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The Tragedy of the Risk
The Tragedy of the Risk

... less inconsistent with the science-illiteracy theory prediction that those who scored higher in science literacy would be significantly more concerned. There was also a small negative correlation between numeracy and climate-change risk (r = -0.09, p < 0.01)—a result inconsistent with the “bounded ...
Reducing Global Carbon: Creating an American Policy
Reducing Global Carbon: Creating an American Policy

... report, released in 1990, calculated that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions had been responsible for more than half of the greenhouse gas effect. As of 2006, the United States, China, and European Union (EU) consume 56% of global CO2 emissions (Brinkley & Less, 2010). Figure 1, below, shows that CO2 le ...
national climate change policy
national climate change policy

... irrigation infrastructure in the country to make it resilient to climate change related extreme events; c. Identify new potential dam sites to keep the option open to develop new ...
Beyond species distribution modeling: A
Beyond species distribution modeling: A

... grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus, in the Iberian Peninsula (hereafter Iberia). Bats have been suggested as good indicators of the effects of environmental changes on biodiversity because of their high diversity, wide habitat use, role as top predators, and sensitivity to disturbance (Jones e ...
Media Attention for Climate Change around the World: Data
Media Attention for Climate Change around the World: Data

... Abstract  Climate change is a global phenomenon, and its outcomes affect societies around the world. So far,  however, studies on media representations of climate change have mostly concentrated on Western  societies.  This  paper  will  go  beyond  this  limited  geographical  scope  by  presenting ...
Formation and evolution of the periglacial landscape under major
Formation and evolution of the periglacial landscape under major

... increasingly abundant. The fate of this ground-ice reservoir is tied to dramatic global climate change during the recent history of Mars (<10 Myr). The planet is thought to have undergone periodic variations of its orbital parameters deeply modifying the climate like Milankovitch’s cycles on Earth. ...
Groundwater and climate in Africa—a review
Groundwater and climate in Africa—a review

... Strong relationships are observed between negative rainfall anomalies and declining groundwater recharge in the River Niger Basin (Mahé, 2009) and reduced baseflow discharges in the Central Kenyan Rift (Olago et al., 2009). Mahé (2009) shows further that falling water tables in West Africa produce d ...
Vulnerability of land cover and land use due to progress of
Vulnerability of land cover and land use due to progress of

... benefits" (Bala et al., 2007; Bonan, 2008). Forests have a lower albedo than crops (e.g. coniferous forests: 0.14 vs. crops: 0.24; Breuer et al., 2003). In addition, evergreen coniferous forest canopy masks highly reflective winter snow cover. Consequently, the lower albedo of forest cover may cause ...
Abstract Book The Human Side of Climate Change Bergen 16
Abstract Book The Human Side of Climate Change Bergen 16

... policy to various audiences? Experiences with communicating AR5 results to various types of audiences from the perspective of an author of the WG1 Summary for Policymakers will be summarised. Eystein Jansen is professor of Earth Science at the University of Bergen, with expertise in past climates an ...
Potential Vegetation and Carbon Redistribution in Northern North
Potential Vegetation and Carbon Redistribution in Northern North

... forest dynamics [37], so the highest resolution climate change data set available with the inputs necessary to drive ED was chosen. The climate attributes that drive ED are specific humidity, surface temperature, precipitation, and photosynthetically active radiation. Though new climate change datas ...
Nox and Sox Emissions and Climate Changes
Nox and Sox Emissions and Climate Changes

... and diesel trucks and upcoming standards for new offroad diesel equipment will eliminate more than 80% of their VOC, NOx and soot emissions during the next few decades, even after accounting for growth in total driving. Dozens of other federal and state requirements will eliminate most remaining emi ...
Final Project Overview:
Final Project Overview:

... 7. Have them consider the effects of carbon dioxide as a greenhouse grass contributing to climate change. Define Learners: The audience will consist of approximately 36 to 40 freshmen students in one section of Earth/Space Science. At one sample school we teach three classes of 90-minute blocks last ...
Young people`s burden: Requirement of
Young people`s burden: Requirement of

... Global temperature has just reached a level similar to the mean level in the prior interglacial (Eemian) period, when sea level was several meters higher than today, and, if it long remains at this level, slow amplifying feedbacks will lead to greater climate change and consequences. The growth rate ...
The EC-Earth modelling challenges
The EC-Earth modelling challenges

Effect of Global Warming and Climate Change on Coastal Zones
Effect of Global Warming and Climate Change on Coastal Zones

... since the industrial revolution are overriding this natural variability and leading to irreversible climate change in the global climate system that supports the planet’s basic life support functions.1 Emergence of global warming due to climate change is the new and most talked subject of the day an ...
Building up for Paris - Green European Foundation
Building up for Paris - Green European Foundation

