Procedural Rights as a Crucial Tool to Combat Climate Change
... change related issues. States must also give the public a voice by allowing participation by all affected communities, including indigenous peoples. In Part II, this Article will first discuss how freedom of expression and access to information are embedded in human rights treaties, multilateral env ...
... change related issues. States must also give the public a voice by allowing participation by all affected communities, including indigenous peoples. In Part II, this Article will first discuss how freedom of expression and access to information are embedded in human rights treaties, multilateral env ...
Phenological events along the elevation gradient
... divergence of opinion about the magnitude of climate change predicted for the Indian region and its effect on plants. Both climatic models and observational studies give conflicting views regarding the effect of climate change on vegetation. There is now ample evidence which shows that over the past ...
... divergence of opinion about the magnitude of climate change predicted for the Indian region and its effect on plants. Both climatic models and observational studies give conflicting views regarding the effect of climate change on vegetation. There is now ample evidence which shows that over the past ...
Payne and Pates 2009 Wetlands Ecology and Management
... than in bogs. In these sites alive or encysted amoebae were only noted in the top 2-3 cm. ...
... than in bogs. In these sites alive or encysted amoebae were only noted in the top 2-3 cm. ...
A Multi-Model Assessment of Regional Climate Disparities Caused
... aggregating climate change over regions. Blue and red lines show example values of Di (w; g) (Equation 3, for any value of w). The value of g that minimizes D for the three methods is ...
... aggregating climate change over regions. Blue and red lines show example values of Di (w; g) (Equation 3, for any value of w). The value of g that minimizes D for the three methods is ...
Preparing for Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region
... Pursue “no regrets” policies. “No regrets” policies encourage actions that will provide many benefits even if climate change impacts are different than expected. For example, addressing the regulation and management of Great Lakes shorelines as water levels fluctuate will have positive impacts on ...
... Pursue “no regrets” policies. “No regrets” policies encourage actions that will provide many benefits even if climate change impacts are different than expected. For example, addressing the regulation and management of Great Lakes shorelines as water levels fluctuate will have positive impacts on ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... gases: fossil fuel use, changes in vegetation cover. Natural ones: carbon going into and out of ocean/forest naturally every year However, the greenhouse gases have been slowly increasing, thereby increasing the blanket of the atmosphere ...
... gases: fossil fuel use, changes in vegetation cover. Natural ones: carbon going into and out of ocean/forest naturally every year However, the greenhouse gases have been slowly increasing, thereby increasing the blanket of the atmosphere ...
Climate Change in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas - HimalDoc
... because of the difficulties presented by extreme variations in altitude and aspect. The data that are available indicate that there is a moderate warming trend and that temperature increases are more pronounced at higher than at lower elevations. The data on precipitation are even scarcer and do not ...
... because of the difficulties presented by extreme variations in altitude and aspect. The data that are available indicate that there is a moderate warming trend and that temperature increases are more pronounced at higher than at lower elevations. The data on precipitation are even scarcer and do not ...
Multi-hazard Risks and Vulnerable Populations in the Caribbean
... Rappaport (2000) constructed a database of Atlantic tropical cyclone fatalities for the 1970–99 storm seasons that identified the date, cause, and location of each fatality (65 Atlantic tropical cyclones affected the contiguous U.S. during this period; Rappaport estimated a total of 600 direct fatal ...
... Rappaport (2000) constructed a database of Atlantic tropical cyclone fatalities for the 1970–99 storm seasons that identified the date, cause, and location of each fatality (65 Atlantic tropical cyclones affected the contiguous U.S. during this period; Rappaport estimated a total of 600 direct fatal ...
divest riverside! - Riverside Church
... confused with “weather,” the latter refers to short-term (typically a few days or weeks) changes in atmospheric conditions. Climate, in contrast, is defined as long-term averages in such factors as temperature and precipitation. Why is the Earth's climate changing, with rising temperatures and sea l ...
