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Comment by:  Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger

... The IWG2010 report noted that, concerning the low end of the ECS distribution, its determination reflected a greater degree of certainty that a low ECS value could be excluded than did the IPCC. From the IWG2010 (p. 14): “Finally, we note the IPCC judgment that the equilibrium climate sensitivity “i ...
Corporate ppt template - Global Carbon Project
Corporate ppt template - Global Carbon Project

... changes (K) relative to 2000 30-year means ...
Not a Problem, Someone Else`s Problem, My Problem or Our
Not a Problem, Someone Else`s Problem, My Problem or Our

... effective contributions to mitigation in the New Zealand context. 2. People’s ideologies and world views, as well as social norms and networks, have a fundamental impact on how they receive and respond to information about climate change. As social creatures, people depend on group association and ...
Projected change in climate thresholds in the northeastern United
Projected change in climate thresholds in the northeastern United

... capitata), and maple syrup (sugar maple, Acer saccharum). We used statistically downscaled climate projections (Hayhoe et al. 2007a) generated by the HadCM3 atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, run with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change future emissions scenarios A1fi (higher) and B1 ...
Short CV Camilla Margareta Andersson
Short CV Camilla Margareta Andersson

... Andersson, C., m.fl. “A new regional CTM with aerosol dynamics”. Proceedings of the Air Quality conference in Athens, Greece. Jönsson, O., Andersson, C., Forsberg, B. and Johansson, C. “Health impact and high air pollution episodes due to major source regions in Europe related to current emission in ...
Water and Climate in the Pacific Northwest
Water and Climate in the Pacific Northwest

... east of the Cascades, where warm air required for ascent (a key element of thunderstorm development) is more free to mix with cold air aloft, triggering these events. We’ve covered where and when precipitation tends to fall, and when, but temperature also plays a crucial role in water and climate in ...
Climate Topline Mess.. - The Regeneration Project
Climate Topline Mess.. - The Regeneration Project

... tipping points in the natural world from which we may not recover. Only by capping carbon pollution and reducing the impacts of global warming now, can we advance a new clean energy future for America for generations to come. ...
Contribution Of UK Aviation To Climate Change
Contribution Of UK Aviation To Climate Change

... By 2020 aviation emissions are due to increase by 50% (7). By 2040 – even after allowing for (an optimistic) 50% improvement in aircraft fuel efficiency – aviation emissions are due to be double the present level. (7) By 2050 every other industry is due to cut emissions by 60%. The Tyndall Centre fo ...
Activity 2.1: Historical Climate Cycles
Activity 2.1: Historical Climate Cycles

... less than 1 degree Celsius warmer than today. If temperatures were to rise 2 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial times, global mean temperature would far exceed that of the Eemian, when sea level was four to six meters higher than today, Hansen said. ...
draft proposal - Stockholm Environment Institute
draft proposal - Stockholm Environment Institute

... The health and environmental effects associated with air pollution – particularly in developing nations – are so significant that there is an urgent need to promote more effective international systems and frameworks for addressing these problems at the local, regional and hemispheric scales. At the ...
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here - CISDL

... trade-offs between hard and soft law were brought up, especially as they relate to issues of norms change, durable solutions, and defining the problem that people want to solve. Session 5: Opportunities for Linkages and Moving Forward. Conor Linehan (IBA Taskforce) began the fifth session by discus ...
The new climate message
The new climate message

... make that happen. Cut the dates and figures. Dates, percentages and figures come in action plans, not visions. A 20% cut by 2020 isn’t a vision, it’s a target. Put all the targets together and imagine what the world would be like if we met and exceeded them: that’s a vision. The second step in our n ...
News release - University of Texas Marine Science Institute
News release - University of Texas Marine Science Institute

... Australia commented, “This study is one of the first to statistically synthesize the literature on wind trends in these critical marine environments.” Drs. Schoeman and Sydeman were also contributing authors to the new chapter on ocean ecosystems (Chapter 30) for the Intergovernmental Panel on Clima ...
Decision 1/CMP.6 The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of
Decision 1/CMP.6 The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of

... Urges Annex I Parties to raise the level of ambition of the emission reductions to be achieved by them individually or jointly, with a view to reducing their aggregate level of emissions of greenhouse gases in accordance with the range indicated by Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report o ...
China’s growth, China’s cities, and the new global low-carbon industrial revolution: November 2010 (347 kB) (opens in new window)
China’s growth, China’s cities, and the new global low-carbon industrial revolution: November 2010 (347 kB) (opens in new window)

... ‘Business as usual’ (BAU) for the next few decades will bring grave risks. Greenhouse gas concentrations (or stocks) have increased to around 435 parts per million (ppm) of carbon-dioxide-equivalent (CO2e). If we continued with BAU for a century we would add at least 300 ppm, taking concentrations t ...
Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel
Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel

... • Current status / recent progress • Plans for the next phase / contributions to deliverables and milestones ...
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Climate and land use change impacts on global terrestrial

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"A Broader View of the Role of Humans in the... Assessment of Costs and Benefits of Effective Climate Policy"

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LAO The Governor’s Climate Change Initiative Presented To:

... Renewables Portfolio Standard. Plan for an acceleration of the Renewables Portfolio Standard from the current goal of 20 percent renewable energy by 2017 to: 20 percent by 2010, and 33 percent by 2020. California Solar Initiative. Add 3,000 megawatts of solar energy by 2017. Energy Efficiency. Expan ...
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What’s New in the Energy Volume

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NAFTA and Climate Change
NAFTA and Climate Change

... aims to cut emissions in half by 2050. Distributional concerns also complicate Mexican policy but in a somewhat different way than its northern neighbors. Mexican policy has largely been top-down, and the focus is on technology deployment, forestry, and capacity building rather than carbon pricing o ...
American Academy of Pediatrics • American Heart Association
American Academy of Pediatrics • American Heart Association

... and health of millions. Consequently, the nation has a short window to act to reduce those threats. On November 2nd, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued its most recent policy assessment of current observations and analyses about the changing climate. The IPCC found: “Continued emis ...
A Conceptual Tool for Climate Change Risk Assessment
A Conceptual Tool for Climate Change Risk Assessment

... Understanding the potential consequences of climate change to society is extremely challenging because climate impacts will depend on a multitude of contributing factors that interact in complicated ways and that are characterized by varying degrees of uncertainty (Moss 2011). For example, the risk ...
The Role of Landscape Processes within the Climate System
The Role of Landscape Processes within the Climate System

Changing Climate: Pre-visit lesson 2
Changing Climate: Pre-visit lesson 2

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Scientific opinion on climate change



The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.
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