Arctic Ecozone + highlights and key findings
... Wildlife pathogens and diseases in Canada: F.A. Leighton Trends in permafrost conditions and ecology in northern Canada: S. Smith Northern caribou population trends in Canada: A. Gunn, D. Russell, and J. Eamer Landbird trends in Canada, 1968–2006: C. Downes, P. Blancher, and B. Collins Trends in Can ...
... Wildlife pathogens and diseases in Canada: F.A. Leighton Trends in permafrost conditions and ecology in northern Canada: S. Smith Northern caribou population trends in Canada: A. Gunn, D. Russell, and J. Eamer Landbird trends in Canada, 1968–2006: C. Downes, P. Blancher, and B. Collins Trends in Can ...
PNNL-director-vist - Civil, Environmental and Architectural
... Increase in temperature with less uncertainty Decrease in streamflow with large uncertainty Uncertain about the summer rainfall (which forms a reasonable amount of flow) Unreliable on the sequence of wet/dry (which is key for system risk/reliability) ...
... Increase in temperature with less uncertainty Decrease in streamflow with large uncertainty Uncertain about the summer rainfall (which forms a reasonable amount of flow) Unreliable on the sequence of wet/dry (which is key for system risk/reliability) ...
California Getting Wetter to the North, Drier to the South: Natural
... In recent decades warmer climate has led to changes in the California hydrological cycle that influences state water supplies. These include the decreasing spring snowpack [9], earlier snowmelt runoff [10] and trends towards more precipitation falling as rain rather than snow [11]. These changes her ...
... In recent decades warmer climate has led to changes in the California hydrological cycle that influences state water supplies. These include the decreasing spring snowpack [9], earlier snowmelt runoff [10] and trends towards more precipitation falling as rain rather than snow [11]. These changes her ...
Air pollution and associated human mortality: the role of air pollutant
... 800 ppbv in 1860 to 1750 ppbv in 2000) not only give a direct radiative forcing of +0.42 W m−2 (calculated as in Ramaswamy et al., 2001), but also contribute to increasing O3 concentrations which indirectly changes climate (Shindell et al., 2009). To understand changes in surface O3 and PM2.5 over t ...
... 800 ppbv in 1860 to 1750 ppbv in 2000) not only give a direct radiative forcing of +0.42 W m−2 (calculated as in Ramaswamy et al., 2001), but also contribute to increasing O3 concentrations which indirectly changes climate (Shindell et al., 2009). To understand changes in surface O3 and PM2.5 over t ...
McREDD: How McKinsey `cost-curves` are distorting - REDD
... poorest forest users? The cost-curve as it stands is particularly poorly suited to showing the real costs of reducing deforestation and degradation caused by subsistence activities that are not part of the market economy. McKinsey claims that large amounts of emissions – 2 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2e – ...
... poorest forest users? The cost-curve as it stands is particularly poorly suited to showing the real costs of reducing deforestation and degradation caused by subsistence activities that are not part of the market economy. McKinsey claims that large amounts of emissions – 2 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2e – ...
The Climate of the Last Millennium
... Ice core deuterium (δD) records from Antarctica also indicate a general decline in temperature through the Holocene, with warmest conditions in the first few millennia (Ciais et al. 1992; Masson et al 2001). Studies of deuterium excess in four Antarctic ice cores show an overall increase through the ...
... Ice core deuterium (δD) records from Antarctica also indicate a general decline in temperature through the Holocene, with warmest conditions in the first few millennia (Ciais et al. 1992; Masson et al 2001). Studies of deuterium excess in four Antarctic ice cores show an overall increase through the ...
Climate Change Impacts and Responses in Bangladesh
... increased drainage congestion due to higher water levels, which will be exacerbated by other factors associated with climate change such as siltation of estuary branches in line with increased surface runoff, and higher riverbed levels. Higher temperatures will result in increased glacier melt, incr ...
... increased drainage congestion due to higher water levels, which will be exacerbated by other factors associated with climate change such as siltation of estuary branches in line with increased surface runoff, and higher riverbed levels. Higher temperatures will result in increased glacier melt, incr ...
