C. Opisthorchis felineus
... 24. A 50 year old female develops post surgical tetany after thyroidectomy. This is directly caused by: A. Transection of recurrent laryngeal nerve B. Complete removal of thyroid & parathyroid glands C. Hyperthyroid state prior to surgery D. Hypothyroid state prior to surgery (Wheater’s Functional H ...
... 24. A 50 year old female develops post surgical tetany after thyroidectomy. This is directly caused by: A. Transection of recurrent laryngeal nerve B. Complete removal of thyroid & parathyroid glands C. Hyperthyroid state prior to surgery D. Hypothyroid state prior to surgery (Wheater’s Functional H ...
HBV Training Workshop
... HBV Prevention: Recommended for Vaccination • Sexual exposure: ▫ Sexual contacts of HBV positive persons ▫ People who are sexually active with more than one sexual partner w/i the last 6 months ▫ People seeking STD services ▫ Men who have sex with men ...
... HBV Prevention: Recommended for Vaccination • Sexual exposure: ▫ Sexual contacts of HBV positive persons ▫ People who are sexually active with more than one sexual partner w/i the last 6 months ▫ People seeking STD services ▫ Men who have sex with men ...
4.16 Rabies and other lyssaviruses
... The recommended schedule for PEP for previously unvaccinated immunocompromised persons consists of 5 doses of vaccine. The 1st dose of vaccine is given as soon as practicable (day 0), and subsequent doses are given on days 3, 7, 14 and 28; deviations of a few days from this schedule are probably uni ...
... The recommended schedule for PEP for previously unvaccinated immunocompromised persons consists of 5 doses of vaccine. The 1st dose of vaccine is given as soon as practicable (day 0), and subsequent doses are given on days 3, 7, 14 and 28; deviations of a few days from this schedule are probably uni ...
A Bayesian approach for inferring the dynamics of partially observed space-time-genetic data
... also be an indirect source of observed infections after its removal, as a consequence of unsampled intermediate hosts: case A (sampled) infects B (unsampled) which infects C (unsampled) which infects D (sampled). As these unsampled cases extend the influence of case A in both geographical and geneti ...
... also be an indirect source of observed infections after its removal, as a consequence of unsampled intermediate hosts: case A (sampled) infects B (unsampled) which infects C (unsampled) which infects D (sampled). As these unsampled cases extend the influence of case A in both geographical and geneti ...
Trachoma: The Forgotten Cause of Blindness
... direct smears of conjunctival swabs stained with iodine or Giemsa. Giemsa staining is fast, economical, and more sensitive than iodine; however, it has a low overall sensitivity, around 30 percent, even in the presence of severe disease (11, 12). Tissue culture is considered the most specific test. ...
... direct smears of conjunctival swabs stained with iodine or Giemsa. Giemsa staining is fast, economical, and more sensitive than iodine; however, it has a low overall sensitivity, around 30 percent, even in the presence of severe disease (11, 12). Tissue culture is considered the most specific test. ...
ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS IN CHILDHOOD: Clinical Characteristics
... presentation and long-term outcome. Another aim was to study biomarkers in CSF of children with TBE and to identify markers predicting the long-term outcome. Methods: We retrospectively studied the medical records of all children with acute encephalitis at Astrid Lindgren Children´s hospital in Stoc ...
... presentation and long-term outcome. Another aim was to study biomarkers in CSF of children with TBE and to identify markers predicting the long-term outcome. Methods: We retrospectively studied the medical records of all children with acute encephalitis at Astrid Lindgren Children´s hospital in Stoc ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... bromide staining, colorimetric detection using specific probes is now frequently employed. This provides the advantage of an easy-to read and familiar microtitre plate format. Light Cycler PCR has now been applied to the diagnosis of amoebiasis (E Tannich, personal communication; see also http://www ...
... bromide staining, colorimetric detection using specific probes is now frequently employed. This provides the advantage of an easy-to read and familiar microtitre plate format. Light Cycler PCR has now been applied to the diagnosis of amoebiasis (E Tannich, personal communication; see also http://www ...
