Privacy in Pharmacogenetics: An End-to-End Case Study of
... Stable dose is assessed clinically by measuring the time it takes for blood to clot, called prothrombin time. This measure is standardized between different manufacturers as an international normalized ratio (INR). Based on the patient’s indication for (i.e., the reason to prescribe) warfarin, a cli ...
... Stable dose is assessed clinically by measuring the time it takes for blood to clot, called prothrombin time. This measure is standardized between different manufacturers as an international normalized ratio (INR). Based on the patient’s indication for (i.e., the reason to prescribe) warfarin, a cli ...
Antilipemic Agents
... Inhibits hepatic HMG CoA reductase >>> Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis causes hepatocytes to synthesize more LDL receptors >>> Hepatocytes will remove more LDLs from the blood Most Effective for ↓ LDL-C ...
... Inhibits hepatic HMG CoA reductase >>> Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis causes hepatocytes to synthesize more LDL receptors >>> Hepatocytes will remove more LDLs from the blood Most Effective for ↓ LDL-C ...
PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY
... The "natural experiment" (Cody 1974) overcomes some of the limitations of field ;md laboratory experiments, although it is not a true experiment because no variables are manipulated. Instead, an investigator compares two or more communities that are thought to differ mainly in the factor of interest ...
... The "natural experiment" (Cody 1974) overcomes some of the limitations of field ;md laboratory experiments, although it is not a true experiment because no variables are manipulated. Instead, an investigator compares two or more communities that are thought to differ mainly in the factor of interest ...
cAlnOfficial Journalofthe c.AmericanHeart cjlssociation
... traditional pharmacologic models and modern biochemical techniques have documented the existence of distinct dopamine receptor subtypes that mediate these responses. Appreciation of the structure-activity requirements of these receptors has led to the synthesis of drugs that may have a profound infl ...
... traditional pharmacologic models and modern biochemical techniques have documented the existence of distinct dopamine receptor subtypes that mediate these responses. Appreciation of the structure-activity requirements of these receptors has led to the synthesis of drugs that may have a profound infl ...
Interacting environmental mosaics drive geographic variation in
... availability and body temperatures on the growth and morphology of juvenile California mussels in dynamic environments and determine how these environmentally mediated differences affect rates of predation by the dogwhelk N. canaliculata. To model the potential interactions among pH, chl-a and tempe ...
... availability and body temperatures on the growth and morphology of juvenile California mussels in dynamic environments and determine how these environmentally mediated differences affect rates of predation by the dogwhelk N. canaliculata. To model the potential interactions among pH, chl-a and tempe ...
Effects of Adriamycin on Supercoiled DMA and
... not apparent with linear DNA fragments from calf thymus, nor did it occur when the drug was added to a terbium:nucleic acid mixture at 25°and the titration was performed directly, where the shape of the curve is more hyperbolic. A curve similar to that generated with the pBR322 DNA was obtained whe ...
... not apparent with linear DNA fragments from calf thymus, nor did it occur when the drug was added to a terbium:nucleic acid mixture at 25°and the titration was performed directly, where the shape of the curve is more hyperbolic. A curve similar to that generated with the pBR322 DNA was obtained whe ...
Anticancer Drug Discovery — From Serendipity to
... speculated that uncontrolled growth might be caused by physical (radiation), chemical (some chemicals) or biological (microscopic pathogens) factors. Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945) made a key observations of chromosomal changes and demonstrated in 1915 the correctness of this theory. But still the c ...
... speculated that uncontrolled growth might be caused by physical (radiation), chemical (some chemicals) or biological (microscopic pathogens) factors. Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945) made a key observations of chromosomal changes and demonstrated in 1915 the correctness of this theory. But still the c ...
Antibiotics
... ● Rule: All penicillins are water soluble, except nafcillin. ● Water soluble substances: ○ Are excreted by the kidneys. ■ Means adjustments in renal failure and are potentially renal toxic ...
... ● Rule: All penicillins are water soluble, except nafcillin. ● Water soluble substances: ○ Are excreted by the kidneys. ■ Means adjustments in renal failure and are potentially renal toxic ...
Alarm cue induces an antipredator morphological defense in
... 35 ml of distilled water and homogenized. We removed particulates from the solution by pouring it through polyester aquarium filter floss that had been previously saturated with distilled water. Based on donor fish size, we adjusted the final volume with additional distilled water, so that 1 cm2 of ...