... therefore seen as part of adaptation.7 This causes problems as slow onset events such as ocean acidification and extreme weather events like typhoons are consequences of climate change, which do not allow adequate adaptation. The stakes are very high for the Conference in Paris, because as a result ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)

... Morocco’s   commitment   is   to   reduce   its   GHG   emissions   by   32  %   by   2030   compared   to   “business  as  usual”  projected  emissions.  This  commitment  is  contingent  upon  gaining  access   to  new  sources  of  fin ...
REC Powerpoint template
REC Powerpoint template

... • In Europe is it increasing faster than on average in the world • Decreasing precipitation + changed precipitation pattern • Increased occurrence of extreme events • Vulnerability of water secor, biodiversity, human health, energy sector, through lost of infrastructure – any other sectors, tourism, ...
skeptical science - The Science and Public Policy Institute
skeptical science - The Science and Public Policy Institute

... Moreover, the U.S. temperatures are what the Americans should be primarily interested in, anyway. The idea that the global temperatures are more important for the Americans than the national/regional/local ones is preposterous. 19. It's just a natural cycle: Cook claims that the "recent global warmi ...
Bangladesh Climate Change Fund - European Capacity Building
Bangladesh Climate Change Fund - European Capacity Building

... Handling the BCCRF day-to-day operations, including coordination with the Technical Committee and BoT, maintaining records of the BoT’s business, including meeting minutes, decisions, and amendment of the Operational ...
Regulatory Watchdogs Call for Oversight Reform | Heartlander Ma
Regulatory Watchdogs Call for Oversight Reform | Heartlander Ma

... addition to a stronger OIRA, in order to get a real significant change in the quality of analysis and information about regulations,” Ellig said. “That will probably require putting some type of standards for analysis in statute and making them enforceable in court.” Ken Glozer, a former deputy asso ...
MAPPING CLIMATE CHANGE AND SECURITY IN NORTH AFRICA
MAPPING CLIMATE CHANGE AND SECURITY IN NORTH AFRICA

... As for migration, rough calculations suggest that additional climate-related migrants from Africa to Europe between today and 2050 (as a result of changing agricultural yields) are likely to be relatively few compared to the number of migrants likely to migrate in any case because of rising populat ...
36 AFRICAN EAST-ASIAN AFFAIRS *Ye Yu is Assistant Director at
36 AFRICAN EAST-ASIAN AFFAIRS *Ye Yu is Assistant Director at

... depend on the leverage of public policies or resources, in which developed countries must play a leading role. Considering the current world economic situation and the efficiency, it is more problematic how private investment could be encouraged rather than whether they are needed. In fact, private ...
Natural Processes in Mitigation of CO2 and CH4 Emission
Natural Processes in Mitigation of CO2 and CH4 Emission

... of energy is the most favourable solution (Matthews and Themelis 2007, Ahmed et al. 2015, Bagner i Matthews 2003, Themelis et al. 2002). Another interesting method is intensifying the process of methane production by introducing municipal sewage sludge to a landfill (Pawlowska and Siepak 2006). Land ...
Module e – Impact assessment
Module e – Impact assessment

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Scientific opinion on climate change



The scientific opinion on climate change is the overall judgment amongst scientists about whether global warming is happening, and if so, its causes and probable consequences. This scientific opinion is expressed in synthesis reports, by scientific bodies of national or international standing, and by surveys of opinion among climate scientists. Individual scientists, universities, and laboratories contribute to the overall scientific opinion via their peer-reviewed publications, and the areas of collective agreement and relative certainty are summarised in these high level reports and surveys.The scientific consensus is that the Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, and that it is extremely likely (at least 95% probability) that humans are causing most of it through activities that increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels. In addition, it is likely that some potential further greenhouse gas warming has been offset by increased aerosols.National and international science academies and scientific societies have assessed current scientific opinion on global warming. These assessments are generally consistent with the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report summarized:Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.Benefits and costs of climate change for [human] society will vary widely by location and scale. Some of the effects in temperate and polar regions will be positive and others elsewhere will be negative. Overall, net effects are more likely to be strongly negative with larger or more rapid warming.The range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.The resilience of many ecosystems is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g. flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification) and other global change drivers (e.g. land-use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, over-exploitation of resources).Some scientific bodies have recommended specific policies to governments and science can play a role in informing an effective response to climate change, however, policy decisions may require value judgements and so are not included in the scientific opinion.No scientific body of national or international standing maintains a formal opinion dissenting from any of these main points. The last national or international scientific body to drop dissent was the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, which in 2007 updated its statement to its current non-committal position. Some other organizations, primarily those focusing on geology, also hold non-committal positions.
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