Debating Climate Change David Weisbach
... tell us that we need to comply with these constraints: we do not need a theory of justice to tell us to get out of the way of a moving train. The second step, detailed in Chapter 3, focuses on the problems of trying to apply philosophical considerations to design climate change policy. Ethical consi ...
... tell us that we need to comply with these constraints: we do not need a theory of justice to tell us to get out of the way of a moving train. The second step, detailed in Chapter 3, focuses on the problems of trying to apply philosophical considerations to design climate change policy. Ethical consi ...
Study on impacts of climate change on European forests and
... Most experiments have shown that elevated CO2 concentration directly enhance growth of young trees or seedlings regardless of growth conditions, providing strong evidence to support the direct CO2 fertilization effect. When exposed for longer time periods, photosynthesis and biomass accumulation cou ...
... Most experiments have shown that elevated CO2 concentration directly enhance growth of young trees or seedlings regardless of growth conditions, providing strong evidence to support the direct CO2 fertilization effect. When exposed for longer time periods, photosynthesis and biomass accumulation cou ...
Adaptation behavior in the face of global climate change: Survey
... the U.S. could face annual costs of $123 billion by 2050 and up to $782 billion by 2100, with Florida accounting for 20% of these costs (Ackerman and Stanton, 2008). Titus et al., 2009 calculate that more than 80% of land below 1-m in Florida is developed or intermediate (places with existing low-de ...
... the U.S. could face annual costs of $123 billion by 2050 and up to $782 billion by 2100, with Florida accounting for 20% of these costs (Ackerman and Stanton, 2008). Titus et al., 2009 calculate that more than 80% of land below 1-m in Florida is developed or intermediate (places with existing low-de ...
Evolution of Marine Organisms under Climate Change
... adaptation potential for thermal tolerance through variable allele frequencies. In order to produce adaptive phenotypes, changes may be required in multiple combinations of alleles [36]. Allelic changes are embedded within genetic networks and hence, will not occur independently to other changes, si ...
... adaptation potential for thermal tolerance through variable allele frequencies. In order to produce adaptive phenotypes, changes may be required in multiple combinations of alleles [36]. Allelic changes are embedded within genetic networks and hence, will not occur independently to other changes, si ...
Climate change - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
... altitude with a temperature of, on average, -19°C, in balance with the net incoming solar radiation, whereas the Earth’s surface is kept at a much higher temperature of, on average, +14°C. An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to an increased infrared opacity of the atmosphere, ...
... altitude with a temperature of, on average, -19°C, in balance with the net incoming solar radiation, whereas the Earth’s surface is kept at a much higher temperature of, on average, +14°C. An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to an increased infrared opacity of the atmosphere, ...
Boiling Point: The Impact of Climate Change on Sea Turtles and the
... Since the beginning of the industrial revolution the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from human activities has resulted in atmospheric CO2 concentrations that have increased from approximately 280 to 385 parts per million (ppm). The atmospheric concentration of CO2 is now higher than experienced on ...
... Since the beginning of the industrial revolution the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) from human activities has resulted in atmospheric CO2 concentrations that have increased from approximately 280 to 385 parts per million (ppm). The atmospheric concentration of CO2 is now higher than experienced on ...
Cryosphere, Instability, Sea Level Rise Session 1
... Since the industrial revolution, the natural cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and other greenhouse gases have been strongly unbalanced by human activities. For CO2, this has led to carbon sinks in land and ocean systems which together absorb more than half of anthropogenic emissions, represen ...
... Since the industrial revolution, the natural cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and other greenhouse gases have been strongly unbalanced by human activities. For CO2, this has led to carbon sinks in land and ocean systems which together absorb more than half of anthropogenic emissions, represen ...
crTanzania - University of York File Library
... coffee and cotton. However, according to Tanzania Initial National Communication (2003), the two cash crops are projected to experience increases in yield. The agriculture sector thus may have both negative and positive impacts. Climate change is expected to further shrink the rangelands which are i ...
... coffee and cotton. However, according to Tanzania Initial National Communication (2003), the two cash crops are projected to experience increases in yield. The agriculture sector thus may have both negative and positive impacts. Climate change is expected to further shrink the rangelands which are i ...
Recent and future warm extreme events and high
... 5 Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA 6 Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA 7 US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center—Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK, USA 2 Department ...
