Product Monograph Template - Standard
... Because the prolonged use of estrogens influences the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, estrogens should be used with caution in patients with metabolic and malignant bone diseases associated with hypercalcemia and in patients with renal insufficiency. Hypothyroidism Patients who require thyroid ...
... Because the prolonged use of estrogens influences the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, estrogens should be used with caution in patients with metabolic and malignant bone diseases associated with hypercalcemia and in patients with renal insufficiency. Hypothyroidism Patients who require thyroid ...
50 animal models relevant to schizophrenia disorders
... possible to the empiric measures on which schizophrenic patients are impaired. Unfortunately, the ratings of symptoms commonly assessed in clinical studies are of little value in this context. The limited cognitive capacity of laboratory animals hinders the design of cognitive tasks that can be cons ...
... possible to the empiric measures on which schizophrenic patients are impaired. Unfortunately, the ratings of symptoms commonly assessed in clinical studies are of little value in this context. The limited cognitive capacity of laboratory animals hinders the design of cognitive tasks that can be cons ...
Metagenic’s Seminar 3, 2003 Clinical Workshop
... “The results of this study demonstrate that the extract in the dose of 500 mg/kg orally exert highly significant cytoprotection against 80% ethanol, 0.6M HC1, 0.2M NaOH and 25% NaCl induced gastric lesions. The extract also prevented the occurrence of gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inf ...
... “The results of this study demonstrate that the extract in the dose of 500 mg/kg orally exert highly significant cytoprotection against 80% ethanol, 0.6M HC1, 0.2M NaOH and 25% NaCl induced gastric lesions. The extract also prevented the occurrence of gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inf ...
Nerve Agents
... hazard, unless exploded or subjected to high temperature. VX is much more toxic (100 to 150 times) than sarin when on the skin because sarin evaporates from the skin surface while VX does not. Mechanism of Action Nerves communicate with muscles, glands, and other nerves by releasing chemicals (neuro ...
... hazard, unless exploded or subjected to high temperature. VX is much more toxic (100 to 150 times) than sarin when on the skin because sarin evaporates from the skin surface while VX does not. Mechanism of Action Nerves communicate with muscles, glands, and other nerves by releasing chemicals (neuro ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)
... analgesic is one of the silent causes of liver damage due to its constant abuse. The metabolism of paracetamol is an excellent example of intoxication, because the metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imines, abbreviated as NAPQI is the primary cause of toxicity rather than paracetamol itself this me ...
... analgesic is one of the silent causes of liver damage due to its constant abuse. The metabolism of paracetamol is an excellent example of intoxication, because the metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imines, abbreviated as NAPQI is the primary cause of toxicity rather than paracetamol itself this me ...
Assessment of the Influence of Histaminergic Actions on Cocaine
... the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine. In addition, a second generation of compounds was synthesized that had reduced muscarinic affinity (Agoston et al., 1997). These compounds also possessed a reduced cocaine-like spectrum of behavioral effects (Katz et al., 2004), suggesting that the antimus ...
... the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine. In addition, a second generation of compounds was synthesized that had reduced muscarinic affinity (Agoston et al., 1997). These compounds also possessed a reduced cocaine-like spectrum of behavioral effects (Katz et al., 2004), suggesting that the antimus ...
Effects of intra- and interspecific competition on
... De Laender and Jansen 2013). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of intra- and interspecific competition on the sensitivity of an aquatic population under different pesticide exposure concentrations. To this end, experiments were performed in which D. magna was present in different d ...
... De Laender and Jansen 2013). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of intra- and interspecific competition on the sensitivity of an aquatic population under different pesticide exposure concentrations. To this end, experiments were performed in which D. magna was present in different d ...
Drugs acting on RAAS by Dr Vignesh S
... ARBs - well tolerated in patients who are intolerant of ACEIused in symptomatic and asymptomatic pts of HFrEF <40% who are ACE-intolerant for reasons other than hyperkalemia or renal insufficiency As with ACEI, ARBs should also be initiated in low doses, uptitrated every 3-5 days, and BP,RFT,Potassi ...
... ARBs - well tolerated in patients who are intolerant of ACEIused in symptomatic and asymptomatic pts of HFrEF <40% who are ACE-intolerant for reasons other than hyperkalemia or renal insufficiency As with ACEI, ARBs should also be initiated in low doses, uptitrated every 3-5 days, and BP,RFT,Potassi ...
