1 11.8 Definition of entropy and the modern statement of the second
... initial value. To restore the initial state of the gas without causing any net change in the equilibrium states of the systems involved in this compression, we must make sure: (i) to decrease the temperature of the gas back to its original value; (ii) to move the piston back to its original position ...
... initial value. To restore the initial state of the gas without causing any net change in the equilibrium states of the systems involved in this compression, we must make sure: (i) to decrease the temperature of the gas back to its original value; (ii) to move the piston back to its original position ...
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Heat - FER
... The total energy E for most systems encountered in practice consists of the internal energy U. This is especially the case for stationary systems since they don’t involve any changes in their velocity or elevation during a process. ...
... The total energy E for most systems encountered in practice consists of the internal energy U. This is especially the case for stationary systems since they don’t involve any changes in their velocity or elevation during a process. ...
Heat pipe
A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that combines the principles of both thermal conductivity and phase transition to efficiently manage the transfer of heat between two solid interfaces.At the hot interface of a heat pipe a liquid in contact with a thermally conductive solid surface turns into a vapor by absorbing heat from that surface. The vapor then travels along the heat pipe to the cold interface and condenses back into a liquid - releasing the latent heat. The liquid then returns to the hot interface through either capillary action, centrifugal force, or gravity, and the cycle repeats. Due to the very high heat transfer coefficients for boiling and condensation, heat pipes are highly effective thermal conductors. The effective thermal conductivity varies with heat pipe length, and can approach 7002100000000000000♠100 kW/(m⋅K) for long heat pipes, in comparison with approximately 6999400000000000000♠0.4 kW/(m⋅K) for copper.