The Impact of Economic Structural Adjustment Programs [ESAPs] on
... accounts for one tenth of the world population, it generates almost half of the world's displaced people and refugees most of whom are women and children. The International monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) capitalist model of development operationalized through economic structural adjustment ...
... accounts for one tenth of the world population, it generates almost half of the world's displaced people and refugees most of whom are women and children. The International monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) capitalist model of development operationalized through economic structural adjustment ...
ECON2915 Economic Growth
... Learning by doing: Increases in productivity in a particular production activity that are realized through experience in that activity. “Country has a comparative disadvantage in industry X now because it has no experience in it. If people get a chance to work at it, after a few years they’ll have t ...
... Learning by doing: Increases in productivity in a particular production activity that are realized through experience in that activity. “Country has a comparative disadvantage in industry X now because it has no experience in it. If people get a chance to work at it, after a few years they’ll have t ...
The Nordic model of economic development: shocks
... economies, on top of the high equality in labor market outcomes, also redistribute extensively via high public welfare spending. For instance, how can high-skilled human capital agents have preferences for a model in which their labor incomes are lower than they would be with higher wage dispersion ...
... economies, on top of the high equality in labor market outcomes, also redistribute extensively via high public welfare spending. For instance, how can high-skilled human capital agents have preferences for a model in which their labor incomes are lower than they would be with higher wage dispersion ...
To What Extent Should Government Ensure Citizen Well
... While the analyses so far focus significantly on economic factors, we also examined and found evidence for an effect of regime type. Specifically, figure 5 shows that not only does the level of GDP increase support for the role of the state in welfare provision, but the level of democracy does as we ...
... While the analyses so far focus significantly on economic factors, we also examined and found evidence for an effect of regime type. Specifically, figure 5 shows that not only does the level of GDP increase support for the role of the state in welfare provision, but the level of democracy does as we ...
Equal opportunities for children - Institute for Research on Poverty
... to nearly 8 times the family’s net income, the -21.9 percent in column 5 that the average child in the highest quintile loses nearly 22 percent of market income through welfare state transfers and taxes. The 3.6 percent in the last column shows that in Australia families with children pay just a lit ...
... to nearly 8 times the family’s net income, the -21.9 percent in column 5 that the average child in the highest quintile loses nearly 22 percent of market income through welfare state transfers and taxes. The 3.6 percent in the last column shows that in Australia families with children pay just a lit ...
The Impact of Transition to the Market Economy
... unemployment continued to rise (Interfax, 1995: 22). Despite its record-breaking economic growth, China has also been facing mounting pressure from unemployment. In Vietnam, as in China, dynamic economic growth has not prevented a rise in unemployment: urban unemployment in early 1995 was estimated ...
... unemployment continued to rise (Interfax, 1995: 22). Despite its record-breaking economic growth, China has also been facing mounting pressure from unemployment. In Vietnam, as in China, dynamic economic growth has not prevented a rise in unemployment: urban unemployment in early 1995 was estimated ...
DEPARTEMENT D`ECONOMIE
... coherent. However, there exists a large literature showing the existence of numerous and systematic incoherences in the preferences of the individual (see Kahneman & Tversky (2000) and Camerer (2003)), such as framing effects: the different interpretations of the preference-satisfaction criterion do ...
... coherent. However, there exists a large literature showing the existence of numerous and systematic incoherences in the preferences of the individual (see Kahneman & Tversky (2000) and Camerer (2003)), such as framing effects: the different interpretations of the preference-satisfaction criterion do ...
Thinking About Capitalism
... it must receive assistance from the bourgeois state in taming the more intractable forms of use-value and collective human resistance to the point that the market’s ‘dull compulsion,’ under the prevailing capital–labour relation, can successfully reproduce material economic life. Such an approach is ...
... it must receive assistance from the bourgeois state in taming the more intractable forms of use-value and collective human resistance to the point that the market’s ‘dull compulsion,’ under the prevailing capital–labour relation, can successfully reproduce material economic life. Such an approach is ...
