Ch.11 Massive star death
... involving iron do not release energy • Iron-56 has lowest mass per nuclear particle • Highest “binding energy” of all the elements ...
... involving iron do not release energy • Iron-56 has lowest mass per nuclear particle • Highest “binding energy” of all the elements ...
Anna Frebel nucleosynthesis, stars + chemical evolution
... Stellar ‘abundances’ are number density calculations with respect to H and the solar value On a scale where H is 12.0: ...
... Stellar ‘abundances’ are number density calculations with respect to H and the solar value On a scale where H is 12.0: ...
Elemental Synthesis in the Universe
... The Problem: While most elemental abundances can be accounted for by nucleosynthesis in the Big Bang or in stellar systems, the method or site of production of very light elements Li, Be, and B (l-elements) cannot be determined well. The triple alpha process bypasses these products. The l-elements a ...
... The Problem: While most elemental abundances can be accounted for by nucleosynthesis in the Big Bang or in stellar systems, the method or site of production of very light elements Li, Be, and B (l-elements) cannot be determined well. The triple alpha process bypasses these products. The l-elements a ...
Supernovae Oct 19 − Supernova 1987A
... What is the only element at the start? How many neutrons does it have? At what time did some gold form? Gold has 79 protons. Is this gold stable? At the end of the calculation, how many protons does the nucleus with the most protons have? What is the time at the end of the calculation? Are the end p ...
... What is the only element at the start? How many neutrons does it have? At what time did some gold form? Gold has 79 protons. Is this gold stable? At the end of the calculation, how many protons does the nucleus with the most protons have? What is the time at the end of the calculation? Are the end p ...
Star-Gas-Star Cycle Powerpoint
... Generations of stars continue to recycle the same galactic matter through their cores. There is a gradual overall increase in the abundance of elements made by fusion. 70% Hydrogen 28% Helium 2% “heavy” elements CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT is the increase of “heavy” elements due to on-going star birth a ...
... Generations of stars continue to recycle the same galactic matter through their cores. There is a gradual overall increase in the abundance of elements made by fusion. 70% Hydrogen 28% Helium 2% “heavy” elements CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT is the increase of “heavy” elements due to on-going star birth a ...
Częstość występowania pierwiastków we Wszechświecie
... Most standard (baryonic) matter is found in the form of atoms or plasma, although there are many other unusual kinds of matter. Other forms of baryonic matter include white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes. Standard matter also exists as photons (mostly in the cosmic microwave background) and n ...
... Most standard (baryonic) matter is found in the form of atoms or plasma, although there are many other unusual kinds of matter. Other forms of baryonic matter include white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes. Standard matter also exists as photons (mostly in the cosmic microwave background) and n ...
BBN + Inflation
... Big Bang Nucleosynthesis • Around 10-9 s, quarks froze out into protons and neutrons, note neutrons are unstable, but lifetime is long enough, 15 minutes. • When did nuclei form? Simplest nucleus is deuterium, D, consists of p+n. Energy to dissociate D is 2.2 MeV, which is 160,000 that needed to di ...
... Big Bang Nucleosynthesis • Around 10-9 s, quarks froze out into protons and neutrons, note neutrons are unstable, but lifetime is long enough, 15 minutes. • When did nuclei form? Simplest nucleus is deuterium, D, consists of p+n. Energy to dissociate D is 2.2 MeV, which is 160,000 that needed to di ...
tire
... 8. The newest satellite that is mapping the cosmic microwave background radiation in greater detail than ever before. 9. The astronomer who first determined that most galaxies are moving away from us, indicating an expanding universe. 10. The time when our universe cooled enough that neutral atoms f ...
... 8. The newest satellite that is mapping the cosmic microwave background radiation in greater detail than ever before. 9. The astronomer who first determined that most galaxies are moving away from us, indicating an expanding universe. 10. The time when our universe cooled enough that neutral atoms f ...
Astro 10: Introductory Astronomy
... clear thinking. My own “Chapter 0” on the principles of clear thinking and scientific method ...
... clear thinking. My own “Chapter 0” on the principles of clear thinking and scientific method ...
Big Bang Theory - Clark Planetarium
... • Protons, anti-protons, neutrons and anti-neutrons begin to form • As a proton or neutron collides with its anti-particle they annihilate and are converted to energy in the form of ...