Bone Marrow Depression - leukopenia
... WBC in spleen) II. Gran.macrophage-CSF Sargramostim – Pharmacology: glycoprotein w/ multilineage effects, induces partially committed progenitor cells to divide/differentiate into gran-macropage pathways, stimulate neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils Pk/Pd: rapid absorpt after SC ad ...
... WBC in spleen) II. Gran.macrophage-CSF Sargramostim – Pharmacology: glycoprotein w/ multilineage effects, induces partially committed progenitor cells to divide/differentiate into gran-macropage pathways, stimulate neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils Pk/Pd: rapid absorpt after SC ad ...
In silico site of metabolism prediction for human UGT
... during lead optimization. It is necessary to identify whether a compound can be glucuronidated, as well as which functional group of the compound is able to undergo the reaction. Normally the UGT-catalyzed biotransformation is determined experimentally by metabolite identification techniques. Howeve ...
... during lead optimization. It is necessary to identify whether a compound can be glucuronidated, as well as which functional group of the compound is able to undergo the reaction. Normally the UGT-catalyzed biotransformation is determined experimentally by metabolite identification techniques. Howeve ...
Protective Effect of Honey on Acetaminophen Induced Liver Toxicity
... presumably N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), which reacts rapidly with glutathione (GSH) (Nelson, 1990). Active oxygen molecules such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals have been demonstrated to play important role in the inflammation process produced by ethanol, carbon tetrachloride or parace ...
... presumably N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), which reacts rapidly with glutathione (GSH) (Nelson, 1990). Active oxygen molecules such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals have been demonstrated to play important role in the inflammation process produced by ethanol, carbon tetrachloride or parace ...
No Slide Title
... • Their action promoting accumulation of ACh at the muscarinic receptor of the ciliary muscle is the basis of their therapeutic effectiveness in open angle glaucoma • Only two of these agents are used for therapeutics – Echothiophate for glaucoma – Diisopropylflurophosphate (DFP) for glaucoma (?) ...
... • Their action promoting accumulation of ACh at the muscarinic receptor of the ciliary muscle is the basis of their therapeutic effectiveness in open angle glaucoma • Only two of these agents are used for therapeutics – Echothiophate for glaucoma – Diisopropylflurophosphate (DFP) for glaucoma (?) ...
"Reducing the effects of paracetamol
... Paracetamol-induced acute hepatocellular injury as an experimental model of drug-induced acute hepatic necrosis is stabile (27, 28). However, in reviewing the literature showed acute hepatocellular injury there is an increment in plasma transaminases, in which ALT is predominant. But the high level ...
... Paracetamol-induced acute hepatocellular injury as an experimental model of drug-induced acute hepatic necrosis is stabile (27, 28). However, in reviewing the literature showed acute hepatocellular injury there is an increment in plasma transaminases, in which ALT is predominant. But the high level ...
Potential impacts of ocean acidification on the Puget Sound food web
... changes in ecosystem services and structure. Sometimes the direct and indirect effects of OA countered each other due to interactions between predators and prey within the food web, leading to little change in the food web. In other cases, direct and indirect effects caused greater change in the foo ...
... changes in ecosystem services and structure. Sometimes the direct and indirect effects of OA countered each other due to interactions between predators and prey within the food web, leading to little change in the food web. In other cases, direct and indirect effects caused greater change in the foo ...
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonists as Promising New
... blocks the subjective effects of ⌬9-THC in humans and prevents relapse to smoking in exsmokers. Findings from both clinical and preclinical studies suggest that ligands blocking CB1 receptors offer a novel approach for patients suffering from drug dependence that may be efficacious across different ...
... blocks the subjective effects of ⌬9-THC in humans and prevents relapse to smoking in exsmokers. Findings from both clinical and preclinical studies suggest that ligands blocking CB1 receptors offer a novel approach for patients suffering from drug dependence that may be efficacious across different ...
XIV. Disease Assessment led to
... ___Risk accepted. Plans are acceptable. ___Risk not accepted. ___Relocate facility. ___Reduce production volume. ___Use alternative mechanisms for removing waste. ___Hazard 21: Water distance between bottom of cages and lake substrate poses a hazard to benthic organisms. Operator should develop plan ...
