6: Environmental Considerations
... Mineral deposits are found in many different environments ranging from shallow water (sand, gravel, phosphorites, and placers) to deep water (cobalt crusts, polymetallic sulfides, and manganese nodules). These environments include both the most biologically productive areas of the coastal ocean as w ...
... Mineral deposits are found in many different environments ranging from shallow water (sand, gravel, phosphorites, and placers) to deep water (cobalt crusts, polymetallic sulfides, and manganese nodules). These environments include both the most biologically productive areas of the coastal ocean as w ...
Deep-Sea Mining
... silver and small quantities of other metals.37 Areas of particular commercial interest include the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Indian Ocean ridges and the South West Pacific in both national and international waters.38 Estimates suggest that there is around 30 million tonnes of metal in SMS associated w ...
... silver and small quantities of other metals.37 Areas of particular commercial interest include the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Indian Ocean ridges and the South West Pacific in both national and international waters.38 Estimates suggest that there is around 30 million tonnes of metal in SMS associated w ...
Exam 1
... ability that enabled it to be driven through the hull of the Titanic using directions from the builder’s original drawings. But Jason is only the beginning. The quality of the pictures it sends back up its wire cable is limited. But a new fibre-optic link with more than 100 times the information-car ...
... ability that enabled it to be driven through the hull of the Titanic using directions from the builder’s original drawings. But Jason is only the beginning. The quality of the pictures it sends back up its wire cable is limited. But a new fibre-optic link with more than 100 times the information-car ...
Evidence for strong sediment redistribution by bottom currents along
... In the Southern Ocean, sediment redistribution may be especially signi"cant because of the relatively strong currents associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Antarctic Bottom Water. Evidence for strong currents is found in scour zones and in contourite deposits, such as along the e ...
... In the Southern Ocean, sediment redistribution may be especially signi"cant because of the relatively strong currents associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Antarctic Bottom Water. Evidence for strong currents is found in scour zones and in contourite deposits, such as along the e ...
Norwegian marine ecosystems – are northern ones more vulnerable
... There are several aspects of the environment which have important implications for the exploration, production and transport of petroleum in the Barents Sea and the associated potential for oil pollution in marine areas. There are a number of physical, chemical and biological processes that affect, ...
... There are several aspects of the environment which have important implications for the exploration, production and transport of petroleum in the Barents Sea and the associated potential for oil pollution in marine areas. There are a number of physical, chemical and biological processes that affect, ...
Atolls – Distribution, Development and Architecture –
... many sessile organisms attach themselves, and areas of sand, which require different forms of adaptation, in the same way that there are zones of strong hydrodynamism and others that are calm, where currents are minimal. This great diversity of habitats is one of the reasons for the great diversity ...
... many sessile organisms attach themselves, and areas of sand, which require different forms of adaptation, in the same way that there are zones of strong hydrodynamism and others that are calm, where currents are minimal. This great diversity of habitats is one of the reasons for the great diversity ...
Ecological values of the 12 miles zone of Bonaire
... As a result of the exchanges with the open Atlantic, there is little seasonal variation in surface water temperatures, with a general range from 25.5ºC in the winter to 28ºC in the summer. Below the surface, the water structure is highly stratified in the upper 1200 meters; weakly stratified betwee ...
... As a result of the exchanges with the open Atlantic, there is little seasonal variation in surface water temperatures, with a general range from 25.5ºC in the winter to 28ºC in the summer. Below the surface, the water structure is highly stratified in the upper 1200 meters; weakly stratified betwee ...
Effects of Climate Change on
... combined effect of decreasing salinity and eutrophication tends to reduce the amounts of food available for fish like the Baltic herring. Other production related changes in addition to increased phytoplankton growth result from increasing nutrient inputs. Nearer the coastline, producers also includ ...
... combined effect of decreasing salinity and eutrophication tends to reduce the amounts of food available for fish like the Baltic herring. Other production related changes in addition to increased phytoplankton growth result from increasing nutrient inputs. Nearer the coastline, producers also includ ...
Insights from the ocean carbon cycle
... The model captures the observed frequency of ENSO with periodicities of 2–7 years (Figures 1a and 1b). The amplitude, however, is too strong, as was already shown for CCSM4 [Deser et al., 2012]. In conjunction with major volcanic eruptions (years 1258, 1452, and 1815) we find strong La Niña events a ...
... The model captures the observed frequency of ENSO with periodicities of 2–7 years (Figures 1a and 1b). The amplitude, however, is too strong, as was already shown for CCSM4 [Deser et al., 2012]. In conjunction with major volcanic eruptions (years 1258, 1452, and 1815) we find strong La Niña events a ...
The Vulnerability of the Carbon Cycle in the 21st Century
... Although these pioneering model simulations represent a large step forward in scientists’ ability to elucidate the interactions of the physical climate system with the global carbon cycle, they are also subject to important limitations. In both models, key processes are highly parameterized and poor ...
... Although these pioneering model simulations represent a large step forward in scientists’ ability to elucidate the interactions of the physical climate system with the global carbon cycle, they are also subject to important limitations. In both models, key processes are highly parameterized and poor ...
Hydrography shapes bacterial biogeography of the deep
... identified on the basis of their salinity–temperature characteristics (McLaughlin et al., 2004; Rudels et al., 2004; Tang et al., 2004). Samples from the Baffin Bay and Canada Basin (Figure 1) were collected from the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Louis St Laurent as part of the International Polar Year s ...