... • Protons, anti-protons, neutrons and anti-neutrons begin to form • As a proton or neutron collides with its anti-particle they annihilate and are converted to energy in the form of ...
Barium Stars Observed with the Coude Echelle Spectrometer
... The optical counterpart of the pulsating X-ray source H 2252035 appeared to be an interesting object for optical astronomers also. In the X-ray domain it shows the same characterislics as other pulsars. Its X-ray emission is modulated with a period of about 805 s, the pulse amplitude being about 25 ...
... The optical counterpart of the pulsating X-ray source H 2252035 appeared to be an interesting object for optical astronomers also. In the X-ray domain it shows the same characterislics as other pulsars. Its X-ray emission is modulated with a period of about 805 s, the pulse amplitude being about 25 ...
Stellar Evolution
... Sunlike stars: With a mass between .4 and 4 solar masses, use fusion to combine hydrogen into helium.When they run out of hydrogen (6 trillion to 310 million years), the outer layers of the star expand into a “red giant” while the core contracts and starts to fuse helium into carbon and oxygen. The ...
... Sunlike stars: With a mass between .4 and 4 solar masses, use fusion to combine hydrogen into helium.When they run out of hydrogen (6 trillion to 310 million years), the outer layers of the star expand into a “red giant” while the core contracts and starts to fuse helium into carbon and oxygen. The ...
The Universe Fine-Tuned for Life
... If the magnitude of strong interaction were greater by only two percent, two protons could combine to form a nucleus made of just two protons. This process, which is governed by strong interaction, would be much more rapid than the deuteron formation, which is governed by weak interaction. In this c ...
... If the magnitude of strong interaction were greater by only two percent, two protons could combine to form a nucleus made of just two protons. This process, which is governed by strong interaction, would be much more rapid than the deuteron formation, which is governed by weak interaction. In this c ...
The Big Bang - Cobb Learning
... of the other dots (galaxies) change each time you inflated the balloon? Did the galaxies near home or those farther away appear to move the greatest distance? How do you think that Hubble's Law: (the farther something is from Earth, the faster it seemed to be moving away), helped explain the Big Ban ...
... of the other dots (galaxies) change each time you inflated the balloon? Did the galaxies near home or those farther away appear to move the greatest distance? How do you think that Hubble's Law: (the farther something is from Earth, the faster it seemed to be moving away), helped explain the Big Ban ...
Section 3-3(rev04) 2
... nubula. It is the source of all stars. Gravity pulls the gases closer together and they heat up. This is called a protostar. A star is born when the gases and dust become hot enough for nuclear fusion to take place. Nuclear fusion is the process in which hydrogen is changed to helium. Other elements ...
... nubula. It is the source of all stars. Gravity pulls the gases closer together and they heat up. This is called a protostar. A star is born when the gases and dust become hot enough for nuclear fusion to take place. Nuclear fusion is the process in which hydrogen is changed to helium. Other elements ...
Document
... then • Pressure arises from the random motions of particles. Thus, for electrons, even if the temperature is 0 K, they still have motion resulting from quantum mechanical effects (& !px different by at least h/!x such as not to violate the exclusion principle), especially if #x is small ...
... then • Pressure arises from the random motions of particles. Thus, for electrons, even if the temperature is 0 K, they still have motion resulting from quantum mechanical effects (& !px different by at least h/!x such as not to violate the exclusion principle), especially if #x is small ...
Exam 4 Study Guide
... Hubble’s Law states that a galaxy’s recessional velocity depends on its distance. The temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation is 2.8 K. Type Ia supernovae provide the critical evidence for the accelerating expansion of the Universe. The Universe is 13.8 billion years old. The c ...
... Hubble’s Law states that a galaxy’s recessional velocity depends on its distance. The temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation is 2.8 K. Type Ia supernovae provide the critical evidence for the accelerating expansion of the Universe. The Universe is 13.8 billion years old. The c ...
Homework 5
... Due November 9, 2012 at 5 p.m., either electronically or on paper. 1. What is a stellar association, how big are they, how many stars do they contain, how long do they last? Finally, what is their fate? ...
... Due November 9, 2012 at 5 p.m., either electronically or on paper. 1. What is a stellar association, how big are they, how many stars do they contain, how long do they last? Finally, what is their fate? ...
