The terrestrial carbon cycle on the regional and global scale
... increased from about 190-280 ppm in pre-industrial times up to about 380 ppm today (Denman et al., 2007). The increase comes primarily from fossil fuel burning for energy generation, industrial processes such as cement production, and land-use changes such as deforestation. Substantial reductions in ...
... increased from about 190-280 ppm in pre-industrial times up to about 380 ppm today (Denman et al., 2007). The increase comes primarily from fossil fuel burning for energy generation, industrial processes such as cement production, and land-use changes such as deforestation. Substantial reductions in ...
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... framework. This is in sharp contrast to the …ndings of much of the existing IEA literature which concludes that only very small coalitions are stable (see for example, Barrett, 1994 and 2003; Diamantoudi and Sartzetakis, 2006). This paper provides a more positive result by illustrating that if the c ...
... framework. This is in sharp contrast to the …ndings of much of the existing IEA literature which concludes that only very small coalitions are stable (see for example, Barrett, 1994 and 2003; Diamantoudi and Sartzetakis, 2006). This paper provides a more positive result by illustrating that if the c ...
Fear Won`t Do It - Center for Science and Technology Policy Research
... movie The Day After Tomorrow (Emmerich, 2004), with survey themes followed up a month later with focus groups. They found that although the majority of participants (67%) in the post-test agreed that “everybody has to do something” about climate change, this sense of urgency had substantially dimini ...
... movie The Day After Tomorrow (Emmerich, 2004), with survey themes followed up a month later with focus groups. They found that although the majority of participants (67%) in the post-test agreed that “everybody has to do something” about climate change, this sense of urgency had substantially dimini ...
Africa Talks Climate
... The stark impacts of changing rainfall patterns on Africa are manifest. A more powerful hydrological cycle will bring other challenges, including flooding. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) says that “by the 2080s, many millions more people than today are projected to experience f ...
... The stark impacts of changing rainfall patterns on Africa are manifest. A more powerful hydrological cycle will bring other challenges, including flooding. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) says that “by the 2080s, many millions more people than today are projected to experience f ...
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... comprehensively assess transportation vulnerabilities and prepare for the unavoidable impacts of climate change. Recent studies indicate that climate change planning efforts conducted by governments thus far have overwhelmingly focused on mitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission ...
... comprehensively assess transportation vulnerabilities and prepare for the unavoidable impacts of climate change. Recent studies indicate that climate change planning efforts conducted by governments thus far have overwhelmingly focused on mitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission ...
Multiple Effects of Changes in Arctic Snow Cover
... ice. Many late-lying and semi-permanent snowbanks will shrink or disappear from the Arctic landscape. Snow storage on glaciers will change with negative consequences for their mass balance (Sharp et al. 2011). The loss of snowbeds will lead to the demise of many patchy wetlands and the deterioration ...
... ice. Many late-lying and semi-permanent snowbanks will shrink or disappear from the Arctic landscape. Snow storage on glaciers will change with negative consequences for their mass balance (Sharp et al. 2011). The loss of snowbeds will lead to the demise of many patchy wetlands and the deterioration ...
Geographic disparities and moral hazards in the predicted impacts
... the magnitude and direction of the impacts of climate change makes it challenging but important to develop global indices of regional vulnerability to climate change (Dyson, 2005). Niche modelling is an increasingly common approach used by ecologists to predict species responses to climate change (P ...
... the magnitude and direction of the impacts of climate change makes it challenging but important to develop global indices of regional vulnerability to climate change (Dyson, 2005). Niche modelling is an increasingly common approach used by ecologists to predict species responses to climate change (P ...
Upper bounds on twenty-first-century Antarctic ice loss assessed
... robust upper bounds that may be compared to those generated by SEMs require accounting for the likelihoods of many possible changes in ice-sheet dynamics8,10 . Furthermore, although SEM and EIS upper-bound projections are in rough agreement, less attention has been paid to their contrasting physical ...
... robust upper bounds that may be compared to those generated by SEMs require accounting for the likelihoods of many possible changes in ice-sheet dynamics8,10 . Furthermore, although SEM and EIS upper-bound projections are in rough agreement, less attention has been paid to their contrasting physical ...
