General Introduction: The Limits of GDP as a Measure of
... • take into account distribution across population groups; • Address sustainability of well-being (i.e. ‘later’ ) and impacts ‘elsewhere’ (footprints) ...
... • take into account distribution across population groups; • Address sustainability of well-being (i.e. ‘later’ ) and impacts ‘elsewhere’ (footprints) ...
THE WELFARE STATE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
... such as the alleviation of poverty, the redistribution of income across the life cycle, and the provision of a sense of security. The positive contribution of the Welfare State clearly forms part of the overall balance sheet. A cut in government spending may well reduce the extent to which social ob ...
... such as the alleviation of poverty, the redistribution of income across the life cycle, and the provision of a sense of security. The positive contribution of the Welfare State clearly forms part of the overall balance sheet. A cut in government spending may well reduce the extent to which social ob ...
Chapter 29 Government Spending
... What is a Public Good? What is a Merit Good? What is a Transfer Payment? What is Welfare? What is Medicaid? What is Social Security? What is Medicare? What percent of GDP does the government spend? ...
... What is a Public Good? What is a Merit Good? What is a Transfer Payment? What is Welfare? What is Medicaid? What is Social Security? What is Medicare? What percent of GDP does the government spend? ...
Aalborg Universitet Crisis Management in Thailand Schmidt, Johannes Dragsbæk
... However, the economy has not improved. The year 2001 has been characterized by increasing unemployment, growing government debt, and non-performing loans. The recession has proved more sustained and harder to resolve, as present problems are different than when the crisis took off. In 1998, a boomin ...
... However, the economy has not improved. The year 2001 has been characterized by increasing unemployment, growing government debt, and non-performing loans. The recession has proved more sustained and harder to resolve, as present problems are different than when the crisis took off. In 1998, a boomin ...
Aalborg Universitet Coping with Reality Madsen, Poul Thøis
... 1. Briefly on theory versus reality in economic textbooks Economic textbooks (as well as textbooks of other disciplines) represent a more or less general consensus on what constitutes the core of the trade. The most well-known theories (often called ‘models’ by economists) are presented here. It is ...
... 1. Briefly on theory versus reality in economic textbooks Economic textbooks (as well as textbooks of other disciplines) represent a more or less general consensus on what constitutes the core of the trade. The most well-known theories (often called ‘models’ by economists) are presented here. It is ...
Debt, Equity and Monetary Policy∗
... Faia and Monacelli, 2007). Previous attempts to investigate the optimality of monetary policy response to …nancial variables have mainly relied on models that incorporate …nancial market frictions through the assumption of limited enforcement or information asymmetry in the credit market. Additional ...
... Faia and Monacelli, 2007). Previous attempts to investigate the optimality of monetary policy response to …nancial variables have mainly relied on models that incorporate …nancial market frictions through the assumption of limited enforcement or information asymmetry in the credit market. Additional ...
Employment of Chinese Migrant Workers in Off-Farm Jobs
... social labor resources. With the increase of population a certain number of new rural workers have added to the labor force each year. As a result, the total rural labor force and the proportion of the surplus labor continue to rise. On the other hand, only about 1.8 billion acres of arable land has ...
... social labor resources. With the increase of population a certain number of new rural workers have added to the labor force each year. As a result, the total rural labor force and the proportion of the surplus labor continue to rise. On the other hand, only about 1.8 billion acres of arable land has ...
Title Multiplier theory and public goods
... follows, we reconsider the effects of fiscalpolicy using a simple real model ...
... follows, we reconsider the effects of fiscalpolicy using a simple real model ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... The estimated costs cover a broad range, depending on assessments of economic parameters, especially the elasticity of labor supply of women with children. These judgments differ among economists. Nonetheless, the estimates presented below imply that social costs would fall if child-care subsidies w ...
... The estimated costs cover a broad range, depending on assessments of economic parameters, especially the elasticity of labor supply of women with children. These judgments differ among economists. Nonetheless, the estimates presented below imply that social costs would fall if child-care subsidies w ...
THE VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM AND HYBRID SUCCESS
... Proponents of the varieties of capitalism literature maintain that capitalist countries whose institutions best fit either the liberal market economy or coordinated market economy types will perform the best. Countries whose institutions are more mixed will perform less well. This paper challenges t ...
... Proponents of the varieties of capitalism literature maintain that capitalist countries whose institutions best fit either the liberal market economy or coordinated market economy types will perform the best. Countries whose institutions are more mixed will perform less well. This paper challenges t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ON THE WELFARE COSTS OF CONSUMPTION UNCERTAINTY
... future. In contrast, the variance-ratio results are consistent with the stochastic-trend specification in Eq. (1). Therefore, I use this model for the present analysis. Richer models worth considering would allow for trend breaks (analyzed starting from Banerjee, Lumsdaine, and Stock [1992]) and fo ...
... future. In contrast, the variance-ratio results are consistent with the stochastic-trend specification in Eq. (1). Therefore, I use this model for the present analysis. Richer models worth considering would allow for trend breaks (analyzed starting from Banerjee, Lumsdaine, and Stock [1992]) and fo ...
Report - Migration Policy Institute
... Such processes of adaptation produce winners and losers. The losses are usually very obvious, and concentrated in a number of established sectors or large companies; the benefits, though real, are often spread out over numerous sectors, over small businesses or over families. Because the disadvantag ...
... Such processes of adaptation produce winners and losers. The losses are usually very obvious, and concentrated in a number of established sectors or large companies; the benefits, though real, are often spread out over numerous sectors, over small businesses or over families. Because the disadvantag ...
Labour market and wage formation in the United States
... The logic of mass production presupposed that it was driven in large scale. As a result, a modern corporation with a centralised structure and decision-making arose. Inner activities of corporations were marked by a considerable element of planning. 1 The establishment of fordism as an industrial p ...