Stellar Evolution
... taken. They form about the same way, only hydrogen is used up faster, because they are so bright. These massive stars become red giants many times, each time it uses up a new layer of gases by fusing different elements together. ...
... taken. They form about the same way, only hydrogen is used up faster, because they are so bright. These massive stars become red giants many times, each time it uses up a new layer of gases by fusing different elements together. ...
pdf of paper
... Intermediate stages of fusion and decay make many different elements, all the way up to iron. The iron nucleus occupies a special place in nuclear physics and, by extension, in the composition of the universe. Iron is the most tightly bound nucleus. Lighter nuclei, when fusing together, release ener ...
... Intermediate stages of fusion and decay make many different elements, all the way up to iron. The iron nucleus occupies a special place in nuclear physics and, by extension, in the composition of the universe. Iron is the most tightly bound nucleus. Lighter nuclei, when fusing together, release ener ...
ppt
... Only lasts a few million years. When H is exhausted, core contracts, gets hot enough for helium-burning (makes carbon). When He exhausted, core contracts and gets hot enough for carbon burning. And so on… until the core is turned into iron (the most stable element). ...
... Only lasts a few million years. When H is exhausted, core contracts, gets hot enough for helium-burning (makes carbon). When He exhausted, core contracts and gets hot enough for carbon burning. And so on… until the core is turned into iron (the most stable element). ...
t 0 (radioactive decay)
... solar system. In the 1950s, Claire Patterson and colleagues showed that iron meteorites contain information about the abundances of Pb isotopes at the time the solar system formed [De Laeter, 2006]. By comparing the ratios of 207Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb in a series of meteorites and ocean sediments, ...
... solar system. In the 1950s, Claire Patterson and colleagues showed that iron meteorites contain information about the abundances of Pb isotopes at the time the solar system formed [De Laeter, 2006]. By comparing the ratios of 207Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb in a series of meteorites and ocean sediments, ...
Big Bang Quiz
... 8) Which of the following is true? a) The temperature of space in the universe is 0 Kelvin. b) A tiny amount of heat left over from the Big Bang is spread around the universe. c) Galaxies and the space between them are the same temperature. d) There is no evidence for the Big Bang beyond the expandi ...
... 8) Which of the following is true? a) The temperature of space in the universe is 0 Kelvin. b) A tiny amount of heat left over from the Big Bang is spread around the universe. c) Galaxies and the space between them are the same temperature. d) There is no evidence for the Big Bang beyond the expandi ...
Nucleosynthesis
Nucleosynthesis is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons, primarily protons and neutrons. The first nuclei were formed about three minutes after the Big Bang, through the process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis. It was then that hydrogen and helium formed to become the content of the first stars, and this primeval process is responsible for the present hydrogen/helium ratio of the cosmos.With the formation of stars, heavier nuclei were created from hydrogen and helium by stellar nucleosynthesis, a process that continues today. Some of these elements, particularly those lighter than iron, continue to be delivered to the interstellar medium when low mass stars eject their outer envelope before they collapse to form white dwarfs. The remains of their ejected mass form the planetary nebulae observable throughout our galaxy.Supernova nucleosynthesis within exploding stars by fusing carbon and oxygen is responsible for the abundances of elements between magnesium (atomic number 12) and nickel (atomic number 28). Supernova nucleosynthesis is also thought to be responsible for the creation of rarer elements heavier than iron and nickel, in the last few seconds of a type II supernova event. The synthesis of these heavier elements absorbs energy (endothermic) as they are created, from the energy produced during the supernova explosion. Some of those elements are created from the absorption of multiple neutrons (the R process) in the period of a few seconds during the explosion. The elements formed in supernovas include the heaviest elements known, such as the long-lived elements uranium and thorium.Cosmic ray spallation, caused when cosmic rays impact the interstellar medium and fragment larger atomic species, is a significant source of the lighter nuclei, particularly 3He, 9Be and 10,11B, that are not created by stellar nucleosynthesis.In addition to the fusion processes responsible for the growing abundances of elements in the universe, a few minor natural processes continue to produce very small numbers of new nuclides on Earth. These nuclides contribute little to their abundances, but may account for the presence of specific new nuclei. These nuclides are produced via radiogenesis (decay) of long-lived, heavy, primordial radionuclides such as uranium and thorium. Cosmic ray bombardment of elements on Earth also contribute to the presence of rare, short-lived atomic species called cosmogenic nuclides.