... ___Risk accepted. Plans are acceptable. ___Risk not accepted. ___Relocate facility. ___Reduce production volume. ___Use alternative mechanisms for removing waste. ___Hazard 21: Water distance between bottom of cages and lake substrate poses a hazard to benthic organisms. Operator should develop plan ...
Free full text pdf - Australasian journal of ecotoxicology
... A number of limitations to the available datasets were identified, including: (i) minimal data available for some contaminants (eg. CrIII and As) which are of concern in the New Zealand environment because of their widespread use in timber treatment; (ii) the datasets used for guideline derivation i ...
... A number of limitations to the available datasets were identified, including: (i) minimal data available for some contaminants (eg. CrIII and As) which are of concern in the New Zealand environment because of their widespread use in timber treatment; (ii) the datasets used for guideline derivation i ...
FROM INDIVIDUALS TO ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION: TOWARD AN O J. S
... trophic transfer efficiency has been experimentally documented in a rocky intertidal ecosystem, where risk cues released by predatory green crabs (Carcinus maenas) modify the behavior and foraging rate of one of its principal prey, the carnivorous snail Nucella lapillus (Trussell et al. 2003, 2006a). ...
... trophic transfer efficiency has been experimentally documented in a rocky intertidal ecosystem, where risk cues released by predatory green crabs (Carcinus maenas) modify the behavior and foraging rate of one of its principal prey, the carnivorous snail Nucella lapillus (Trussell et al. 2003, 2006a). ...
Dopamine receptor agonist treatment of Parkinson`s disease
... agonists as a form of treatment for this disease. The aims of this systematic review and metaanalysis were to establish the efficacy of different subclasses of dopamine receptor agonist in the treatment of animal models of PD, to examine the relationship between details of the methods used in these ...
... agonists as a form of treatment for this disease. The aims of this systematic review and metaanalysis were to establish the efficacy of different subclasses of dopamine receptor agonist in the treatment of animal models of PD, to examine the relationship between details of the methods used in these ...
Environmental causes of human congenital malformations: The
... malformations, infertility, abortions and hereditary diseases. They place the responsibility of their illness on environmental agents dispensed by their healthcare provider or utilized by their employer."-24 Reproductive problems alarm the public, the press and some scientists to a greater degree th ...
... malformations, infertility, abortions and hereditary diseases. They place the responsibility of their illness on environmental agents dispensed by their healthcare provider or utilized by their employer."-24 Reproductive problems alarm the public, the press and some scientists to a greater degree th ...
paper
... human data to compare the quality of the kinetics and effects predictions based either on animal or non-animal testing. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Toxicokinetic data in rats for acetaminophen Male Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from Elevage Janvier Laboratory (Le Genet Saint Isle, France). Th ...
... human data to compare the quality of the kinetics and effects predictions based either on animal or non-animal testing. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Toxicokinetic data in rats for acetaminophen Male Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from Elevage Janvier Laboratory (Le Genet Saint Isle, France). Th ...
Oceanic Fisheries Management Project Stock Assessment
... hatching – For the tuna assessments conducted in the WCP-CA, its the stage at which they are first detected in the fishery catch (e.g. for YFT, BET, SKJ at 0.6 months in the purse seine fishery). Its one of the four key processes we need to account for in a stock assessment model if we are to be abl ...
... hatching – For the tuna assessments conducted in the WCP-CA, its the stage at which they are first detected in the fishery catch (e.g. for YFT, BET, SKJ at 0.6 months in the purse seine fishery). Its one of the four key processes we need to account for in a stock assessment model if we are to be abl ...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
... causative agent of amoebiasis, may develop resistance to nitroimidazoles, a group of drugs considered to be the most effective against this parasitic disease. Therefore, research on new drugs for the treatment of this common infection still constitutes an important therapeutic demand. In the present ...
... causative agent of amoebiasis, may develop resistance to nitroimidazoles, a group of drugs considered to be the most effective against this parasitic disease. Therefore, research on new drugs for the treatment of this common infection still constitutes an important therapeutic demand. In the present ...
Population Ecology
... it is certainly not something we can determine a priori. After all, we take celestial mechanics to be law governed, even though every massive body in the universe interacts gravitationally with every other massive object. It does not get much more complicated than that! While it is true that populat ...
... it is certainly not something we can determine a priori. After all, we take celestial mechanics to be law governed, even though every massive body in the universe interacts gravitationally with every other massive object. It does not get much more complicated than that! While it is true that populat ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.