Healthcare workers handbook on Influenza in SA
... Infection due to influenza viruses can give rise to a wide range of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe illness and death. In the majority of people, influenza is an uncomplicated illness which is characterised by sudden onset of constitutional and respiratory sympt ...
... Infection due to influenza viruses can give rise to a wide range of clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe illness and death. In the majority of people, influenza is an uncomplicated illness which is characterised by sudden onset of constitutional and respiratory sympt ...
Public Health Guidelines on the Prevention and Management of
... Influenza is very infectious and is easily passed from person-to-person. The virus is mainly spread by an infected person coughing or sneezing. The incubation period (delay between infection and appearance of symptoms) is short, typically 1-3 days. A person can spread the virus by sneezing or coughi ...
... Influenza is very infectious and is easily passed from person-to-person. The virus is mainly spread by an infected person coughing or sneezing. The incubation period (delay between infection and appearance of symptoms) is short, typically 1-3 days. A person can spread the virus by sneezing or coughi ...
Q fever: current status and perspectives - ORBi
... epitopes did not lead to B cell stimulation and specific antibody production. Koster et al. (1985a) ...
... epitopes did not lead to B cell stimulation and specific antibody production. Koster et al. (1985a) ...
SYPHILIS
... • It is uncommon. (The survey of newly diagnosed late syphilis cases in Denmark between 1961 and 1970 showed that ~ 11% of pts with late syphilis and 40% of those with clinical neurosyphilis had evidence of tabes dorsalis). More common in whites and in men. • It’s a slowly progressive, degenerative ...
... • It is uncommon. (The survey of newly diagnosed late syphilis cases in Denmark between 1961 and 1970 showed that ~ 11% of pts with late syphilis and 40% of those with clinical neurosyphilis had evidence of tabes dorsalis). More common in whites and in men. • It’s a slowly progressive, degenerative ...
A critical review of the effect of heat, pH and water activity on the
... Antigenicity: the capacity to stimulate the production of antibodies or the capacity to react with an antibody. Capsid: the protein shell of a virus. Cryo-electron microscopy: a form of transmission electron microscopy (EM) where the sample is studied at cryogenic temperatures. CT value: concentrati ...
... Antigenicity: the capacity to stimulate the production of antibodies or the capacity to react with an antibody. Capsid: the protein shell of a virus. Cryo-electron microscopy: a form of transmission electron microscopy (EM) where the sample is studied at cryogenic temperatures. CT value: concentrati ...
Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis
... cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in bacterial meningitis (BM), but the results were heterogeneous. The aim of the study was to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of PCT as a marker for BM detection. Acute meningitis (AM) is an extremely severe and life-threatening infection, and early diagnosis and prompt t ...
... cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in bacterial meningitis (BM), but the results were heterogeneous. The aim of the study was to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of PCT as a marker for BM detection. Acute meningitis (AM) is an extremely severe and life-threatening infection, and early diagnosis and prompt t ...
The Immunological Basis for Immunization Series
... non-motile rod, Gram-positive bacteria with the property of acid-fast (Ziehl-Nielsen) staining due to their complex mycolic acid-rich cell wall structure. The genus includes four members of the M. tuberculosis complex: M. tuberculosis and M. africanum, which are primary human pathogens, M. bovis, th ...
... non-motile rod, Gram-positive bacteria with the property of acid-fast (Ziehl-Nielsen) staining due to their complex mycolic acid-rich cell wall structure. The genus includes four members of the M. tuberculosis complex: M. tuberculosis and M. africanum, which are primary human pathogens, M. bovis, th ...
HBV Training Workshop
... • Majority of immigrants have never been vaccinated against HBV • CDC estimates 450,000 immigrants admitted to the USA between 19942003 were infected with hepatitis B ...
... • Majority of immigrants have never been vaccinated against HBV • CDC estimates 450,000 immigrants admitted to the USA between 19942003 were infected with hepatitis B ...
prospectives and necessity of eradication of infectious bovine
... The eradication of IBR/IPV in our country relies on voluntary participation of cattle owners, same as in majority of other countries that have already eradicated or are close to complete eradication of the disease, yet with the support and participation of governmental institutions in view of approp ...
