased since 1900, and studies suggest that land-use change may be directly ...
The Economics of Climate Change in the Pacific
... limited agricultural land and high population densities, with their economic activities mostly concentrated on low-lying coastal areas. Rising sea level is thus projected to significantly impact their coastal cities and communities as well as damage infrastructure and human habitats. Moreover, over ...
... limited agricultural land and high population densities, with their economic activities mostly concentrated on low-lying coastal areas. Rising sea level is thus projected to significantly impact their coastal cities and communities as well as damage infrastructure and human habitats. Moreover, over ...
Process-based modelling of biogenic monoterpene emissions
... Abstract. Monoterpenes, primarily emitted by terrestrial vegetation, can influence atmospheric ozone chemistry, and can form precursors for secondary organic aerosol. The short-term emissions of monoterpenes have been well studied and understood, but their long-term variability, which is particularl ...
... Abstract. Monoterpenes, primarily emitted by terrestrial vegetation, can influence atmospheric ozone chemistry, and can form precursors for secondary organic aerosol. The short-term emissions of monoterpenes have been well studied and understood, but their long-term variability, which is particularl ...
The Macroeconomics of Climate Change Final Report, May 2013
... very broadest level. AD-IAMs model adaptation at a very high level and so they are only suitable for answering very broad questions about adaptation, such as the profile of adaptation spending over time and the interaction of adaptation and mitigation. Therefore the suitability of AD-IAMs to answer ...
... very broadest level. AD-IAMs model adaptation at a very high level and so they are only suitable for answering very broad questions about adaptation, such as the profile of adaptation spending over time and the interaction of adaptation and mitigation. Therefore the suitability of AD-IAMs to answer ...
climate mitigation in the least carbon emitting countries
... Development has entered a time where it cannot be thought of without reference to climate change. While historically development in the industrialized countries has to a great extent been driven by a fossil fuel based economy, this option is no longer seen as viable for developing countries, which a ...
... Development has entered a time where it cannot be thought of without reference to climate change. While historically development in the industrialized countries has to a great extent been driven by a fossil fuel based economy, this option is no longer seen as viable for developing countries, which a ...
Chapter 5 THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
... first time that it would support binding targets and timetables for greenhouse gas emissions. The United States was silent, however, on what specific levels it would support. Nonetheless, the public announcement gave a shot in the arm to the negotiations and offered the first promise that a meaningf ...
... first time that it would support binding targets and timetables for greenhouse gas emissions. The United States was silent, however, on what specific levels it would support. Nonetheless, the public announcement gave a shot in the arm to the negotiations and offered the first promise that a meaningf ...
... Aiguamolls de l’Empordà was the first natural protected area to be created in the Costa Brava and is the second most important wetland area in Catalonia, after the Ebro Delta. This thesis researched how key stakeholders experience, perceive and respond to changing climate, together with an analysis ...
Trends in Extreme Precipitation Events for the Northeastern United
... Impacts of Extreme Precipitation THE IMPACTS of heavy precipitation on ecosystems, agriculture, and infrastructure are particularly important for society. One of the most costly effects of extreme precipitation is flooding. During the 20th century, floods caused more loss of life and property damage ...
... Impacts of Extreme Precipitation THE IMPACTS of heavy precipitation on ecosystems, agriculture, and infrastructure are particularly important for society. One of the most costly effects of extreme precipitation is flooding. During the 20th century, floods caused more loss of life and property damage ...
Demand reduction is key
... • including the one-off releases from deforestation, each hectare of peatland drained for palm oil will emit between 3750 and 5400 tonnes over the next 25 years, according to Jack Rieley, a tropical peatlands specialist at the University of Nottingham, UK. Even if the palm oil is used as biofuel, a ...
... • including the one-off releases from deforestation, each hectare of peatland drained for palm oil will emit between 3750 and 5400 tonnes over the next 25 years, according to Jack Rieley, a tropical peatlands specialist at the University of Nottingham, UK. Even if the palm oil is used as biofuel, a ...
Update on Climate Geoengineering in Relation to the
... Climate change is increasingly becoming an important driver of biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services. The Paris Agreement, which strengthened international support for limiting global warming, will enter into force on November 2016 and is a positive step, especially from the point ...
... Climate change is increasingly becoming an important driver of biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem services. The Paris Agreement, which strengthened international support for limiting global warming, will enter into force on November 2016 and is a positive step, especially from the point ...
Climate Change and Natural Resources Conflicts in Africa
... Programme (ESP) of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), Nairobi Office. The climate change phenomenon is a global concern, which typically threatens the sustainability of the livelihoods of the majority of the population living in the developing countries. Africa, particularly the sub-Saharan r ...
... Programme (ESP) of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), Nairobi Office. The climate change phenomenon is a global concern, which typically threatens the sustainability of the livelihoods of the majority of the population living in the developing countries. Africa, particularly the sub-Saharan r ...
What are the next steps? - Environmental Law Institute
... Even if it is considered by some to be largely aspirational, the GLCC has contributed to promoting an important debate about the best alternatives available for transitioning to a sustainable low-carbon economy, while shielding the competitiveness of Mexican industries, and protecting the environmen ...
... Even if it is considered by some to be largely aspirational, the GLCC has contributed to promoting an important debate about the best alternatives available for transitioning to a sustainable low-carbon economy, while shielding the competitiveness of Mexican industries, and protecting the environmen ...
The Gap of Climate Adaptation Development of the Spatial Planning
... consider three interconnected pieces of the puzzle: the actors (not on. a static but often wide-ranging and dynamic set over time), the each stage. The barriers may impe context in whichseeming they act, and theis object uponbe which they act we heat larger tolerance). Those limits that can overcome ...
