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Situation update - Middle Eastern Respiratory syndrome coronavirus
... contact tracing and follow-up. Imported cases have also been reported in Europe, North America and Asia but no cases have been reported in Australia to date. Person-to-person spread of MERS-CoV occurs mostly in health care settings and to a lesser extent within households. As always, it is important ...
... contact tracing and follow-up. Imported cases have also been reported in Europe, North America and Asia but no cases have been reported in Australia to date. Person-to-person spread of MERS-CoV occurs mostly in health care settings and to a lesser extent within households. As always, it is important ...
Pathogenesis of infection
... makeup intermittently to evade the host immune system (e.g. borrelias and trypanosomes). The genetic determinants of microbial pathogenicity are complex. In bacteria, the genes coding for toxin production may be on the chromosome, on the plasmids (extrachromosomal DNA) or even in a bacteriophage. Ex ...
... makeup intermittently to evade the host immune system (e.g. borrelias and trypanosomes). The genetic determinants of microbial pathogenicity are complex. In bacteria, the genes coding for toxin production may be on the chromosome, on the plasmids (extrachromosomal DNA) or even in a bacteriophage. Ex ...
Animal and Human Bites of the Hand
... animal bite. In the United States, unlike the rest of the world, wild animals such as bats, skunks, raccoons, and foxes spread more than 90% of rabies infection. Report animal bites to your public health department. They may ask your assistance in locating the animal so that it can be confined and o ...
... animal bite. In the United States, unlike the rest of the world, wild animals such as bats, skunks, raccoons, and foxes spread more than 90% of rabies infection. Report animal bites to your public health department. They may ask your assistance in locating the animal so that it can be confined and o ...
Revised: February 2014 AN: 01388/2013 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT
... at intervals of 48 hours in cattle and 72 hours in sheep if necessary. Treatment should be repeated at 24 hourly intervals in dogs, cats and horses. Even if only one eye is affected, it may be advisable to treat both eyes; the unaffected eye first to avoid transmitting the infection. ...
... at intervals of 48 hours in cattle and 72 hours in sheep if necessary. Treatment should be repeated at 24 hourly intervals in dogs, cats and horses. Even if only one eye is affected, it may be advisable to treat both eyes; the unaffected eye first to avoid transmitting the infection. ...
Home hygiene, pets and other domestic animals
... infected with Salmonella spp. showed that, in 34% of homes, there was also illness in another family member. The data indicated that environmental sources, infected family members and also pets, are more significant risk factors for development of salmonellosis in these children than contaminated fo ...
... infected with Salmonella spp. showed that, in 34% of homes, there was also illness in another family member. The data indicated that environmental sources, infected family members and also pets, are more significant risk factors for development of salmonellosis in these children than contaminated fo ...
Ebola virus disease Key facts Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly
... Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals. In Africa, infection has been documented through the handling of infected chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines foun ...
... Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals. In Africa, infection has been documented through the handling of infected chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines foun ...
Epidemiological aspects of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
... The first of two projects was a postal survey involving 400 beef farmers in the Hunterville and Gisborne districts. A questionnaire was sent out to determine management practices which might influence the occurrence of IBK and to obtain an impression of the impact of the disease on the farming indus ...
... The first of two projects was a postal survey involving 400 beef farmers in the Hunterville and Gisborne districts. A questionnaire was sent out to determine management practices which might influence the occurrence of IBK and to obtain an impression of the impact of the disease on the farming indus ...
brucellosis - Catherine Huff`s Site
... The Rapid Slide Agglutination Test (RSAT) is a widely used screening test for brucellosis in dogs. A blood sample is taken from the dog to be tested, and serum is separated. Patient serum is mixed with heat-killed Brucella ovis on a microscope slide. B. ovis is used because it is similar to B. cani ...
... The Rapid Slide Agglutination Test (RSAT) is a widely used screening test for brucellosis in dogs. A blood sample is taken from the dog to be tested, and serum is separated. Patient serum is mixed with heat-killed Brucella ovis on a microscope slide. B. ovis is used because it is similar to B. cani ...