... confused with “weather,” the latter refers to short-term (typically a few days or weeks) changes in atmospheric conditions. Climate, in contrast, is defined as long-term averages in such factors as temperature and precipitation. Why is the Earth's climate changing, with rising temperatures and sea l ...
Globalization and Diversity Changing Global Environment 2.1
... A) Greenhouse gases have never been very stable, and have increased dramatically in the past 130 years. B) Greenhouse gases were fairly stable throughout most of human history, but have decreased dramatically in the past 130 years. C) Greenhouse gases have never been very stable, but have decreased ...
... A) Greenhouse gases have never been very stable, and have increased dramatically in the past 130 years. B) Greenhouse gases were fairly stable throughout most of human history, but have decreased dramatically in the past 130 years. C) Greenhouse gases have never been very stable, but have decreased ...
Adaption to climate-related changes in seagrass ecosystems in
... pressures [Björk et al, 2008]. Signifcant anthropogenic threats to seagrass ecosystems include eutrophication and sedimentation caused by poor farming and forestry practices, and destructive fshing methods such as bottom trawling [Waycott et al, 2009]. These pressures are expected to become greater ...
... pressures [Björk et al, 2008]. Signifcant anthropogenic threats to seagrass ecosystems include eutrophication and sedimentation caused by poor farming and forestry practices, and destructive fshing methods such as bottom trawling [Waycott et al, 2009]. These pressures are expected to become greater ...
Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels
... Numerous long-term ecological changes have been attributed to climate change1. Shifts in the ...
... Numerous long-term ecological changes have been attributed to climate change1. Shifts in the ...
Arctic marine mammal population status, sea ice habitat loss, and
... Abstract: Arctic marine mammals (AMMs) are icons of climate change, largely because of their close association with sea ice. However, neither a circumpolar assessment of AMM status nor a standardized metric of sea ice habitat change is available. We summarized available data on abundance and trend f ...
... Abstract: Arctic marine mammals (AMMs) are icons of climate change, largely because of their close association with sea ice. However, neither a circumpolar assessment of AMM status nor a standardized metric of sea ice habitat change is available. We summarized available data on abundance and trend f ...
Temperature modulates intra-plant growth ofSalix polarisfrom a high
... Webb (1963) who found that many years may pass without any rings being formed in S. arctica specimens found on Axel Heiberg Island. This phenomenon is usually linked with ‘‘low extremes’’, represented by one or more cold summers with little or no growth (e.g. Polunin 1955, 1958). However, such growt ...
... Webb (1963) who found that many years may pass without any rings being formed in S. arctica specimens found on Axel Heiberg Island. This phenomenon is usually linked with ‘‘low extremes’’, represented by one or more cold summers with little or no growth (e.g. Polunin 1955, 1958). However, such growt ...
Climate change hits home
... between 5 and 20 percent of global GDP.3 In California, climate mitigation through Assembly Bill 32 is projected to have a net positive economic impact, increasing gross state product, personal income (including $4 billion in fuel savings by 2020) and job creation. But if no actions are taken, clima ...
... between 5 and 20 percent of global GDP.3 In California, climate mitigation through Assembly Bill 32 is projected to have a net positive economic impact, increasing gross state product, personal income (including $4 billion in fuel savings by 2020) and job creation. But if no actions are taken, clima ...
Israel Country report 2013
... The ENPI CLIMA-South is implemented in a dynamic region, with rapidly changing social and political environments. At the same time, climate change is at a critical stage of the international negotiations in which new developments may be expected. Flexibility is therefore of the utmost importance and ...
... The ENPI CLIMA-South is implemented in a dynamic region, with rapidly changing social and political environments. At the same time, climate change is at a critical stage of the international negotiations in which new developments may be expected. Flexibility is therefore of the utmost importance and ...
The dynamics of vulnerability: why adapting to climate variability climate change
... in the future,26 although empirical literature operationalizing or evaluating what constitutes successful adaptation is rare.11,27,28 Vulnerability can also change over time, and the ‘landscape of risk’ itself can shift in unpredictable ways, including changes in chronic stresses and cumulated effec ...
