Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Exam 4 Study Guide
Document related concepts
Transcript
Exam4StudyGuide ThisguideismeanttoassistwithstudyingforExam4onApril17.However,itisnot comprehensive.Thisguideincludestopicswhichmightnotbeonthisexam(butwhich mightbeonthefinal).Itisalsopossiblethatsomethingnotspecificallymentionedon theguidemaybeontheexam.However,remembereverythingontheexamisinthe slidesinsomeform.YoumayNOTusethissheetwhenyouaretakingtheexam.Seeif youcanfillintheblankonthesequestions(ourexamwillstillbemultiplechoice) Hubble’sLawstatesthatagalaxy’srecessionalvelocitydependsonitsdistance. Thetemperatureofthecosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiationis2.8K. TypeIasupernovaeprovidethecriticalevidencefortheacceleratingexpansionof theUniverse. TheUniverseis13.8billionyearsold. ThecompositionoftheprimordialgasafterBigBangnucleosynthesiswas25%He and75%H. MACHOstandsforMassiveAstrophysicalCompactHaloObject. WIMPstandsforWeaklyInteractingMassiveParticle. MostdarkmatterisintheformofWIMPS. Visiblebaryonicmatterisabout1%ofthemass-energycontentoftheUniverse. TheUniverseisroughly73%darkenergy,22%WIMPS,4%MACHOS,1% baryonicmatter. Protonsandneutronshavethreequarks. Thefourfundamentalforcesaregravity,theweakforce,thestrongforce,and electromagnetism. Thefirstforcetobreakoff(emerge)wasgravity. Thelastforcestobreakoffwereweakandelectromagnetism. TheGrandUnifiedTheory(GUT)combineselectromagnetism,theweakforce, andthestrongforce. BasedonsupernovaedatatheUniversewillkeepexpandingatafasterrate. Wehaveabout120meteoritesfromMars. OfthesoilsamplesstudiedbyViking,3of4showedcompatibilitywiththepresence oflife. ThemoonsofJupiterthatmighthostlifeareEuropa,Ganymede,andCallisto. ThemoonofSaturnfromwhichtheCassinimissionobservedgeysersofwater eruptingisEnceladus. Thefirstatomsformed380,000yearsaftertheBigBang. Thecosmologicalbackgroundradiationshouldberedbutisactuallyinmicrowave frequenciesbecauseofDopplershiftduetotheexpansionoftheUniverse. Pioneer11wassentfromEarthwithaplaquecarryingamessageforaliens. TheVoyagerprobeseachcontainedagoldenrecordwithsounds,images,and musicfromEarth. Questionsyoucananswertostudy.Seeifyoucanwriteyourown multiplechoicequestionforthesetopics! WhatweretheerasoftheUniverseinorder? Plank,GUT,electroweak,particleera,eraofnucleosynthesis,eraofnuceli,era ofatoms,eraofgalaxies WhatdoesinflationanswerabouttheUniverse? Itexplainswhyregionsseparatedbyregionsbeyond(ageofuniverse)*(speedof light)havesimilarproperties. Whatarethepropertiesoflife? Lifeisorganized,usesenergytosurvive,growsanddevelops,adapts, reproduces,hashomeostasis,andrespondstostimuli. Whataretherequirementsoflife? Lifeneedsaliquid(ex.Water),anenergysource,andmaterialsforcomplex chemistry. WhatistheHabitableZone?Howdoesitdependonlocationrelativetothestar? TheHabitableZoneistheregionaroundastarwhereliquidwatercanexist. Hotterstarshavehabitablezonesfurtherfromthestarwhilecoolerstarshave closerhabitablezones. WhatistheFermiParadox? TheFermiParadoxaskswhyextraterrestrialshavenotbeenfoundorcontacted usiftheyarecommon. WhatistheDrakeEquation? TheDrakeequationisawayofestimatingthenumberofcivilizationsinthe galaxyusingacombinationofastronomical,biological,andsociological estimates.
