green economy readiness in south africa: a focus on the national
... policy, institutional capacity, functional grids and communication infrastructure might not attract external funding, and governments need to contribute in preparation for potential investments linked to such conditionalities. Due to lack of consensus on terminology, the International Chamber of Com ...
... policy, institutional capacity, functional grids and communication infrastructure might not attract external funding, and governments need to contribute in preparation for potential investments linked to such conditionalities. Due to lack of consensus on terminology, the International Chamber of Com ...
https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/sa1stbiennialupdatereport.pdf
... and offers funding (under its Global Change Research Programme (GCRP)) for work done to understand a changing planet. The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), the African Observation Network (AEON), the Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Science (ACCESS) and the South A ...
... and offers funding (under its Global Change Research Programme (GCRP)) for work done to understand a changing planet. The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), the African Observation Network (AEON), the Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Science (ACCESS) and the South A ...
Global warning full report - Compassion in World Farming
... This continuing increase comes at a time of climate change, when it is recognised that we are experiencing a crisis in the impact of humans on the planet’s climate. This report presents the evidence from climate scientists and agriculturalists showing that livestock production has made, and is makin ...
... This continuing increase comes at a time of climate change, when it is recognised that we are experiencing a crisis in the impact of humans on the planet’s climate. This report presents the evidence from climate scientists and agriculturalists showing that livestock production has made, and is makin ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas
... carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The overall objective of such reductions is, according to the UNFCCC, the “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. However, there is no agr ...
... carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The overall objective of such reductions is, according to the UNFCCC, the “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. However, there is no agr ...
Climate Proofing: A Risk-based Approach to Adaptation
... Adaptation (to climate variability and change) – Policies, actions, and other initiatives designed to limit the potential adverse impacts arising from climate variability and change (including extreme events), and exploit any positive consequences. Adaptive capacity – The potential for adjustments, ...
... Adaptation (to climate variability and change) – Policies, actions, and other initiatives designed to limit the potential adverse impacts arising from climate variability and change (including extreme events), and exploit any positive consequences. Adaptive capacity – The potential for adjustments, ...
Influence of future anthropogenic emissions on climate, natural
... Fine BC and POC emissions from aircraft were obtained by applying emission factors of 0.038 g BC/kg fuel [Petzold et al., 1999] to the fuel use data from Sutkus et al. [2001] and assuming a POC/BC emission ratio of 1:1. Those from shipping were estimated by dividing the gridded monthly sulfur shippi ...
... Fine BC and POC emissions from aircraft were obtained by applying emission factors of 0.038 g BC/kg fuel [Petzold et al., 1999] to the fuel use data from Sutkus et al. [2001] and assuming a POC/BC emission ratio of 1:1. Those from shipping were estimated by dividing the gridded monthly sulfur shippi ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions: the science and economics of future paths for global annual emissions (1 MB) (opens in new window)
... carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The overall objective of such reductions is, according to the UNFCCC, the “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. However, there is no agr ...
... carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The overall objective of such reductions is, according to the UNFCCC, the “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. However, there is no agr ...
STATE OF THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN OCEAN CLIMATE
... Peninsula, linked to nearby ocean warming and intensification of the circumpolar westerlies. Glaciers are retreating on the peninsula, in Patagonia, on the subAntarctic islands, and in West Antarctica adjacent to the peninsula. The penetration of marine air masses has become more pronounced over par ...
... Peninsula, linked to nearby ocean warming and intensification of the circumpolar westerlies. Glaciers are retreating on the peninsula, in Patagonia, on the subAntarctic islands, and in West Antarctica adjacent to the peninsula. The penetration of marine air masses has become more pronounced over par ...
Granger causality from changes in level of atmospheric CO2 to
... Kuo et al., 1990; Wang et al., 2013). Despite its proposed role in global warming overall, CO2 (in terms of the initial state of atmospheric CO2 exploited by plants at time A) has not generally been isolated and studied in detail through time-series analysis as an influence in the way the biosphere ...