... identified on the basis of their salinity–temperature characteristics (McLaughlin et al., 2004; Rudels et al., 2004; Tang et al., 2004). Samples from the Baffin Bay and Canada Basin (Figure 1) were collected from the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Louis St Laurent as part of the International Polar Year s ...
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES Background Some of the world`s most
... Communities may support development of Arctic oil and gas resources under the following conditions: o Resource development must contribute to improved living standards of local communities o Portion of oil companies’ profits are invested into local economy o Resources are developed in a way that p ...
... Communities may support development of Arctic oil and gas resources under the following conditions: o Resource development must contribute to improved living standards of local communities o Portion of oil companies’ profits are invested into local economy o Resources are developed in a way that p ...
Relationships between dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface
... low (<60 gC m−2 ; Grebmeier, 1993; Hansell et al., 1993). 3 The Bering Shelf Water (BSW) formed by waters from the North Pacific Current spreads on the shelf, which constitutes a more open ocean environment characterised by a salinity of approximately 32.5 in summer (Thomson, 1981; Reed and Stabeno, ...
... low (<60 gC m−2 ; Grebmeier, 1993; Hansell et al., 1993). 3 The Bering Shelf Water (BSW) formed by waters from the North Pacific Current spreads on the shelf, which constitutes a more open ocean environment characterised by a salinity of approximately 32.5 in summer (Thomson, 1981; Reed and Stabeno, ...
Division 36D South Pacific
... Further to the south in the western Pacific Ocean (south of ~23˚S) and in the region of New Caledonia, seasonal enrichment of surface chlorophyll concentrations during the austral winter months has been observed and is associated with surface cooling and vertical mixing (Dandonneau and Gohin, 1984; ...
... Further to the south in the western Pacific Ocean (south of ~23˚S) and in the region of New Caledonia, seasonal enrichment of surface chlorophyll concentrations during the austral winter months has been observed and is associated with surface cooling and vertical mixing (Dandonneau and Gohin, 1984; ...
Impacts of climate change in a global hotspot for temperate marine
... global average rates of ocean warming. We review the observed impacts of climate change (e.g. warming, ocean acidification, changes in storm patterns) on subtidal temperate coasts in Australia and assess how these systems are likely to respond to further change. Observed impacts are region specific wi ...
... global average rates of ocean warming. We review the observed impacts of climate change (e.g. warming, ocean acidification, changes in storm patterns) on subtidal temperate coasts in Australia and assess how these systems are likely to respond to further change. Observed impacts are region specific wi ...
Biological Oceanography
... Figure 1 - Relative abundances in marine waters of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the two components of particulate organic carbon (POC), i.e. organic detritus and ...
... Figure 1 - Relative abundances in marine waters of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the two components of particulate organic carbon (POC), i.e. organic detritus and ...
Climate Change Impacts on the Mediterranean Coastal Zones
... form of longer wavelength radiation (infrared). The gases of the atmosphere which have the ability to absorb and successively emit infrared radiation are known as greenhouse gases. They are capable of trapping part of the thermal radiation emitted by the earth’s surface, producing a natural greenhou ...
... form of longer wavelength radiation (infrared). The gases of the atmosphere which have the ability to absorb and successively emit infrared radiation are known as greenhouse gases. They are capable of trapping part of the thermal radiation emitted by the earth’s surface, producing a natural greenhou ...
Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made Climate Change
... quantitative evaluation of climate feedbacks and climate sensitivity, we first make a remark about climate models and then briefly summarize Earth’s recent climate history to provide specificity to the concept of climate feedbacks. Climate models, based on physical laws that describe the structure a ...
... quantitative evaluation of climate feedbacks and climate sensitivity, we first make a remark about climate models and then briefly summarize Earth’s recent climate history to provide specificity to the concept of climate feedbacks. Climate models, based on physical laws that describe the structure a ...
Changes in atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic and sea
... This work analyses the daily maximum time series of sealevel height measured at Ostend station along the Belgian coast [(02° 54 E), (51° 13 N); Figure 1) for the winter periods from October 1925 to March 2000. Sea-level data are expressed in centimetres relatively to the same altimetric reference, ...
... This work analyses the daily maximum time series of sealevel height measured at Ostend station along the Belgian coast [(02° 54 E), (51° 13 N); Figure 1) for the winter periods from October 1925 to March 2000. Sea-level data are expressed in centimetres relatively to the same altimetric reference, ...
Course description, lessons and learning goals
... Science elective (does not meet science requirement for Brebeuf or state of Indiana) 1 credit course An off-campus, 2 week intensive course (offered on even-numbered years) Prerequisite: Grade 9 Biology This course is an introduction to the biology of the marine environment. Students will travel to ...
... Science elective (does not meet science requirement for Brebeuf or state of Indiana) 1 credit course An off-campus, 2 week intensive course (offered on even-numbered years) Prerequisite: Grade 9 Biology This course is an introduction to the biology of the marine environment. Students will travel to ...
Effects of global warming on oceans
Global warming can affect sea levels, coastlines, ocean acidification, ocean currents, seawater, sea surface temperatures, tides, the sea floor, weather, and trigger several changes in ocean bio-geochemistry; all of these affect the functioning of a society.