... in the future,26 although empirical literature operationalizing or evaluating what constitutes successful adaptation is rare.11,27,28 Vulnerability can also change over time, and the ‘landscape of risk’ itself can shift in unpredictable ways, including changes in chronic stresses and cumulated effec ...
CHAPTER 2: ARCTIC CLIMATE – Past and Present Lead Author
... The Arctic region is the northern polar component of the global climate system. The global climate system has been thoroughly examined in the recent reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001), including a description of the global climate system (IPCC, WGI, pp 85-98) and t ...
... The Arctic region is the northern polar component of the global climate system. The global climate system has been thoroughly examined in the recent reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001), including a description of the global climate system (IPCC, WGI, pp 85-98) and t ...
Module 1: Introduction to climate change in the context of
... In spite of the irregular behaviour on a daily basis, observations show that there is some long-time regularity in the behaviour of the atmosphere. We define, for example, a Mediterranean climate, with mild winters and hot, dry summers because along the years those have been the general atmospheric ...
... In spite of the irregular behaviour on a daily basis, observations show that there is some long-time regularity in the behaviour of the atmosphere. We define, for example, a Mediterranean climate, with mild winters and hot, dry summers because along the years those have been the general atmospheric ...
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... production, and changes in the frequency and intensity of climate-related hazards, all of which can result in more humanitarian and food security crises. Climate change affects the different dimensions of food security in complex ways. The availability of food can be affected through variations in y ...
... production, and changes in the frequency and intensity of climate-related hazards, all of which can result in more humanitarian and food security crises. Climate change affects the different dimensions of food security in complex ways. The availability of food can be affected through variations in y ...
adapt to climate change
... widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea levels all point directly to a warmer planet. There is overwhelming evidence that humans are contributing to global warming. Most of the observed increase in temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely to be due to the obser ...
... widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea levels all point directly to a warmer planet. There is overwhelming evidence that humans are contributing to global warming. Most of the observed increase in temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely to be due to the obser ...
Climate impact on airborne particulate matter concentrations in
... with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5 ) has serious health consequences (see for example, Pope, 2000). The National Ambient Air Quality Standard for annualaverage PM2.5 is currently 15 µg m−3 and the more stringent California State Air Quality Standard for annual-average PM2.5 is current ...
... with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5 ) has serious health consequences (see for example, Pope, 2000). The National Ambient Air Quality Standard for annualaverage PM2.5 is currently 15 µg m−3 and the more stringent California State Air Quality Standard for annual-average PM2.5 is current ...
Environmental federalism - Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service
... crucial role in determining the infrastructure of our economy and the nature of social relations, which in turn affect the path of emissions. We argue that the division of authority in a federal state has a very large effect on what national policies can and should be implemented. The transmission o ...
... crucial role in determining the infrastructure of our economy and the nature of social relations, which in turn affect the path of emissions. We argue that the division of authority in a federal state has a very large effect on what national policies can and should be implemented. The transmission o ...
Melting snow and ice: a call for action
... sheet mass have been observed over the last decades. It appears that the changes are occurring at an accelerating pace. The global implications of these changes are potentially severe: • Reduction of ice, snow and permafrost contributes to a continued and accelerated global warming through various f ...
... sheet mass have been observed over the last decades. It appears that the changes are occurring at an accelerating pace. The global implications of these changes are potentially severe: • Reduction of ice, snow and permafrost contributes to a continued and accelerated global warming through various f ...
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... framework. This is in sharp contrast to the …ndings of much of the existing IEA literature which concludes that only very small coalitions are stable (see for example, Barrett, 1994 and 2003; Diamantoudi and Sartzetakis, 2006). This paper provides a more positive result by illustrating that if the c ...
... framework. This is in sharp contrast to the …ndings of much of the existing IEA literature which concludes that only very small coalitions are stable (see for example, Barrett, 1994 and 2003; Diamantoudi and Sartzetakis, 2006). This paper provides a more positive result by illustrating that if the c ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""