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Smallpox Basics The Politics of Smallpox Modeling Rice University - November 2004
Smallpox Basics The Politics of Smallpox Modeling Rice University - November 2004

... „ Everyone is probably susceptible „ Perhaps enough protection to reduce the severity of the disease ...
Long IBC Protocol Form
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Chapter 26 - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
Chapter 26 - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group

... (4) Unavoidable microbes – microbes that exist but are as yet unrecognized and thus of indeterminate risk. Serologic surveys have the potential to miss an immunologic response to a recently encountered agent. To minimize problems, select animals that tested negative initially should be quarantined a ...
Viruses
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... Uses for viruses • Vaccines – dead or weakened form that stimulates the immune system to fight the virus when exposed to it. • Genetic engineering – use a virus carrier to insert genes into diseased cells. ...
Arenavirus by Avner Yemin
Arenavirus by Avner Yemin

... through the cell membrane and gain an envelope. Virus is released from host cell without causing death. ...
Introduction to Infectious Disease Modelling and its Applications
Introduction to Infectious Disease Modelling and its Applications

... This section provides an introduction to several methodological aspects of modelling, namely stochastic and network models, health economics and sensitivity analyses. Stochastic models are often used to describe the transmission dynamics of infections in small populations, for example, for predictin ...
DRAFT 1.12.05 NEON Infectious Diseases Subcommittee
DRAFT 1.12.05 NEON Infectious Diseases Subcommittee

... 1) What biotic and abiotic factors regulate distributions and control ecological and evolutionary dynamics of key vectors, hosts, reservoirs, and pathogens? JUSTIFICATION The questions posed here are of critical significance to the science of ecology and are highly relevant to public health and well ...
What Are Communicable Diseases?
What Are Communicable Diseases?

... Airborne Transmission Airborne transmission is different from direct contact because the pathogens don’t settle quickly on surfaces. You don’t have to be close to an infected person to inhale the pathogens. Diseases that are transmitted this way include chicken pox, tuberculosis, and influenza. ...
Differential equation models of disease transmission
Differential equation models of disease transmission

... The basic reproductive ratio R0 is the expected number of secondary infections that will be caused by an average index case that is introduced into a large and entirely susceptible population. In the types of ODE models that we consider here uniform mixing is assumed and every host is considered “av ...
About-hiv-viruses
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bloodborne-pathogens-lifeshare-training-on-line2

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U4Virus Presentation
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Article from EMPRES360
Article from EMPRES360

... supply systems, increases in global travel and trade, climate change, persistent poverty and inadequate public and animal health systems have been implicated as drivers of today’s global disease landscapes. Examples of diseases and corresponding driving forces are summarized in the ...
What Are Communicable Diseases?
What Are Communicable Diseases?

... Airborne Transmission Airborne transmission is different from direct contact because the pathogens don’t settle quickly on surfaces. You don’t have to be close to an infected person to inhale the pathogens. Diseases that are transmitted this way include chicken pox, tuberculosis, and influenza. ...
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Ranaviruses - Purdue Extension
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... Amphibians, especially larvae, have been known to carry low-level infections in the wild. There is evidence that these infected larvae can metamorphose and carry the pathogen into the next breeding season. Additionally, fish and reptiles, particularly turtles, may harbor ranaviruses. Fish and reptil ...
the virus infection cycle
the virus infection cycle

... capitalized and the terms are printed in italics  Species designations are not capitalized (unless they are derived from a place name or a host family or genus name), nor are they italicized  The name of the taxon should precede the term for the taxonomic unit ; for example: ..."the family Paramyx ...
Spread of Disease
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... When a person has a disease, his or her normal body functions are disrupted. Some diseases, such as diabetes and most cancers, are not spread from one person to another. But other diseases, such as the flu and strep throat, can be spread. These diseases are known as infectious diseases. Infectious d ...
Who are we? - EMBO Reports
Who are we? - EMBO Reports

... reproductive systems. Predictably, as humans move through a ‘post-modern’ era, different diseases are becoming prominent. For some, such as HIV/AIDS, the cause is obvious: in this case, the introduction of a new microbial agent into a population that ...
Nkemka Esiobu
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Lecture 4 Introduction to Environmentally Transmitted Pathogens
Lecture 4 Introduction to Environmentally Transmitted Pathogens

... Susceptibility to Infection and Illness • Antigenic changes in microbes overcome immunity, increasing risks of re-infection or illness – Antigenically different strains of microbes appear and are selected for over time and space – Constant selection of new strains (by antigenic shift and drift) – Pa ...
C23L1 PPT - Destiny High School
C23L1 PPT - Destiny High School

... • Describe at least 2 ways pathogens can be spread through direct contact. • Describe 2 ways pathogens can be spread through indirect contact. • List different times in which you should wash your hands. • List 3 prevention strategies that reduce the risk for getting or spreading communicable disease ...
Just-In-Time Training for Animal Disease Emergencies Health and
Just-In-Time Training for Animal Disease Emergencies Health and

... milk – as well as its tissues – either through lesions, carcasses, or during parturition. Entry of the organism occurs following contact with the mucous membranes, such as the eyes, nose, or mouth but can also enter through open wounds or breaks in the skin. Aerosol transmission, involves the transf ...
Information and question sheets PDF - EAL Nexus
Information and question sheets PDF - EAL Nexus

... certain antibiotics, so they can no longer be killed by them. Vaccines contain dead or inactive / live microbes which make your immune system react to them and produce antigens / antibodies. If the real, active disease tries to infect you after that, the pathogens / ...
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Cross-species transmission

Cross-species transmission (CST) is the phenomenon of transfer of viral infection from one species, usually a similar species, to another. Often seen in emerging viruses where one species transfers to another which in turn transfers to humans. Examples include HIV-AIDS, SARS, Ebola, Swine flu, rabies, and Bird flu.The exact mechanism that facilitates the transfer is unknown, however, it is believed that viruses with a rapid mutation rate are able to overcome host-specific immunological defenses. This can occur between species that have high contact rates. It can also occur between species with low contact rates but usually through an intermediary species. Bats, for example, are mammals and can directly transfer rabies to humans through bite and also through aerosolization of bat salvia and urine which are then absorbed by human mucous membranes in the nose, mouth and eyes.Similarity between species, for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by similar immunological defenses. Other factors include geographic area, intraspecies behaviours, and phylogenetic relatedness. Virus emergence relies on two factors: initial infection and sustained transmission.
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