2.2 Climate Change Impacts in Ghana
... through: (i) rising temperatures, (ii) declining rainfall totals and increased variability, (iii) rising sea levels and (iv) high incidence of weather extremes and disasters. The average annual temperature has increased 1°C in the last 30 years. Based on this data, the Minia et al. (2004) estimate t ...
... through: (i) rising temperatures, (ii) declining rainfall totals and increased variability, (iii) rising sea levels and (iv) high incidence of weather extremes and disasters. The average annual temperature has increased 1°C in the last 30 years. Based on this data, the Minia et al. (2004) estimate t ...
Disaster risk reduction or climate change adaptation: Are we
... terms see Kennedy et al., 2008). Additionally, disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies and strategies are well established within the international development community (Lewis, 1999; Wisner et al., 2004). These are utilised at the grassroots level to address all forms of hazards. This suggests that ...
... terms see Kennedy et al., 2008). Additionally, disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies and strategies are well established within the international development community (Lewis, 1999; Wisner et al., 2004). These are utilised at the grassroots level to address all forms of hazards. This suggests that ...
Progress in Physical Geography
... et al., 2001). Climate change has become one of the major public concerns (Soon and Baliunas, 2003) and, with this, there is the potential redistribution of surface water resources on the earth (Waggoner, 1990). Since 1900, temperatures in the western USA have risen by 1–3°C (US Global Change Resear ...
... et al., 2001). Climate change has become one of the major public concerns (Soon and Baliunas, 2003) and, with this, there is the potential redistribution of surface water resources on the earth (Waggoner, 1990). Since 1900, temperatures in the western USA have risen by 1–3°C (US Global Change Resear ...
here - Urgenda
... Agency (EPA) in 2009 decided to classify CO2 as an ‘air pollutant’ under the Clean Air Act,6 a decision that was unsuccessfully challenged before the United States Supreme Court by the fossil fuel industry. According to the EPA, the science of climate change shows that CO2 and other greenhouse gases ...
... Agency (EPA) in 2009 decided to classify CO2 as an ‘air pollutant’ under the Clean Air Act,6 a decision that was unsuccessfully challenged before the United States Supreme Court by the fossil fuel industry. According to the EPA, the science of climate change shows that CO2 and other greenhouse gases ...
Review Arctic marine mammal population status, sea ice habitat loss
... for walrus were available in several areas; however, some estimates represented only a portion of a subpopulation and the discreteness of some subpopulations was uncertain. Trend data suggested harp seal abundance increased, whereas hooded seal abundance was stable or declined. Of the 19 subpopulati ...
... for walrus were available in several areas; however, some estimates represented only a portion of a subpopulation and the discreteness of some subpopulations was uncertain. Trend data suggested harp seal abundance increased, whereas hooded seal abundance was stable or declined. Of the 19 subpopulati ...
The impact of climate variation and disturbances
... foliage and roots were left on and in the forest floor, respectively (Takagi et al., 2009). In the model, live biomass of foliage, stems, and roots is reduced to zero by clear-cutting, and residues are treated as carbon in litter compartments that are moved from the live biomass. Therefore, 55 % of ...
... foliage and roots were left on and in the forest floor, respectively (Takagi et al., 2009). In the model, live biomass of foliage, stems, and roots is reduced to zero by clear-cutting, and residues are treated as carbon in litter compartments that are moved from the live biomass. Therefore, 55 % of ...
- AMQ
... and can disclose significant information on past environmental conditions. The pattern and extent of body size change in Quaternary land mammals has often been connected to climatic change (Tchernov, 1968; Davis, 1977, 1981; Klein, 1986). Quaternary is actually characterized by particularly unstable ...
... and can disclose significant information on past environmental conditions. The pattern and extent of body size change in Quaternary land mammals has often been connected to climatic change (Tchernov, 1968; Davis, 1977, 1981; Klein, 1986). Quaternary is actually characterized by particularly unstable ...
National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) – Looking through
... incredible livelihood difficulties due to climate change. Thus it is an important criterion to assess how much support the vulnerable agrarian workforce is receiving (training, credits, relocation etc) that is being acknowledged in the NAPA. ...
... incredible livelihood difficulties due to climate change. Thus it is an important criterion to assess how much support the vulnerable agrarian workforce is receiving (training, credits, relocation etc) that is being acknowledged in the NAPA. ...