... consider three interconnected pieces of the puzzle: the actors (not on. a static but often wide-ranging and dynamic set over time), the each stage. The barriers may impe context in whichseeming they act, and theis object uponbe which they act we heat larger tolerance). Those limits that can overcome ...
greening soweto: calculating above
... 2007). Some of the organic compounds form structural tree tissues, whereas some CO2 is rereleased to the atmosphere through autotrophic respiration. Trees are perceived to be important net carbon sinks because they accumulate carbon in relatively long-lived tree biomass. A sink is any activity, mech ...
... 2007). Some of the organic compounds form structural tree tissues, whereas some CO2 is rereleased to the atmosphere through autotrophic respiration. Trees are perceived to be important net carbon sinks because they accumulate carbon in relatively long-lived tree biomass. A sink is any activity, mech ...
Coastal Councils and Planning for Climate Change
... constituents, particularly coastal communities. There is an increased realisation that failing to respond adequately to climate change may expose local councils to voter dismay and potential legal liability. However, it is often difficult for local councils to decide how to proceed in responding to ...
... constituents, particularly coastal communities. There is an increased realisation that failing to respond adequately to climate change may expose local councils to voter dismay and potential legal liability. However, it is often difficult for local councils to decide how to proceed in responding to ...
Response of ocean phytoplankton community structure to climate
... phytoplankton are lighter and sink less readily than diatoms, so they tend to be associated with higher surface recycling of inorganic nutrients and carbon and less efficient carbon transport to the deep. Any future changes in the relative contribution of these or other important phytoplankton types ...
... phytoplankton are lighter and sink less readily than diatoms, so they tend to be associated with higher surface recycling of inorganic nutrients and carbon and less efficient carbon transport to the deep. Any future changes in the relative contribution of these or other important phytoplankton types ...
Survival and population size of a resident bird species are declining
... 4. The most probable mechanism causing the decline in adult survival and population size is a decrease in the availability of their primary food resource, seeds in serotinous pine cones. Cone production has declined with increasing annual temperatures, and these cones appear to be prematurely openin ...
... 4. The most probable mechanism causing the decline in adult survival and population size is a decrease in the availability of their primary food resource, seeds in serotinous pine cones. Cone production has declined with increasing annual temperatures, and these cones appear to be prematurely openin ...
ENHANCEMENT OF OCEANIC UPTAKE OF CO2 BY MACRO-NUTRIENT FERTILISATION
... Increased biological production may also increase the sea-to-air flux of N2O, a potent long-life greenhouse gas. Using the modelled output, it was estimated that increased N2O production could reduce the effective efficiency of macro-nutrient fertilisation for greenhouse gas abatement by a maximum o ...
... Increased biological production may also increase the sea-to-air flux of N2O, a potent long-life greenhouse gas. Using the modelled output, it was estimated that increased N2O production could reduce the effective efficiency of macro-nutrient fertilisation for greenhouse gas abatement by a maximum o ...
Demographics and Climate Change: Future Trends And their Policy
... Compared to fertility and mortality decline, the third demographic variable of migration is far more difficult to predict, particularly where this involves movement across international borders. One problem is that over the last half of the 20th century, a number of countries in southern Europe and ...
... Compared to fertility and mortality decline, the third demographic variable of migration is far more difficult to predict, particularly where this involves movement across international borders. One problem is that over the last half of the 20th century, a number of countries in southern Europe and ...
Module: Introduction
... - to guarantee that this happens in an environmentally sustainable way, limiting the increase of temperature to below 2°C. OUR STRATEGY Consistent with this vision, Eni has established an integrated strategy to actively contribute to the energy transition based on three fundamental pillars: 1. to pr ...
... - to guarantee that this happens in an environmentally sustainable way, limiting the increase of temperature to below 2°C. OUR STRATEGY Consistent with this vision, Eni has established an integrated strategy to actively contribute to the energy transition based on three fundamental pillars: 1. to pr ...
Economic Modeling of Effects of Climate Change on the Forest
... natural systems are now beginning to emerge. Looking forward, the IPCC has concluded that average global temperature increases over the 21st century are expected to range from 1.8 to 4.0 degrees Celsius (IPCC 2007, Pew Center 2007). In North America, average temperature increases are projected to be ...
... natural systems are now beginning to emerge. Looking forward, the IPCC has concluded that average global temperature increases over the 21st century are expected to range from 1.8 to 4.0 degrees Celsius (IPCC 2007, Pew Center 2007). In North America, average temperature increases are projected to be ...
The Climate and Development Challenge for Latin America
... Activity costs for land-use (or AFOLU) pathways..................................................................90 ZNDD 2020/ZNLU 2030 + (plus) pathway................................................................................93 Agricultural emissions and the AFOLU+ pathway.................... ...
... Activity costs for land-use (or AFOLU) pathways..................................................................90 ZNDD 2020/ZNLU 2030 + (plus) pathway................................................................................93 Agricultural emissions and the AFOLU+ pathway.................... ...
98012
... SF6 has serious effects on the atmosphere. For example, one ton of SF6 equals 24,900 tons of carbon dioxide in terms of 100 year Global Warming Potential (GWP). Compounded, SF6 has an extremely long atmospheric lifetime (estimated between 800 to 10,000 years). As a result, SF6 is among the most pote ...
... SF6 has serious effects on the atmosphere. For example, one ton of SF6 equals 24,900 tons of carbon dioxide in terms of 100 year Global Warming Potential (GWP). Compounded, SF6 has an extremely long atmospheric lifetime (estimated between 800 to 10,000 years). As a result, SF6 is among the most pote ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""