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Chapter 4: Making Sense of the Universe
Chapter 4: Making Sense of the Universe

... A. Yes, but we can measure Saturn’s mass more precisely by measuring how long it takes to orbit the Sun. B. Yes, knowing Titan’s period and semi-major axis allows us to calculate Saturn’s mass. C. No, we can only measure Titan’s mass this way, not Saturn’s. D. No, we have to measure all of Saturn’s ...
The Interstellar Medium
The Interstellar Medium

... easily penetrate the cloud, but is still absorbed to some extent. ...
The Interstellar Medium
The Interstellar Medium

Course 107: The Big Bang and the Anthropic Principle
Course 107: The Big Bang and the Anthropic Principle

... of the universe. It is another form of the cosmological argument. ○ Some things are caused. ○ Everything that is caused is caused by something else. ○ An infinite regress of causation is impossible. ○ Therefore, there must be an uncaused cause of all that is caused. ○ Christians believe this Uncause ...
The Seven African Powers of Creation
The Seven African Powers of Creation

... They are listed in the periodic table of elements that can be found in any chemistry textbook. They start with hydrogen (1 planet), followed by helium (2 planets), all the way to fermium (100 planets, or as they say, 100 electrons). The rest over 100 are artificial elements either man-made, or ephem ...
AST1100 Lecture Notes
AST1100 Lecture Notes

... stars range from 0.08M⊙ for the least massive stars up to about 100M⊙ for the most massive stars. We will later discuss theoretical arguments explaining why there is a lower and an upper limit of star masses. We will now start to look at the evolution of stars, from birth to death. Stars start out a ...
Lecture 7
Lecture 7

The Sun and the Stars
The Sun and the Stars

... All reactions beyond Fe endothermic i.e. require more energy than they produce ...
The Physics of Massive Star Formation
The Physics of Massive Star Formation

... It is appealing to explain properties of massive stars in terms of massive cores …but if massive cores fragment to many stars, there is no direct core-star mapping, MF agreement is just a coincidence. Do massive cores fragment? ...
R 2
R 2

... balance between thermal relaxation and expansion due to irradiation ...
Rogava_Course_-_First_lecture
Rogava_Course_-_First_lecture

... • Resulting in a possible hypernova in the future. • Eta Carinae had a giant eruption or supernova impostor event seen around 1843. In a few years, it produced almost as much visible light as a supernova explosion, but it survived. ...
Islip Invitational 2013 Astronomy Examination Student
Islip Invitational 2013 Astronomy Examination Student

... a. Most stars are born inside dusty clouds which block any light that may be coming from the stars. b. Protostars which are not yet performing fusion do not give off a lot of visible light. c. The size of a newly forming star is typically quite small and thus hard to make out d. Birth happens very q ...
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slides - Indico

... • Extremely metal-poor (MP) stars have recorded the heavy element abundances produced in the first generations of stars in the Universe • The shape of the low-metallicity tail of the Metallicity Distribution Function will (eventually) show structure that reveals the characteristic abundances of majo ...
SOFIA Science - Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
SOFIA Science - Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy

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PPT

... sky divided into hierarchical triangular mesh (level 6) presently: 8 nodes, 4 processors per node, 0.5 Tbyte disk telemetry ingestion, object matching, sphere iteration iterative processing for 1 million stars (final results April 2002) platform for further development/experimentation Database ...
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Lecture 10: Interstellar gas
Lecture 10: Interstellar gas

... • On the other hand, once the spins in a hydrogen atom have become aligned, about 10 million years, on the average, pass before the proton flips and the atom drops to its lowest energy state. It emits a 21 cm photon. This is a rare event for any one atom. But because so many hydrogen atoms exist in ...
Picture: Alnitak is the left-hand star in Orion`s Belt. Image: NASA
Picture: Alnitak is the left-hand star in Orion`s Belt. Image: NASA

... times that of the Sun. Often they are found together with O stars in OB associations since, being massive, they are short-lived and therefore do not survive long enough to move far from the place where they were formed. Their brief main sequence careers, measured in tens of millions of years, probab ...
ASTR2100 - Saint Mary's University | Astronomy & Physics
ASTR2100 - Saint Mary's University | Astronomy & Physics

Lecture 3
Lecture 3

Astronomy Worksheet
Astronomy Worksheet

... *In the cool G and K stars lines from ionized metals are less abundant and lines from neutral metals are more common. *In the very cool M stars, their atmospheres are cool enough to have molecules that produce wide absorption “bands”, which are much wider than the atomic spectral lines. These absorp ...
A historical perspective on the discovery of neutron stars
A historical perspective on the discovery of neutron stars

... Rosenfeld discussed the possible existence of compact stars as dense as atomic nuclei. Landau discussed it in his paper published in January 1932. In February 1932, the neutron (which was predicted by Rutherford in 1920) was discovered by James Chadwick. He was awarded the Nobel prize in 1935. Talk ...
Chapter 09 - The Independent School
Chapter 09 - The Independent School

Tyler Gray - Angelfire
Tyler Gray - Angelfire

... 750 billion and one trillion solar masses, and its diameter is about 100,000 light years. Radio astronomial investigations of the distribution of hydrogen clouds have revealed that the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy of Hubble type Sb or Sc. Therefore, out galaxy has both a pronounced disk component ex ...
Duncan Wright
Duncan Wright

... To be capable of detecting the <10 m s-1 Doppler amplitudes expected from habitable zone planets around M Dwarfs we need to be able to calibrate the UCLES spectrograph to < 2 m s-1. This is possible with CYCLOPS due to the tremendous amount of position information available when we take a calibratio ...
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Future of an expanding universe

Observations suggest that the expansion of the universe will continue forever. If so, the universe will cool as it expands, eventually becoming too cold to sustain life. For this reason, this future scenario is popularly called the Big Freeze.If dark energy—represented by the cosmological constant, a constant energy density filling space homogeneously, or scalar fields, such as quintessence or moduli, dynamic quantities whose energy density can vary in time and space—accelerates the expansion of the universe, then the space between clusters of galaxies will grow at an increasing rate. Redshift will stretch ancient, incoming photons (even gamma rays) to undetectably long wavelengths and low energies. Stars are expected to form normally for 1012 to 1014 (1–100 trillion) years, but eventually the supply of gas needed for star formation will be exhausted. And as existing stars run out of fuel and cease to shine, the universe will slowly and inexorably grow darker, one star at a time. According to theories that predict proton decay, the stellar remnants left behind will disappear, leaving behind only black holes, which themselves eventually disappear as they emit Hawking radiation. Ultimately, if the universe reaches a state in which the temperature approaches a uniform value, no further work will be possible, resulting in a final heat death of the universe.
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