Hydroclimatic Variability and Predictability: A Survey of Recent
... on the Walker circulation. Indeed, the second topic noted above (the idea that hydroclimatic variability is changing with time) is now largely being addressed through sensitivity studies using such climate models. With climate models, one can artificially modify the concentration of CO2 in the atmos ...
... on the Walker circulation. Indeed, the second topic noted above (the idea that hydroclimatic variability is changing with time) is now largely being addressed through sensitivity studies using such climate models. With climate models, one can artificially modify the concentration of CO2 in the atmos ...
Framing Global Catastrophic Risk – Recent and Future Research 1
... economies to adapt to an environmental friendly policy, because the damage of catastrophic climate change would be more expensive in the long-run. Permafrost carbon According to Schuur et al. (2015), there is large amount of organic carbon in the arctic permafrost, namely in form of dioxide and meth ...
... economies to adapt to an environmental friendly policy, because the damage of catastrophic climate change would be more expensive in the long-run. Permafrost carbon According to Schuur et al. (2015), there is large amount of organic carbon in the arctic permafrost, namely in form of dioxide and meth ...
a critical look at “the moral case for fossil fuels”
... costs and risks associated with continued dependence on fossil fuels are so great that it makes sense now to shift to a cleaner energy supply. Indeed, many people, including most environmentalists, would immediately acknowledge that fossil energy has been a powerful engine of economic growth. The qu ...
... costs and risks associated with continued dependence on fossil fuels are so great that it makes sense now to shift to a cleaner energy supply. Indeed, many people, including most environmentalists, would immediately acknowledge that fossil energy has been a powerful engine of economic growth. The qu ...
The Karakoram Anomaly? Glacier Expansion and the `Elevation Effect,`
... falls throughout critical elevations. Valley climate stations indicate increases in precipitation over the past 50 years and small declines in summer temperatures, which may indicate positive trends in glacier mass balance. However, the suddenness of the expansions is problematic, as is their confin ...
... falls throughout critical elevations. Valley climate stations indicate increases in precipitation over the past 50 years and small declines in summer temperatures, which may indicate positive trends in glacier mass balance. However, the suddenness of the expansions is problematic, as is their confin ...
1 Alpine Treeline of Western North America - UNC
... Although the ecological dynamics of the alpine treeline ecotone are influenced by climate, it is an imperfect indicator of climate change. Mechanistic processes that shape the ecotone – seed rain, seed germination, seedling establishment and subsequent tree growth form, or, conversely tree dieback – ...
... Although the ecological dynamics of the alpine treeline ecotone are influenced by climate, it is an imperfect indicator of climate change. Mechanistic processes that shape the ecotone – seed rain, seed germination, seedling establishment and subsequent tree growth form, or, conversely tree dieback – ...
Reducing Human Vulnerability
... preindustrial levels. In the second the emissions are much higher, leading eventually to temperatures about 5°C or more above preindustrial levels.4 Even on the lower temperature trajectory many ecosystems will come under increasing stress, patterns of pests and disease will continue to change, and ...
... preindustrial levels. In the second the emissions are much higher, leading eventually to temperatures about 5°C or more above preindustrial levels.4 Even on the lower temperature trajectory many ecosystems will come under increasing stress, patterns of pests and disease will continue to change, and ...
Climate change threatens the fight against poverty
... Irrawady, Mekong, Salween and Yangtze — that provide water supplies for more than 2 billion people10. In the semi-arid Northeast Brazil, with the lowest level of human development in Latin America, global warming has accelerated desertification with the consequences of rising poverty, hunger and mig ...
... Irrawady, Mekong, Salween and Yangtze — that provide water supplies for more than 2 billion people10. In the semi-arid Northeast Brazil, with the lowest level of human development in Latin America, global warming has accelerated desertification with the consequences of rising poverty, hunger and mig ...
The Role of Climate Change in the Egyptian Revolution
... one that can be disregarded as a future issue, one that the inhabitants of this Earth do not have to worry about. The impacts of climate change are wide-ranging and are unfortunately deadly. Today’s atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are 405.2 parts per million, which is the highest that CO2 levels h ...
... one that can be disregarded as a future issue, one that the inhabitants of this Earth do not have to worry about. The impacts of climate change are wide-ranging and are unfortunately deadly. Today’s atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are 405.2 parts per million, which is the highest that CO2 levels h ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""