Read the Full Article - Independent Institute
... the subdiscipline of public choice have shown that many factors prevent collective decisions from generating an optimal result. The median-voter model, explained well by Anthony Downs (1957), is a standard description of the outcome produced by representative democracy. Democratic decision making, e ...
... the subdiscipline of public choice have shown that many factors prevent collective decisions from generating an optimal result. The median-voter model, explained well by Anthony Downs (1957), is a standard description of the outcome produced by representative democracy. Democratic decision making, e ...
The Political Origins of Our Economic Discontents
... liabilities and partly in response to international developments of which large increases in commodity prices and the collapse of the Bretton Woods monetary regime were the most important. 1 The result was stagflation, characterized by high levels of unemployment and inflation. In response to it gov ...
... liabilities and partly in response to international developments of which large increases in commodity prices and the collapse of the Bretton Woods monetary regime were the most important. 1 The result was stagflation, characterized by high levels of unemployment and inflation. In response to it gov ...
Presentazione di PowerPoint
... automatic enrolment for all employed workers in the private sector default contribution rate : about 6,91% (the annual accrual of severance pay: the “TFR” - Trattamento di Fine Rapporto” Possibility to opt-out for individual workers and keep the TFR as it is For “large” firms (over 50 employee ...
... automatic enrolment for all employed workers in the private sector default contribution rate : about 6,91% (the annual accrual of severance pay: the “TFR” - Trattamento di Fine Rapporto” Possibility to opt-out for individual workers and keep the TFR as it is For “large” firms (over 50 employee ...
Executive summary - independent.gov.uk
... In order to compare welfare spending in the UK with that in other advanced countries, we need to define the scope of spending to be covered and to locate data that is sufficiently consistent to make comparisons meaningful. We focus on two sources in this report: the OECD’s social expenditure databas ...
... In order to compare welfare spending in the UK with that in other advanced countries, we need to define the scope of spending to be covered and to locate data that is sufficiently consistent to make comparisons meaningful. We focus on two sources in this report: the OECD’s social expenditure databas ...
Economic Democracy in the 21 st Century
... capital or their owners (this, and not ownership over the means of production of its own accord, is the “fundamental relation of production” in contemporary capitalism). Yet, neither one nor the other is even remotely close (and objectively never has been close) to being an indispensable, integral e ...
... capital or their owners (this, and not ownership over the means of production of its own accord, is the “fundamental relation of production” in contemporary capitalism). Yet, neither one nor the other is even remotely close (and objectively never has been close) to being an indispensable, integral e ...
Institutional Competitiveness in the Global Economy
... Neoliberals have long argued that in advanced capitalist countries high taxes, large state budgets, generous welfare states, and heavy economic regulation will drive away the investment capital that is needed for developing new technologies, products, and industries, improving labor productivity, s ...
... Neoliberals have long argued that in advanced capitalist countries high taxes, large state budgets, generous welfare states, and heavy economic regulation will drive away the investment capital that is needed for developing new technologies, products, and industries, improving labor productivity, s ...
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... households may be myopic, but the heightened concern as to ‘ageing’ may bring home the necessity for making life cycle provision. It is also true that perverse incentives may encourage individuals to retire early or to save less, driving a wedge between private and social optima. In principle, tax a ...
... households may be myopic, but the heightened concern as to ‘ageing’ may bring home the necessity for making life cycle provision. It is also true that perverse incentives may encourage individuals to retire early or to save less, driving a wedge between private and social optima. In principle, tax a ...
Contemporary Capitalism
... deployed to counteract permanent stagnation. This interpretations reflected a commonly asked question in radical political economy circles with the emergence of the so-called Keynesian welfare state: ‘has capitalism changed?’ (Strachey 1957; Tsuru 1961).Theorists for the communist parties in particu ...