... 35 ml of distilled water and homogenized. We removed particulates from the solution by pouring it through polyester aquarium filter floss that had been previously saturated with distilled water. Based on donor fish size, we adjusted the final volume with additional distilled water, so that 1 cm2 of ...
Endocrinology 8a+b – Endocrine Bone Disorder
... 1. Describe the uses of calcium gluconate and calcium chloride and explain the difference in their routes of administration. 2. Explain why vitamin D may be termed a hormone precursor and a pro-drug. 3. Why is calcitriol the drug of choice in treating bone disease consequent on chronic renal failure ...
... 1. Describe the uses of calcium gluconate and calcium chloride and explain the difference in their routes of administration. 2. Explain why vitamin D may be termed a hormone precursor and a pro-drug. 3. Why is calcitriol the drug of choice in treating bone disease consequent on chronic renal failure ...
Cholinergic and Anti
... b. Remember acetylcholine- what it does and how it works i. Yesterday we focused on production and action of acetylcholine ii. Today we’re talking about cholinergic antagonists c. Before we turn to discussion of antagonists used to block action of acetylcholine, we will finish the discussion on inhi ...
... b. Remember acetylcholine- what it does and how it works i. Yesterday we focused on production and action of acetylcholine ii. Today we’re talking about cholinergic antagonists c. Before we turn to discussion of antagonists used to block action of acetylcholine, we will finish the discussion on inhi ...
TCI: TOOL OR TOY
... This study involved 18 patients. Despite full details of this study not being published, it appears that it included few elderly or obese patients. Over the years, some adjustments were made to this model, several of them never published in peer reviewed journals. The Schnider model was derived from ...
... This study involved 18 patients. Despite full details of this study not being published, it appears that it included few elderly or obese patients. Over the years, some adjustments were made to this model, several of them never published in peer reviewed journals. The Schnider model was derived from ...
Young Innovators 2009
... doses of sorafenib 400/200 mg BID in 28-day cycles. 24-hour plasma concentration profiles were measured on Day 1 and (for selected patients) at steady-state. Genetic variation in metabolic enzymes (CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3C, UGT1A9*3, UGT1A9*5) and drug target (VEGFR2 H472Q, VEGFR2 V297I) were assessed. ...
... doses of sorafenib 400/200 mg BID in 28-day cycles. 24-hour plasma concentration profiles were measured on Day 1 and (for selected patients) at steady-state. Genetic variation in metabolic enzymes (CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3C, UGT1A9*3, UGT1A9*5) and drug target (VEGFR2 H472Q, VEGFR2 V297I) were assessed. ...
Neurotransmitter Receptor and Transporter Binding
... buffers (table 1) at 4°C, and centrifuged at 43,000 3 g for 10 min. The supernatants were decanted and resuspended in 30 volumes of buffer, homogenized, separated into several individual aliquots and centrifuged. For membrane pellets that were used in the 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, alpha-1 and alpha-2 binding ...
... buffers (table 1) at 4°C, and centrifuged at 43,000 3 g for 10 min. The supernatants were decanted and resuspended in 30 volumes of buffer, homogenized, separated into several individual aliquots and centrifuged. For membrane pellets that were used in the 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, alpha-1 and alpha-2 binding ...
Understanding what controls the spatial distribution of fish
... distribution of fish populations, possibly to a large extent. Ignoring these mechanisms can lead to incomplete or erroneous representations of the processes controlling fish distribution. These processes are complex, interacting, and evolving as populations constantly adapt to new ecological conditi ...
... distribution of fish populations, possibly to a large extent. Ignoring these mechanisms can lead to incomplete or erroneous representations of the processes controlling fish distribution. These processes are complex, interacting, and evolving as populations constantly adapt to new ecological conditi ...
Pharmacology Objectives 12
... pentasaccharide complex to antithrombin resulting in a conformational change that increases the inhibition of factor Xa, but only the longer chains of UFH can bind both antithrombin and prothrombin to form a prothrombin ternary complex. Therefore, UFH has equal affect on factors Xa and IIa while LMW ...
... pentasaccharide complex to antithrombin resulting in a conformational change that increases the inhibition of factor Xa, but only the longer chains of UFH can bind both antithrombin and prothrombin to form a prothrombin ternary complex. Therefore, UFH has equal affect on factors Xa and IIa while LMW ...
Impurities: Residual Solvents ICH: Q3C
... -Class 3 solvents (least toxic) should be used where practical. * and be patient acceptable ...
... -Class 3 solvents (least toxic) should be used where practical. * and be patient acceptable ...