... Kuo et al., 1990; Wang et al., 2013). Despite its proposed role in global warming overall, CO2 (in terms of the initial state of atmospheric CO2 exploited by plants at time A) has not generally been isolated and studied in detail through time-series analysis as an influence in the way the biosphere ...
FARM-LEVEL VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE EASTERN BAY OF PLENTY,
... Climate change research is undergoing a monumental shift, from an almost exclusive focus on mitigation, and the reduction of greenhouse gases, to adaptation, and identifying the ways in which nations, communities and sectors might best respond to the reality of a changing climate. Vulnerability asse ...
... Climate change research is undergoing a monumental shift, from an almost exclusive focus on mitigation, and the reduction of greenhouse gases, to adaptation, and identifying the ways in which nations, communities and sectors might best respond to the reality of a changing climate. Vulnerability asse ...
Climate
... cycles, and large-scale cycles that occur over years or decades. Long-term climate change can be a result of changes in the intensity and distribution of solar radiation. Climate determines the geographic distribution of organisms. Climate is characterized by average conditions, but extreme co ...
... cycles, and large-scale cycles that occur over years or decades. Long-term climate change can be a result of changes in the intensity and distribution of solar radiation. Climate determines the geographic distribution of organisms. Climate is characterized by average conditions, but extreme co ...
Floodway Definition
... most conveyance of floodwater along a particular flowpath occurs in floodways flow velocity in floodways may be relatively high compared to other areas of the floodplain blocking the floodway will either raise flood levels or redirect flood flows floodways may have very low flow velo ...
... most conveyance of floodwater along a particular flowpath occurs in floodways flow velocity in floodways may be relatively high compared to other areas of the floodplain blocking the floodway will either raise flood levels or redirect flood flows floodways may have very low flow velo ...
PDF
... temperature level implied by the Copenhagen pledges. We believe these two exercises are subject to high uncertainty and would not improve the current state of negotiations. Rather, we take stock of the present politically achievable level of commitment and suggest an effective way to push forward th ...
... temperature level implied by the Copenhagen pledges. We believe these two exercises are subject to high uncertainty and would not improve the current state of negotiations. Rather, we take stock of the present politically achievable level of commitment and suggest an effective way to push forward th ...
Module 12 Arctic Biodiversity in a Global Context
... These three cryospheric regions have only one thing in common, by definition, their cold climate. At the core of each is an area of ice and snow—the massive Antarctic ice cap generating the most extreme low temperatures, including the world record low of –89.5oC recorded at the Russian Vostok Statio ...
... These three cryospheric regions have only one thing in common, by definition, their cold climate. At the core of each is an area of ice and snow—the massive Antarctic ice cap generating the most extreme low temperatures, including the world record low of –89.5oC recorded at the Russian Vostok Statio ...
Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on marin
... change is thus causing alterations to marine ecosystems with impacts that are evident from polar to tropical regions (Harley et al. 2006, Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007, IPCC 2007, Poloczanska et al. 2007, Przeslawski et al. 2008, Brierley & Kingsford 2009, Mueter & Litzow 2009). Ocean warming is implic ...
... change is thus causing alterations to marine ecosystems with impacts that are evident from polar to tropical regions (Harley et al. 2006, Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007, IPCC 2007, Poloczanska et al. 2007, Przeslawski et al. 2008, Brierley & Kingsford 2009, Mueter & Litzow 2009). Ocean warming is implic ...
WCRP Grand Challenge: Regional Sea Level Change and Coastal
... coastal cities and deltas. However, there is a lack of evidence to attribute rising climate-‐ induced sea level to coastal impacts (IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 18, section 3.3), by the end of the ...
... coastal cities and deltas. However, there is a lack of evidence to attribute rising climate-‐ induced sea level to coastal impacts (IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 18, section 3.3), by the end of the ...