... 5 Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA 6 Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA 7 US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center—Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK, USA 2 Department ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 Mitigation of Climate Change
... Reaching 450ppm CO2eq entails consumption losses of 1.7% (1%-4%) by 2030, 3.4% (2% to 6%) by 2050 and 4.8% (3%-11%) by 2100 relative to baseline (which grows between 300% to 900% over the course of the century). ...
... Reaching 450ppm CO2eq entails consumption losses of 1.7% (1%-4%) by 2030, 3.4% (2% to 6%) by 2050 and 4.8% (3%-11%) by 2100 relative to baseline (which grows between 300% to 900% over the course of the century). ...
West Lothian Council Climate Change Strategy 2015-2020
... In 2013 the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), the greenhouse gas that drives climate change, exceeded 400 parts per million in the earth’s atmosphere for the first time in recorded history and in March 2015 that level was recorded as the average for the entire month. Human activity has caused C ...
... In 2013 the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), the greenhouse gas that drives climate change, exceeded 400 parts per million in the earth’s atmosphere for the first time in recorded history and in March 2015 that level was recorded as the average for the entire month. Human activity has caused C ...
Strategies for Climate Change and Impression
... The second topic addressed in the literature concerns the disclosure of information on climate performance. Faced with increasing pressures from stakeholders, companies are called to develop performance indicators and to disclose information on climate performance in order to legitimize their indust ...
... The second topic addressed in the literature concerns the disclosure of information on climate performance. Faced with increasing pressures from stakeholders, companies are called to develop performance indicators and to disclose information on climate performance in order to legitimize their indust ...
Aqua Introductory Research Essay 2016:3
... species, and this has been referred to as a composition shift (Ohlberger, 2013). Moreover, stage-specific thermal optima can alter the age-structure and hence the mean size of a population, if for instance temperature induces a disproportional increase in mortality on older and larger individuals ( ...
... species, and this has been referred to as a composition shift (Ohlberger, 2013). Moreover, stage-specific thermal optima can alter the age-structure and hence the mean size of a population, if for instance temperature induces a disproportional increase in mortality on older and larger individuals ( ...
Predicting the effects of climate change on water yield and forest
... the accumulation of growing-degree-days (sum of daily mean temperatures above O°C, beginning 1 January each year). Two new input variables (GDDFolStart and GDDFolEnd) define the growing-degree-day sums at which foliar growth begins and ends. BudC is transferred to new foliage production as a linear ...
... the accumulation of growing-degree-days (sum of daily mean temperatures above O°C, beginning 1 January each year). Two new input variables (GDDFolStart and GDDFolEnd) define the growing-degree-day sums at which foliar growth begins and ends. BudC is transferred to new foliage production as a linear ...
PDF
... of climate change. In particular, it is not clear at this stage how much change will occur, its precise nature, or the timing of any specific change. Climate models reflect this lack of knowledge because simulations can yield very divergent, even contradictory results. Despite the uncertainty, and l ...
... of climate change. In particular, it is not clear at this stage how much change will occur, its precise nature, or the timing of any specific change. Climate models reflect this lack of knowledge because simulations can yield very divergent, even contradictory results. Despite the uncertainty, and l ...
Climate Change: Implementation of the
... France: +1 France has fully complied with its commitment to implement all of the provisions of the Copenhagen Accord by taking significant legislative and funding actions on both adaptation and mitigation strategies. France has implemented a verifiable system for measuring and reporting greenhouse g ...
... France: +1 France has fully complied with its commitment to implement all of the provisions of the Copenhagen Accord by taking significant legislative and funding actions on both adaptation and mitigation strategies. France has implemented a verifiable system for measuring and reporting greenhouse g ...
Unravelling the loss of soil carbon - non
... twice as much carbon as the atmosphere and about three times the carbon stored in vegetation. In the soil, C is a major component of organic matter (OM) and is also found in inorganic form as bicarbonates (HCO3-) and carbonates (CO32-), derived from weathering of rocks. Other forms include particula ...
... twice as much carbon as the atmosphere and about three times the carbon stored in vegetation. In the soil, C is a major component of organic matter (OM) and is also found in inorganic form as bicarbonates (HCO3-) and carbonates (CO32-), derived from weathering of rocks. Other forms include particula ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""