Eukaryotic Parasites - UAB School of Optometry
... d. Person who has one worm that puts out 200,000 eggs per day, person is not infectious i. Person can handle food because eggs have to be in soil for a few weeks e. Eggs hatch in duodenum, larvae penetrate intestine, enter bloodstream, migrate through lungs, get coughed up and swallowed f. Case in 1 ...
... d. Person who has one worm that puts out 200,000 eggs per day, person is not infectious i. Person can handle food because eggs have to be in soil for a few weeks e. Eggs hatch in duodenum, larvae penetrate intestine, enter bloodstream, migrate through lungs, get coughed up and swallowed f. Case in 1 ...
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHF) - Center for Animal Health and
... fever (HF), Marburg HF, Lassa fever, and CrimeanCongo HF. How are they spread from animals to humans? • Lassa HF: The natural reservoir for Lassa HF is a specific genus of rodent found in western, central, and eastern Africa. Humans become infected through direct contact with objects contaminated wi ...
... fever (HF), Marburg HF, Lassa fever, and CrimeanCongo HF. How are they spread from animals to humans? • Lassa HF: The natural reservoir for Lassa HF is a specific genus of rodent found in western, central, and eastern Africa. Humans become infected through direct contact with objects contaminated wi ...
Latent TB Infection (LTBI) - Colorado Health and Environmental Data
... Until Robert Koch's discovery of the TB bacteria in 1882, many scientists believed that TB was hereditary and could not be prevented Koch’s discovery brought hopes for a cure but also bred fear of contagion A person with TB was frequently labeled an outcast ...
... Until Robert Koch's discovery of the TB bacteria in 1882, many scientists believed that TB was hereditary and could not be prevented Koch’s discovery brought hopes for a cure but also bred fear of contagion A person with TB was frequently labeled an outcast ...
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr)
... • MARKER VACCINES. These are missing a glycoprotein (gE) on the virus surface, which means that it is possible to tell the difference between an animal that was vaccinated and those which were naturally infected. This is important if eradication of IBR from the herd is to be attempted. In youngstock ...
... • MARKER VACCINES. These are missing a glycoprotein (gE) on the virus surface, which means that it is possible to tell the difference between an animal that was vaccinated and those which were naturally infected. This is important if eradication of IBR from the herd is to be attempted. In youngstock ...
Bovine Respiratory Disease - University of Arkansas Division of
... BRD at receiving. Depending on the product used, the mass medication can last for a few days up to two weeks. After the initial treatment, only animals with continued clinical signs will receive additional anti biotics. This type of therapy must be documented vi ...
... BRD at receiving. Depending on the product used, the mass medication can last for a few days up to two weeks. After the initial treatment, only animals with continued clinical signs will receive additional anti biotics. This type of therapy must be documented vi ...
Lecture 6- Bacteria- Phathogenesis
... A. Definitions B. Generalized Stages of Infection C. Virulence Factors and Toxins ...
... A. Definitions B. Generalized Stages of Infection C. Virulence Factors and Toxins ...
Lab 3 Microparasites
... agriculural agencies, water quality technicians and environmental groups. The Lethbridge area is considered one of the most high-risk areas in Canada for an outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis, due mostly to the numbers of cattle feed-lots and our climatic conditions. It is generally a non-lethal disease ...
... agriculural agencies, water quality technicians and environmental groups. The Lethbridge area is considered one of the most high-risk areas in Canada for an outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis, due mostly to the numbers of cattle feed-lots and our climatic conditions. It is generally a non-lethal disease ...
HEMOBARTONELLOSIS (FELINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA)
... detected microscopically by its characteristic form on the surface of stained red blood cells. It is a very small organism and can be difficult to observe especially when relatively few red cells are infected. The proportion of infected cells can fluctuate from day to day. Because the organism can s ...
... detected microscopically by its characteristic form on the surface of stained red blood cells. It is a very small organism and can be difficult to observe especially when relatively few red cells are infected. The proportion of infected cells can fluctuate from day to day. Because the organism can s ...
Ear Notch
... • Prevalent in 20% of US herds • 5-20% of ALL dairy cattle infected – 25-30% of all herds – increasing in both dairy and beef – sheep, goats and deer also susceptible ...
... • Prevalent in 20% of US herds • 5-20% of ALL dairy cattle infected – 25-30% of all herds – increasing in both dairy and beef – sheep, goats and deer also susceptible ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.