... deployed to counteract permanent stagnation. This interpretations reflected a commonly asked question in radical political economy circles with the emergence of the so-called Keynesian welfare state: ‘has capitalism changed?’ (Strachey 1957; Tsuru 1961).Theorists for the communist parties in particu ...
Heading for presentation - Chartered Institute of Housing
... • Trend output is now expected to be 13% smaller in 2016 than had been forecast in Budget 2008 – The economy will be about £200 billion smaller than ...
... • Trend output is now expected to be 13% smaller in 2016 than had been forecast in Budget 2008 – The economy will be about £200 billion smaller than ...
powerpoint slides here
... • January 1998 notified the SPS Committee of its plans to introduce new legislation • No Codex standard at the time • Impact on developing countries potentially severe – e.g. Ghana pointed out that 80% of its exports were of groundnuts, and that the impact on trade could be severe – World Bank sugge ...
... • January 1998 notified the SPS Committee of its plans to introduce new legislation • No Codex standard at the time • Impact on developing countries potentially severe – e.g. Ghana pointed out that 80% of its exports were of groundnuts, and that the impact on trade could be severe – World Bank sugge ...
The Allocation of Agricultural Biotechnology Productivity Gains
... productivity gain from and innovation, and redistributes welfare benefits among sectors, it affects the distribution of productivity benefits between sectors in only a trivial way (as for instance, due to share changes in Tornquist-Theil producitvity measurement.) ...
... productivity gain from and innovation, and redistributes welfare benefits among sectors, it affects the distribution of productivity benefits between sectors in only a trivial way (as for instance, due to share changes in Tornquist-Theil producitvity measurement.) ...
Choosing the Path of Austerity: How Policy Coalitions Shape
... First, the strong left parties found mainly in the Nordic countries, which were central to the foundation and expansion of the welfare state in their historical alliance with the trade union movement, may also be best able to cut it back. They are more trustworthy; they are better able to convince ...
... First, the strong left parties found mainly in the Nordic countries, which were central to the foundation and expansion of the welfare state in their historical alliance with the trade union movement, may also be best able to cut it back. They are more trustworthy; they are better able to convince ...
Speaking Notes for TUAC Presentation on Economic Policy and
... affordable quality care for all. We must assure choice of providers and effectively control rising health care costs. And we must finance health care equitably. ...
... affordable quality care for all. We must assure choice of providers and effectively control rising health care costs. And we must finance health care equitably. ...
Universalizing Social Protection in India: Issues and Challenges
... The protective social security measures were envisaged by a variety of legislative measures, which date back to the pre-Independence era and have been largely aimed at organized sector workers. Some of the important legislations were: Employees State Insurance Act; Employees Provident Funds and Misc ...
... The protective social security measures were envisaged by a variety of legislative measures, which date back to the pre-Independence era and have been largely aimed at organized sector workers. Some of the important legislations were: Employees State Insurance Act; Employees Provident Funds and Misc ...
When is an Innovation? Recent Pension Reform in France, Germany
... Andersen identifies ‘three highly-diverse regime-types, each organized around its own discrete logic of organization, stratification and societal integration’ (1990, p.3). Other writers have debated the existence of other regime types (for example Leibfried, 1990; Castles and Mitchell, 1990; Kwon, ...
... Andersen identifies ‘three highly-diverse regime-types, each organized around its own discrete logic of organization, stratification and societal integration’ (1990, p.3). Other writers have debated the existence of other regime types (for example Leibfried, 1990; Castles and Mitchell, 1990; Kwon, ...
Uneven Gains and Unbalanced Burdens? Three Decades of
... In fact, the principal source of overall fitness gains is a form of Darwinian evolutionary succession—sifting and sorting—in which the population of the “fittest” grows and prospers, but the population of those least fit, and least globally engaged, shrinks (and shrinks faster than it used to). In t ...
... In fact, the principal source of overall fitness gains is a form of Darwinian evolutionary succession—sifting and sorting—in which the population of the “fittest” grows and prospers, but the population of those least fit, and least globally engaged, shrinks (and shrinks faster than it used to). In t ...