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Modeling Infectious Diseases from a Real World Perspective
Modeling Infectious Diseases from a Real World Perspective

... Discrete versus continuous models in biology Discrete versus continuous models in epidemiology Discrete multi-compartment formulations based on ...
Molecular Evolution and Phylogeography of Co
Molecular Evolution and Phylogeography of Co

... clusters. In contrast, all Italian IHNV isolates fell within genogroup E, for which only a single genetic cluster was identified. More striking was that IHNV has evolved more rapidly than VHSV (mean rates of 11 and 7.3 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site, per year, respectively), indicating tha ...
SCWDS BRIEFS SPECIAL ISSUE: VIRUSES GONE WILD
SCWDS BRIEFS SPECIAL ISSUE: VIRUSES GONE WILD

... states along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. However, the current distribution now includes regions in the upper midwestern states of Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin. The geographic distribution and risk of exposure to EEEV vary from year-to-year with changes in the distribution of the insect vectors ...
Indicator Microorganisms
Indicator Microorganisms

... wastes contain large numbers of microbes (~100 billion/gram).  Constitute ~1/3rd the mass of human fecal matter  Most are beneficial or essential in the gut; not pathogens  Some gut microbes are human pathogens; they cause disease. – Human pathogens can be shed in human and animal feces. – Humans ...
DISEASE IN HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE RE
DISEASE IN HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE RE

... "Emerging" pathogens are seen as new diseases, discovered when they have an impact on our adaptation or survival. Even when we take a more holistic ecological perspective, it is often limited to a position that considers emerging disease as the result of environmental changes that are only relevant ...
Viral Pathogens
Viral Pathogens

... • Many enteric viruses in environmental samples do not cause cytopathogenic effects (CPE) – will not be detected by microscopic examination – require additional methods to detect their presence • immunochemical methods – detect antigens in infected cells • nucleic acid methods – nucleic acid hybridi ...
Age-dependency in host-vector models
Age-dependency in host-vector models

... into three subpopulations, namely these of susceptible, infectious and recovered individuals, with sizes denoted by Sh (t), Ih (t) and Rh (t), respectively. The recovered hosts are assumed to be permanently immune. The vector population of size Nv is divided into two classes, namely these of the sus ...
What’s up with the flu? - Winona Senior High School
What’s up with the flu? - Winona Senior High School

... Right now, the avian flu is reproductively isolated in birds. It does not spread easily to humans or from human to human. However, if the avian flu were to mutate or recombine with a human flu strain, this highly virulent flu strain could also become highly transmissible. ...
Data–model fusion to better understand emerging pathogens and
Data–model fusion to better understand emerging pathogens and

... Abstract. Ecologists worldwide are challenged to contribute solutions to urgent and pressing environmental problems by forecasting how populations, communities, and ecosystems will respond to global change. Rising to this challenge requires organizing ecological information derived from diverse sour ...
Reprint H
Reprint H

... of disease (e.g., malaria) to being essentially commensal in immunocompetent hosts (e.g., most types of herpesvirus and papilloma virus). Other infections depend on an animal reservoir for their maintenance; their infection of humans may be pathogenic, but it has little part in the evolving ecology ...
HealthySole® Plus Product Peer Analysis
HealthySole® Plus Product Peer Analysis

... which do not include the floors of healthcare facilities. UV robots are a single application, which requires additional staff to set up and operate and can only be used without the presence of patients or staff. Although UV robots can reduce the microbial load for a short amount of time in a specifi ...
Crossing the scale from within-host infection dynamics to between
Crossing the scale from within-host infection dynamics to between

... of complications in infected patients remain debated [1–4], NAI are known to shorten the symptomatic period and reduce virus load [5]. This, in turn, can potentially lead to reduced transmission of those treated with NAI, and therefore, make NAI a potentially important tool in outbreak mitigation or ...
Phylogenetic tree shapes resolve disease
Phylogenetic tree shapes resolve disease

... Whole-genome sequence data contain rich information about a pathogen population from which several evolutionary parameters and events of interest can be inferred. When the population in question comprises pathogen isolates drawn from an outbreak or epidemic of an infectious disease, these inferences ...
Lesson - Lake–Sumter State College
Lesson - Lake–Sumter State College

... • Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern regarding nosocomial infections – Organisms that are resistant to more than one antibiotic is referred to as a multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) – Resistance comes from repeated exposure of a microbe to antibiotics • “More you use antibiotics; mor ...
Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs)
Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs)

... workers, coaches, and athletic trainers. ...
4 ECHINOCOCCOSIS 1. Definition Echinococcosis (hydatid disease
4 ECHINOCOCCOSIS 1. Definition Echinococcosis (hydatid disease

... canid small  intestine. Eggs  are  shed in the  canid feces  and remain viable  for  several  months  in the  pasture  or  gardens. When an intermediate  host  such as  a  sheep, goat, or  cow, ingests  them, the  eggs  develop into larvae  and  these  larvae  are  carried  out  to  different  organ ...
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

... unknown viruses – Animal blood samples (hunter-collected) screened for unknown viral gene sequences – Create data bank of animal viruses ...
Interaktioner mellan gnagare, sjukdomar och klimat, och dess risker
Interaktioner mellan gnagare, sjukdomar och klimat, och dess risker

... Climatic variables constrain… ...
Detection of antibodies to selected human pathogens among wild
Detection of antibodies to selected human pathogens among wild

... The third largest island in the Indonesian archipelago [Whitten et al., 1987], Sulawesi still contains large tracts of virgin forest that support a unique fauna. The island is home to at least seven morphologically distinct taxa of macaques [Fooden, 1969]. As in many areas that contain populations o ...
Infectious Diseases in Aging Populations: Unifying Statistical and Dynamical Approaches
Infectious Diseases in Aging Populations: Unifying Statistical and Dynamical Approaches

... graduate students would be expected to be available for research-related meetings with students and researchers at the host institution. All visiting graduate students will be provided office space as well as assistance in securing local housing for the duration of their stay. During the summer lab ...
Virus evolution and transmission in an ever more connected world
Virus evolution and transmission in an ever more connected world

... virus infection is more common in regions where two or more viral serotypes co-circulate, and the success rate of drug treatment for hepatitis C virus infection varies significantly among viral genotypes. Evolutionary analysis of viral genes can be used to validate the putative source of an emerging ...
Maggie McNally - Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity
Maggie McNally - Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity

... of disease (e.g., malaria) to being essentially commensal in immunocompetent hosts (e.g., most types of herpesvirus and papilloma virus). Other infections depend on an animal reservoir for their maintenance; their infection of humans may be pathogenic, but it has little part in the evolving ecology ...
Non-Ophthalmic Post-Surgical Blindness
Non-Ophthalmic Post-Surgical Blindness

... Since swimming 5 days PTA, increasing facial pain, and RE swelling “Incoherent” per grandfather 1 day PTA Noted by family to hit herself in the RE several times while asleep 1 day PTA Taken to OSH morning of admission and seen by outside ophthalmology consult Started on treatment for high IOP OD (90 ...
MAFF CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMAL PATHOGENS (Viruses only)
MAFF CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMAL PATHOGENS (Viruses only)

... All the following virus groups will need a licence under the Import of Animal Pathogens Order 1980 if imported from outside the European Community. In addition, “S” denotes a specified animal pathogen for which a licence will also be necessary under the Specified Animal Pathogens Order 1998 irrespec ...
病毒概述
病毒概述

... e.g., DI measles virus cause SSPE. (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)亚急性硬化性全脑炎 ...
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Cross-species transmission

Cross-species transmission (CST) is the phenomenon of transfer of viral infection from one species, usually a similar species, to another. Often seen in emerging viruses where one species transfers to another which in turn transfers to humans. Examples include HIV-AIDS, SARS, Ebola, Swine flu, rabies, and Bird flu.The exact mechanism that facilitates the transfer is unknown, however, it is believed that viruses with a rapid mutation rate are able to overcome host-specific immunological defenses. This can occur between species that have high contact rates. It can also occur between species with low contact rates but usually through an intermediary species. Bats, for example, are mammals and can directly transfer rabies to humans through bite and also through aerosolization of bat salvia and urine which are then absorbed by human mucous membranes in the nose, mouth and eyes.Similarity between species, for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by similar immunological defenses. Other factors include geographic area, intraspecies behaviours, and phylogenetic relatedness. Virus emergence relies on two factors: initial infection and sustained transmission.
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