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Space Weather
Space Weather

Astronomy 112: The Physics of Stars Class 9 Notes: Polytropes With
Astronomy 112: The Physics of Stars Class 9 Notes: Polytropes With

... where Ka is the adiabatic constant and adiabatic index. It is important to understand the difference between this relation and the polytropic relation. The polytropic relation describes how the pressure changes with density inside as one moves through a star, while the adiabatic equation of state de ...
Stars and Their Life Cycles
Stars and Their Life Cycles

... • A nebula is a cloud of dust, hydrogen gas and plasma. • The material clumps together to form larger masses that eventually are big enough to form a protostar. • This is the first stage in the star life cycle. • Nebulae often create star-forming regions, such as the Eagle Nebula. ...
CHP 19
CHP 19

... Protoplanets of the Jovian planets could have grown very hot from a. heat from the sun. b. radioactivity of light elements such as hydrogen and helium. c. the infall of material at high velocity. d. tidal forces due to the sun. e. collisions with large planetesimals. If the terrestrial planets forme ...
Papervision3D star (sun) tutorial and source - 02
Papervision3D star (sun) tutorial and source - 02

Chapter 12 Lecture 2
Chapter 12 Lecture 2

Life on Other Worlds
Life on Other Worlds

秋 夕(七言絕句) 作者:杜牧 銀燭秋光冷畫屏,輕羅小扇撲流螢。 天階夜色
秋 夕(七言絕句) 作者:杜牧 銀燭秋光冷畫屏,輕羅小扇撲流螢。 天階夜色

... Virgo is known as a spring constellation because, although you can see some or all of its stars on most nights of the year, the stars put on their best display in the evening sky during spring. Although blue-white Spica is Virgo's only bright star, it is the 16th-brightest star in the night sky. It ...
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with answers

... ○ “The helium "ashes" left behind are denser than hydrogen, so the hydrogen/helium mix in the Sun's core is very slowly becoming denser, thus raising the pressure. This causes the nuclear reactions to run a little hotter. After another 4.8 billion years, the Sun will be about 67% brighter than it is ...
The Electric Climate versus Flat-Earth Science
The Electric Climate versus Flat-Earth Science

Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis
Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis

HR Diagrams
HR Diagrams

... a. Based on your plot, does temperature of a star relate to its mass? Why or why not? b. What is the shape of the graph? What type of relationship does this indicate? 7. Repeat this process to determine the relationship exist between: a. Luminosity and colour? b. Radius and mass? c. Mass and colour? ...
3-D movies and Planetarium Two
3-D movies and Planetarium Two

... explore the night sky no matter what the weather is like outside. They will see thousands of stars accurately positioned along with the glow of the Milky Way, the constellations, the Moon and planets, as well as galaxies and star clusters. See representations of the sky speeded up so you can witness ...
Talk - Physik in Würzburg
Talk - Physik in Würzburg

... SNO 2001+2002; KamLAND 2002) ...
Lecture notes 17: Active Galaxies
Lecture notes 17: Active Galaxies

... dominated by non-thermal radiation and emission lines indicative of energetic processes with line widths indicating velocities of up to 10 000 km/s. Radio quiet quasars (QSO’s) are observed to associated with spiral galaxies while the radio loud quasars are found in elliptical galaxies. A large perc ...
Scholarship Earth and Space Science (93104) 2015
Scholarship Earth and Space Science (93104) 2015

Lyman-α observations of astrospheres
Lyman-α observations of astrospheres

Solar Convection Zone
Solar Convection Zone

... Numerical simulations, on the other hand, are capable of handling all these complications, provided the necessary level of detail is included in the numerical model. Thus, in order to adequately describe the surface boundary layer, it is necessary to adopt an equation of state that takes into accoun ...
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... large frequency waves are located. Which end of the Electromagnetic spectrum has the largest frequencies? __________________________. Is this the same end that has the largest wavelengths? ___________. Does the electromagnetic spectrum seem to be organized or arranged based on frequency and waveleng ...
The Space Environment It is a great privilege to be invited to share
The Space Environment It is a great privilege to be invited to share

... miles per hour or more. In the upper atmosphere the winds commonly blow at 100 to 200 mph with velocities 2 or three times greater during times of solar activity. To appreciate what happens we must visualize the Sun in terms of more than just a constant heat and light source that we generally take f ...
Astronomy 110 Announcements: Life and Death of a Low Mass Star
Astronomy 110 Announcements: Life and Death of a Low Mass Star

... Helium fusion requires higher temperatures than hydrogen fusion because larger charge leads to greater repulsion Fusion of two helium nuclei doesn’t work, so helium fusion must combine three He nuclei to make carbon ! “Triple ...
Astrophysics - Cathkin High School
Astrophysics - Cathkin High School

... surprising to find that the rate of loss of hydrogen from the Earth’s atmosphere to outer space is considerable. In fact there is very little hydrogen remaining in the atmosphere. Oxygen molecules on the other hand simply have too small a velocity to escape the pull of the Earth. The Moon has no atm ...
printer-friendly sample test questions
printer-friendly sample test questions

... 8. When fusion of hydrogen ceases in our Sun’s core, the Sun will A. explode as a supernova. B. collapse into white dwarf star. C. contract into a black hole. D. expand into a red giant star. 9. Stellar black holes are remnants of very high-mass stars. These black holes will A. pull in matter from d ...
Space Study Guide
Space Study Guide

Folie 1
Folie 1

... spontaneous collapse of the cloud. • During the initial parts of its contraction, a cloud won't heat up -- radiation escapes and carries away the energy. The Jeans mass decreases because T is staying constant but the density is increasing. Eventually the cloud breaks into fragments which in turn col ...
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Standard solar model

The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by several differential equations derived from basic physical principles. The model is constrained by boundary conditions, namely the luminosity, radius, age and composition of the Sun, which are well determined. The age of the Sun cannot be measured directly; one way to estimate it is from the age of the oldest meteorites, and models of the evolution of the Solar System. The composition in the photosphere of the modern-day Sun, by mass, is 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2 percent of the mass. The SSM is used to test the validity of stellar evolution theory. In fact, the only way to determine the two free parameters of the stellar evolution model, the helium abundance and the mixing length parameter (used to model convection in the Sun), are to adjust the SSM to ""fit"" the observed Sun.
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