... The eradication of IBR/IPV in our country relies on voluntary participation of cattle owners, same as in majority of other countries that have already eradicated or are close to complete eradication of the disease, yet with the support and participation of governmental institutions in view of approp ...
A REVIEW ON PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS (RESPIRATORY
... fairly susceptible and could also contract the disease if they were similarly exposed to physical stress or unfavourable environmental conditions. Pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle is generally recognized as an acute febrile respiratory disease with fulminating fibrinous or fibrinopurulent bronchop ...
... fairly susceptible and could also contract the disease if they were similarly exposed to physical stress or unfavourable environmental conditions. Pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle is generally recognized as an acute febrile respiratory disease with fulminating fibrinous or fibrinopurulent bronchop ...
Dengue
... Anyone who is bitten by an infected mosquito can get dengue fever. Risk factors for dengue hemorrhagic fever include a person's age and immune status, as well as the type of infecting virus. Persons who were previously infected with one or more types of dengue virus are thought to be at greater risk ...
... Anyone who is bitten by an infected mosquito can get dengue fever. Risk factors for dengue hemorrhagic fever include a person's age and immune status, as well as the type of infecting virus. Persons who were previously infected with one or more types of dengue virus are thought to be at greater risk ...
HPV Frequently Asked Questions
... provide some protection; however, they cannot prevent infection completely, because they do not cover all areas of the genital region. Transmission by genital contact without intercourse is not common, but infection has been reported in women who did not have a history of intercourse. Oral-genital a ...
... provide some protection; however, they cannot prevent infection completely, because they do not cover all areas of the genital region. Transmission by genital contact without intercourse is not common, but infection has been reported in women who did not have a history of intercourse. Oral-genital a ...
Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer
... immunity, various co-factors, and perhaps, spontaneous mutations in the host cell that may eventually result in the development of cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, or penis. ...
... immunity, various co-factors, and perhaps, spontaneous mutations in the host cell that may eventually result in the development of cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, or penis. ...
Functional analysis of a zebrafish myd88 mutant identifies key
... (100 μg/ml) or PBS as a control. Expression of il1b and mmp9 at 2 hpi was analyzed by qPCR. Data are combined from three biological replicates (n=20 per group) and statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison method as a post-hoc test. (H). Poly I:C expos ...
... (100 μg/ml) or PBS as a control. Expression of il1b and mmp9 at 2 hpi was analyzed by qPCR. Data are combined from three biological replicates (n=20 per group) and statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison method as a post-hoc test. (H). Poly I:C expos ...
Human cytomegalovirus
Human cytomegalovirus is a species of the Cytomegalovirus genus of viruses, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is typically abbreviated as HCMV or, commonly but more ambiguously, as CMV. It is also known as human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5). Within Herpesviridae, HCMV belongs to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, which also includes cytomegaloviruses from other mammals.Although they may be found throughout the body, HCMV infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands. HCMV infection is typically unnoticed in healthy people, but can be life-threatening for the immunocompromised, such as HIV-infected persons, organ transplant recipients, or newborn infants. After infection, HCMV remains latent within the body throughout life and can be reactivated at any time. Eventually, it may cause mucoepidermoid carcinoma and possibly other malignancies such as prostate cancer.HCMV is found throughout all geographic locations and socioeconomic groups, and infects between 60% and 70% of adults in industrialized countries and almost 100% in emerging countries.Of all herpes viruses, HCMV harbors the most genes dedicated to altering (evading) innate and adaptive immunity in the host and represents a life-long burden of antigenic T cell surveillance and immune dysfunction.Commonly it is indicated by the presence of antibodies in the general population. Seroprevalence is age-dependent: 58.9% of individuals aged 6 and older are infected with CMV while 90.8% of individuals aged 80 and older are positive for HCMV. HCMV is also the virus most frequently transmitted to a developing fetus.HCMV infection is more widespread in developing countries and in communities with lower socioeconomic status and represents the most significant viral cause of birth defects in industrialized countries. Congenital HCMV is the leading infectious cause of deafness, learning disabilities, and intellectual disability in childrenCMV also ""seems to have a large impact on immune parameters in later life and may contribute to increased morbidity and eventual mortality.""