Consistent increase in Indian monsoon rainfall and its variability
... that the Indian summer monsoon intensifies in the future, mainly in response to the increased moisture content under various CO2 forcings. Studies based on CMIP-5 models under RCP-4.5 scenario project an increase in global mean precipitation of around 3.2 % K−1 (Hsu et al., 2013) and a larger increa ...
... that the Indian summer monsoon intensifies in the future, mainly in response to the increased moisture content under various CO2 forcings. Studies based on CMIP-5 models under RCP-4.5 scenario project an increase in global mean precipitation of around 3.2 % K−1 (Hsu et al., 2013) and a larger increa ...
NPN-NPS Collaboration - USA National Phenology Network
... monitoring of plant, animal and landscape phenology, using methods and procedures consistent with USA-NPN guidance. A tight synergistic relationship between routine monitoring and research should be encouraged. Parks contain some of the most protected and unaltered landscapes that can serve as ‘base ...
... monitoring of plant, animal and landscape phenology, using methods and procedures consistent with USA-NPN guidance. A tight synergistic relationship between routine monitoring and research should be encouraged. Parks contain some of the most protected and unaltered landscapes that can serve as ‘base ...
land use and climate changes and their impacts on runoff in the
... The YZRB is part of Indian Ocean water system. It exhibits obvious variation in its climate from upstream to downstream regions of the basin, which are caused by the location and the topographical features of the QinghaiTibet Plateau. The upstream region, which is located within a frigid zone with a ...
... The YZRB is part of Indian Ocean water system. It exhibits obvious variation in its climate from upstream to downstream regions of the basin, which are caused by the location and the topographical features of the QinghaiTibet Plateau. The upstream region, which is located within a frigid zone with a ...
Climate Change in the Midwest - Climate Adaptation Knowledge
... This report is published as one of a series of technical inputs to the Third National Climate Assessment (NCA) report. The NCA is being conducted under the auspices of the Global Change Research Act of 1990, which requires a report to the President and Congress every four years on the status of clim ...
... This report is published as one of a series of technical inputs to the Third National Climate Assessment (NCA) report. The NCA is being conducted under the auspices of the Global Change Research Act of 1990, which requires a report to the President and Congress every four years on the status of clim ...
Stockholm University
... The ocean component uses a tri-polar grid with poles over northern North America, Siberia and Antarctica and a resolution of about 1° and 42 vertical levels. It is based on NEMO version 2.0 and includes the Louvain la Neuve seaice model version 2 (LIM2, Fichefet and Morales Maqueda 1997; Bouillon et ...
... The ocean component uses a tri-polar grid with poles over northern North America, Siberia and Antarctica and a resolution of about 1° and 42 vertical levels. It is based on NEMO version 2.0 and includes the Louvain la Neuve seaice model version 2 (LIM2, Fichefet and Morales Maqueda 1997; Bouillon et ...
Cloud feedback mechanisms and their representation in global
... forcing simulated by global climate models (GCMs). We review the main mechanisms for cloud feedbacks, and discuss their representation in climate models and the sources of inter-model spread. Global-mean cloud feedback in GCMs results from three main effects: (1 ...
... forcing simulated by global climate models (GCMs). We review the main mechanisms for cloud feedbacks, and discuss their representation in climate models and the sources of inter-model spread. Global-mean cloud feedback in GCMs results from three main effects: (1 ...
Climate Models: An Assessment of Strengths and Limitations
... decades, the range of equilibrium climate sensitivity obtained from models is roughly consistent with estimates from observations of recent and past climates. The canonical threefold range of uncertainty, 1.5 to 4.5°C, has evolved very slowly. The lower limit has been nearly unchanged over time, wit ...
... decades, the range of equilibrium climate sensitivity obtained from models is roughly consistent with estimates from observations of recent and past climates. The canonical threefold range of uncertainty, 1.5 to 4.5°C, has evolved very slowly. The lower limit has been nearly unchanged over time, wit ...
Surveys of scientists' views on climate change
Several surveys have been conducted of the opinions of scientists on anthropogenic climate change. They have generally concluded that the majority of scientists believe that human activity is contributing to global warming.