... The logic of mass production presupposed that it was driven in large scale. As a result, a modern corporation with a centralised structure and decision-making arose. Inner activities of corporations were marked by a considerable element of planning. 1 The establishment of fordism as an industrial p ...
Word file#3 - Islamic Development Bank
... the secularist perspective of the present-day world emphasizes mainly these. It is felt that well-being could be ensured if certain material goals are realized. These include elimination of poverty, fulfillment of the basic needs of all individuals, full employment, equitable distribution of income ...
... the secularist perspective of the present-day world emphasizes mainly these. It is felt that well-being could be ensured if certain material goals are realized. These include elimination of poverty, fulfillment of the basic needs of all individuals, full employment, equitable distribution of income ...
Trabajo presentado
... To incorporate these concerns some researchers are concentrating their efforts in improving the System of National Accounts - examples are the Net Domestic Product and the environmentally adjusted Net Domestic Product (United Nations, 2003). Other efforts are oriented towards the development of indi ...
... To incorporate these concerns some researchers are concentrating their efforts in improving the System of National Accounts - examples are the Net Domestic Product and the environmentally adjusted Net Domestic Product (United Nations, 2003). Other efforts are oriented towards the development of indi ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES STABILIZATION POLICIES AND THE Working Paper No. 1373
... that fails to reveal the aggregate productivity shock. Thus, nominal contracts inflict two types of cost. The first relates to the deterioration in the aggregate information available to the decision maker, due to the presence of one less economy—wide market.3 The second relates to the consequences ...
... that fails to reveal the aggregate productivity shock. Thus, nominal contracts inflict two types of cost. The first relates to the deterioration in the aggregate information available to the decision maker, due to the presence of one less economy—wide market.3 The second relates to the consequences ...
The Politics of Austerity
... equality was seen to override that view. Then from the mid-1970s onward there was a distinct shift (better described as ideological than simply a paradigm shift) to one that accepted a role for government in enforcing austerity with comparative indifference the victims of that action. • The trends i ...
... equality was seen to override that view. Then from the mid-1970s onward there was a distinct shift (better described as ideological than simply a paradigm shift) to one that accepted a role for government in enforcing austerity with comparative indifference the victims of that action. • The trends i ...
Lecture 8 - The Economics Network
... • The Board of Directors often must approve the purchase of a share. • One man, one share, one vote. • The members elect the board of directors who hire the management. • Some nonmembers might be employed (in a few cases a majority) but shareholders have priority when there are job openings, and non ...
... • The Board of Directors often must approve the purchase of a share. • One man, one share, one vote. • The members elect the board of directors who hire the management. • Some nonmembers might be employed (in a few cases a majority) but shareholders have priority when there are job openings, and non ...
Is capitalism compatible with democracy? Wolfgang Merkel
... but can also be read as ideal types since the number of defining elements is reduced to the most important ones and the concrete properties of those single characteristics are described in a stylized manner. Market-liberal capitalism: Coined by the prevailing market principles in the relationship b ...
... but can also be read as ideal types since the number of defining elements is reduced to the most important ones and the concrete properties of those single characteristics are described in a stylized manner. Market-liberal capitalism: Coined by the prevailing market principles in the relationship b ...
Welfare Costs of Inflation in a Menu Cost Model
... Comparing the first and second with the fourth and fifth rows in Table 1, Calvo-style staggered pricing raises the welfare costs of inflation by anywhere from 0.1% to 5% relative to the menu cost model. These differences can be larger than the welfare costs of inflation stemming from the opportunity ...
... Comparing the first and second with the fourth and fifth rows in Table 1, Calvo-style staggered pricing raises the welfare costs of inflation by anywhere from 0.1% to 5% relative to the menu cost model. These differences can be larger than the welfare costs of inflation stemming from the opportunity ...
Does Annual Real Gross Domestic Product per Capita Overstate or
... Real GDP per capita is an aggregate value measured over some arbitrary brief period and divided by the number of people alive at that time. Individuals live for more than one year, however, and their personal welfare depends on a lifetime’s consumption of goods and services. In this regard, none of ...
... Real GDP per capita is an aggregate value measured over some arbitrary brief period and divided by the number of people alive at that time. Individuals live for more than one year, however, and their personal welfare depends on a lifetime’s consumption of goods and services. In this regard, none of ...
text, references
... estimators insofar the correlation of the omitted variable with X is skill invariant. Thirdly, even if the omitted variable is correlated with X differently across skills, it will work against the hypothesis from D high ( s ) low (u ) 0 - as long as the impact of X over the skilled-omitte ...
... estimators insofar the correlation of the omitted variable with X is skill invariant. Thirdly, even if the omitted variable is correlated with X differently across skills, it will work against the hypothesis from D high ( s ) low (u ) 0 - as long as the impact of X over the skilled-omitte ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... American team to a gang of creepy Wall Street financiers, opposed to any form of egalitarian policies. But these were far from the norm. For the most part, commentators reported that the findings (which we describe shortly) developed new arguments or evidence that illuminated Sweden’s problems in in ...
... American team to a gang of creepy Wall Street financiers, opposed to any form of egalitarian policies. But these were far from the norm. For the most part, commentators reported that the findings (which we describe shortly) developed new arguments or evidence that illuminated Sweden’s problems in in ...
People oriented, with concern for people`s well
... survey systems, relevant methods and statistical returns according to statutory procedures, conducting training, collecting relevant statistical data and carrying out statistical monitoring The indicators system would become the basis for decision making in the work of the Party and government org ...
... survey systems, relevant methods and statistical returns according to statutory procedures, conducting training, collecting relevant statistical data and carrying out statistical monitoring The indicators system would become the basis for decision making in the work of the Party and government org ...