Respiratory-pharmacology
... Arrest the effects of histamine by blocking its receptors. Histamine is an endogenous substance that affects a wide variety of organs systems. Noted for its role in allergic reaction. Histamine binds with H1 receptors to cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability (vasculature) In the lu ...
... Arrest the effects of histamine by blocking its receptors. Histamine is an endogenous substance that affects a wide variety of organs systems. Noted for its role in allergic reaction. Histamine binds with H1 receptors to cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability (vasculature) In the lu ...
Evidence that Diclofenac and Celecoxib are thyroid hormone
... independent [21] or endothelial cells mediated via the interaction with eNOS [23]. The diversity of types of responses may be linked to the size of the artery[22] and role and location of the different isoforms of thyroid hormone receptors[23]. There are two main thyroid hormone receptors: TRα and T ...
... independent [21] or endothelial cells mediated via the interaction with eNOS [23]. The diversity of types of responses may be linked to the size of the artery[22] and role and location of the different isoforms of thyroid hormone receptors[23]. There are two main thyroid hormone receptors: TRα and T ...
Comparative analysis of the interaction between habitat
... variable-rate stochastic Markov models. These two classes of models differed based on the assumptions concerning the variation of transition probabilities between character states across the phylogeny (Beaulieu et al., 2013). In the constant-rate models, transitions (‘forward’ ¼ 0-1 and ‘backward’ ¼ ...
... variable-rate stochastic Markov models. These two classes of models differed based on the assumptions concerning the variation of transition probabilities between character states across the phylogeny (Beaulieu et al., 2013). In the constant-rate models, transitions (‘forward’ ¼ 0-1 and ‘backward’ ¼ ...
Effect of novel adenosine A3 receptor antagonist
... and/or enhances antigen-induced mast cell degranulation through the activation of A2b and/or A3 adenosine receptors [7-9]. Inhaled adenosine causes bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients but not healthy subjects [4,10]. The potential role of adenosine A3 receptor stimulation in the pathophysiolog ...
... and/or enhances antigen-induced mast cell degranulation through the activation of A2b and/or A3 adenosine receptors [7-9]. Inhaled adenosine causes bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients but not healthy subjects [4,10]. The potential role of adenosine A3 receptor stimulation in the pathophysiolog ...
HERE - INDIGO Biosciences
... to ligands of the thyroid hormone receptor was explored using vROCS [11,12] and EON [13,14] software packages. ROCS was used to align the three dimensional alignment of the drug conformers generated by OMEGA [15–17] with the ligands extracted from the crystal structures of the thyroid hormone recept ...
... to ligands of the thyroid hormone receptor was explored using vROCS [11,12] and EON [13,14] software packages. ROCS was used to align the three dimensional alignment of the drug conformers generated by OMEGA [15–17] with the ligands extracted from the crystal structures of the thyroid hormone recept ...
DRUG CARDS A-list Paramedic rev0807 117KB Jan 14 2015
... EMT-PARAMEDIC –Drug Cards Pharmacology Please note Many drugs have nausea, vomiting, dizziness as side effects All drugs are metabolized/eliminated by the liver and kidneys and should be given cautiously to patients with diseases in these body systems You should never give any drug to a patien ...
... EMT-PARAMEDIC –Drug Cards Pharmacology Please note Many drugs have nausea, vomiting, dizziness as side effects All drugs are metabolized/eliminated by the liver and kidneys and should be given cautiously to patients with diseases in these body systems You should never give any drug to a patien ...
The Meaning of Semiochemicals to the Design of Self
... biological diversity for the engineering of well adapted coordination mechanisms for self-organizing emergent multiagent systems, the micro- and macroscopic effects of the different types of semiochemicals have to be better understood. In this paper, we analyze these effects and based on that provid ...
... biological diversity for the engineering of well adapted coordination mechanisms for self-organizing emergent multiagent systems, the micro- and macroscopic effects of the different types of semiochemicals have to be better understood. In this paper, we analyze these effects and based on that provid ...
Drug-like properties and the causes of poor solubility
... have sufficiently acceptable ADME properties and sufficiently acceptable toxicity properties to survive through the completion of human Phase I clinical trials. Compounds that survive through Phase I and into Phase II clinical efficacy studies are conveniently identified by the presence of a United ...
... have sufficiently acceptable ADME properties and sufficiently acceptable toxicity properties to survive through the completion of human Phase I clinical trials. Compounds that survive through Phase I and into Phase II clinical efficacy studies are conveniently identified by the presence of a United ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.