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Introduction: The History and Technique of Stellar Classification
Introduction: The History and Technique of Stellar Classification

... normalized, i.e., it has been multiplied by a constant so that the trace spectrum fits into the picture with a value of 1.0 at maximum intensity, and 0 for no light at all. The spectral type of a star allows an astronomer to know not only its temperature but also its color and its luminosity (often ...
Discovery of extremely lead-rich subdwarfs: does heavy metal signal
Discovery of extremely lead-rich subdwarfs: does heavy metal signal

... Accepted 2013 June 14. Received 2013 June 14; in original form 2013 April 23 ...
The Human Orrery - Armagh Observatory
The Human Orrery - Armagh Observatory

... are evening or morning ‘stars’; which constellations are they ‘in’; how far away from Earth?; Is Earth visible at night from Mars?; from Venus?. 2. Meteor showers: For example, from comets Halley and Encke where (and when) their orbits cross that of the Earth. What times of year are these showers? W ...
Scale the Universe - Crystal Ball Science
Scale the Universe - Crystal Ball Science

Diapositive 1
Diapositive 1

... • the sky (celestial sphere, constellations, light pollution) • the stars (stellar observables, H.-R. diagram) • the Pleiades (stellar parallaxes, stellar evolution, H.-R. diagram) • the Barnard’s star (proper motions) • confirmation of a candidate Supernova (astrometry, SN) • the shape of galaxies ...
chapter 15 navigational astronomy
chapter 15 navigational astronomy

... Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Of these, only four are commonly used for celestial navigation: Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Except for Pluto, the orbits of the planets lie in nearly the same plane as the Earth’s orbit. Therefore, as seen from the Earth, the planets ar ...
Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Chapter 24
Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Chapter 24

structure and evolution of white dwarfs and their
structure and evolution of white dwarfs and their

... ideas remain unchanged. However, importantly, they have also hardly been tested by direct observation. Theoretical and observational study of stellar evolution has placed white dwarfs as one possible end point of the process. In general terms, all stars with masses below about eight times that of th ...
Thinking Outside the Sphere
Thinking Outside the Sphere

... Building on the work of Apollonius of Perga and particularly of Hipparchus, Ptolemy developed an intricate system to account for the retrograde motion of the planets. In his scheme, each planet was attached to a small circle, called an epicycle, which moved it in a small orbit. The epicycle was atta ...
2016 - 2017 Earth and Space Science R egular and H onors
2016 - 2017 Earth and Space Science R egular and H onors

... should be taught at every appropriate opportunity to help students understand both the scientific process and the earth and space science content.* The table below contains academic language associated with these benchmarks. This language should be infused into all content units. ...
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

Heliacal Rising of Canopus in Indian Astronomy
Heliacal Rising of Canopus in Indian Astronomy

... takes γ as a constant, in modern investigations not only γ is taken a variable, but even the altitudes of two bodies H and h are taken differently depending on the star’s magnitude and also the atmospheric and visibility conditions, In case the tropical longitude λo of the Sun is known, then it is t ...
20. Meteorites and the chemical evolution of the Milky Way
20. Meteorites and the chemical evolution of the Milky Way

Stellar Helium Burning in Other Universes: A
Stellar Helium Burning in Other Universes: A

... only change by an increment of order 100 keV without compromising carbon production via the triple alpha process. We note that some carbon can be produced without the triple alpha resonance, but the abundance would be much lower than that of our universe; since we do not know the minimum carbon abun ...
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1 Pau Amaro Seoane - modest 15-s

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Star Formation in Bok Globules - European Southern Observatory

HOPS 383: An Outbursting Class 0 Protostar in Orion
HOPS 383: An Outbursting Class 0 Protostar in Orion

Competing Cosmologies
Competing Cosmologies

... Artist’s reconstruction of the Library of Alexandria Eratosthenes became the third librarian at Alexandria under Ptolemy III in the Hellenistic period following the conquests of Alexander the Great. Ptolemy I had been one of Alexander’s generals, and had taken Egypt as his own after Alexander’s unt ...
The Physics of Star Formation: Understanding the Youngest Protostars
The Physics of Star Formation: Understanding the Youngest Protostars

... Over the past 20 years, a theoretical paradigm of low-mass star formation has emerged (e.g., Shu 1977; Terebey et al. 1984; Shu et al. 1987). This standard model has successfully interpreted the IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of young stellar objects (YSOs) as an evolutionary sequence from ...
Galactic Archaeology: Current Surveys
Galactic Archaeology: Current Surveys

celestial navigation heaven`s guide for mere
celestial navigation heaven`s guide for mere

... supernova explosion and become black holes. Besides that, under the faint and virtually dead stars group, there are four other sub-groups namely white dwarfs, brown dwarfs, neutron stars and pulsars. A white dwarf is a small, very dense and hot star which is made mostly of carbon. As mentioned in th ...
exemplars and commentary
exemplars and commentary

undergraduate celestial co
undergraduate celestial co

... that of Birney in Observational Astronomy, who considers spherical triangles from the perspective of how they are connected to the centre of the sphere. Consider the triangle ABC below, with sides a, b, and c opposite the angles A, B, and C. ...
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Theoretical astronomy

Theoretical astronomy is the use of the analytical models of physics and chemistry to describe astronomical objects and astronomical phenomena.Ptolemy's Almagest, although a brilliant treatise on theoretical astronomy combined with a practical handbook for computation, nevertheless includes many compromises to reconcile discordant observations. Theoretical astronomy is usually assumed to have begun with Johannes Kepler (1571–1630), and Kepler's laws. It is co-equal with observation. The general history of astronomy deals with the history of the descriptive and theoretical astronomy of the Solar System, from the late sixteenth century to the end of the nineteenth century. The major categories of works on the history of modern astronomy include general histories, national and institutional histories, instrumentation, descriptive astronomy, theoretical astronomy, positional astronomy, and astrophysics. Astronomy was early to adopt computational techniques to model stellar and galactic formation and celestial mechanics. From the point of view of theoretical astronomy, not only must the mathematical expression be reasonably accurate but it should preferably exist in a form which is amenable to further mathematical analysis when used in specific problems. Most of theoretical astronomy uses Newtonian theory of gravitation, considering that the effects of general relativity are weak for most celestial objects. The obvious fact is that theoretical astronomy cannot (and does not try) to predict the position, size and temperature of every star in the heavens. Theoretical astronomy by and large has concentrated upon analyzing the apparently complex but periodic motions of celestial objects.
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