Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Interaktioner mellan gnagare, sjukdomar och klimat, och dess risker
Document related concepts
Transcript
Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate, and the risks for public and animal health Mare Lõhmus Climate centrum / SMS / KMF National Veterinary Institute Uppsala, Sweden The source of many human and domestic animal infections is the wildlife reservoir Interactions between rodents diseases and climate Rodent susceptibility (e.g. genetic predisposition) Vectors Climate Pathogen status # of rodent infections Rodent density Distance to humans/animals Food availability Habitat quality Other host species Predator/rodent control influence Meerburg et al. 2009 Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35(3): 221-270, Fig. 2. Human susceptibility (varies over time) Disease burden in human populations Disease burden in animals Rodent prevention influence Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate Rodent susceptibility (e.g. genetic predisposition) Vectors Climate Pathogen status # of rodent infections Rodent density Distance to humans/animals Food availability Habitat quality Other host species Predator/rodent control influence Meerburg et al. 2009 Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35(3): 221-270, Fig. 2. Human susceptibility (varies over time) Disease burden in human populations Disease burden in animals Rodent prevention influence Climatic variables constrain… • the geographic range of infectious diseases precipitation temperature • intensity of disease outbreaks rate of maturation, and multiplication • timing of disease outbreaks survival Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate Rodent susceptibility (e.g. genetic predisposition) Vectors Climate Pathogen status # of rodent infections Rodent density Distance to humans/animals Food availability Habitat quality Other host species Predator/rodent control influence Meerburg et al. 2009 Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35(3): 221-270, Fig. 2. Human susceptibility (varies over time) Disease burden in human populations Disease burden in animals Rodent prevention influence Climate exerts a profound effect on the life-history of arthropod vectors • • • • Occurrence Metabolism Activity Reproduction Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate Rodent susceptibility (e.g. genetic predisposition) Vectors Climate Pathogen status # of rodent infections Rodent density Distance to humans/animals Food availability Habitat quality Other host species Predator/rodent control influence Meerburg et al. 2009 Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35(3): 221-270, Fig. 2. Human susceptibility (varies over time) Disease burden in human populations Disease burden in animals Rodent prevention influence Climate influences ecology and physiology of rodents through habitat quality and food availability • Occurrence of species specialists and generalists predators • Competition within species between species • Seasonal effects reproduction predators length of winter snow depth Changes in climate beneficial to rodents • ↑ land temperature → ↑ precipitation→ ↑ seeding • ↑ CO2 → ↑ plant biomass • ↑ land temperature → ↑ vegetative season Changes in climate disadvantageous to rodents • ↑ land temperature → ↓ snow Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate Rodent susceptibility (e.g. genetic predisposition) Vectors Climate Pathogen status # of rodent infections Rodent density Distance to humans/animals Food availability Habitat quality Other host species Predator/rodent control influence Meerburg et al. 2009 Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35(3): 221-270, Fig. 2. Human susceptibility (varies over time) Disease burden in human populations Disease burden in animals Rodent prevention influence Dilution effect Vector‐borne pathogens (specialists) Vectors (generalists) Increased biodiversity More incompetent host species Infected vectors Decreased exposure of competent hosts Effect of climate change New invading vectors More vectors Climate change Decreased biodiversity Fewer incompetent host species More pathogens New invading pathogens More infected vectors Greater exposure of competent hosts Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate Rodent susceptibility (e.g. genetic predisposition) Vectors Climate Pathogen status # of rodent infections Rodent density Distance to humans/animals Food availability Habitat quality Other host species Predator/rodent control influence Meerburg et al. 2009 Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35(3): 221-270, Fig. 2. Human susceptibility (varies over time) Disease burden in human populations Disease burden in animals Rodent prevention influence Genotype/pathogen interactions: Red Queen dynamics Pathogen type A ↑ Selection with in the host to gain resistance to A ↑ → → Pathogen type A↓; Selective advantage of type B↑ Selection with in the host to gain resistance to B ↑ Pathogen type B↓ Pathogen A Pathogen B → Interactions between rodent borne diseases and climate Rodent susceptibility (e.g. genetic predisposition) Vectors Climate Pathogen status # of rodent infections Rodent density Distance to humans/animals Food availability Habitat quality Other host species Predator/rodent control influence Meerburg et al. 2009 Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35(3): 221-270, Fig. 2. Human susceptibility (varies over time) Disease burden in human populations Disease burden in animals Rodent prevention influence Dispersal of rodent-borne zoonoses Rodent Rodent Arthropod Livestock Food products Human Human Meerburg et al. 2009 Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35(3): 221-270, Fig. 1. Climate change is likely to cause • • geographic expansion of infections geographic expansion of vectors • increased uncertainty around the occurrence and outcome of disease outbreaks increased occurrence of rodents in urban and farm landscape • • decreased occurrence of rodents in wild landscapes • decreased biodiversity = decreased dilution effect Thanks!
