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EVERY CONNECTED SUM OF LENS SPACES IS A REAL
EVERY CONNECTED SUM OF LENS SPACES IS A REAL

local contractibility, cell-like maps, and dimension
local contractibility, cell-like maps, and dimension

... a continuous surjection /: X -» Y between compact spaces is called cell-like provided that f~l(y) has trivial shape for every y e Y. One of the most outstanding open problems in geometric topology is whether a cell-like map of a compactum can raise dimension. This problem is known as the "cell-like ...
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... We now turn to the unitary group U∞ . We first recall some notation and basic facts about the Hilbert space H and its unitary group U (H). A linear operator T : H → H is unitary if hT u, T vi = hu, vi, for all u, v ∈ H. The group operation of U (H) is the composition of unitary operators. The above ...
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... Definition 2.3. A topological space (X, ) is said to be T½-space [5] if every g-closed set in it is closed. Definition 2.4. Let (X, , I) be an ideal space. A subset A is said to be (i) Ig-closed [3] if A* U whenever AU and U is open. (ii) Ig-locally *-closed [7] if there exist an Ig-open set U a ...
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2. Direct and inverse images.

... (2.11) Example. Even when the homomorphism u : F → G is a homomorphism of sheaves the presheaf H of Section (2.?) does not have to be a sheaf. Let X = {x0 , x1 , x2 } be the topological space with open sets ∅, X, U0 = {x0 }, U1 = {x0 , x1 }, U2 = {x0 , x2 }. The constant presheaf F on X with fiber Z ...
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Fundamental group

In the mathematics of algebraic topology, the fundamental group is a mathematical group associated to any given pointed topological space that provides a way to determine when two paths, starting and ending at a fixed base point, can be continuously deformed into each other. It records information about the basic shape, or holes, of the topological space. The fundamental group is the first and simplest homotopy group. The fundamental group is a topological invariant: homeomorphic topological spaces have the same fundamental group.Fundamental groups can be studied using the theory of covering spaces, since a fundamental group coincides with the group of deck transformations of the associated universal covering space. The abelianization of the fundamental group can be identified with the first homology group of the space. When the topological space is homeomorphic to a simplicial complex, its fundamental group can be described explicitly in terms of generators and relations.Henri Poincaré defined the fundamental group in 1895 in his paper ""Analysis situs"". The concept emerged in the theory of Riemann surfaces, in the work of Bernhard Riemann, Poincaré, and Felix Klein. It describes the monodromy properties of complex-valued functions, as well as providing a complete topological classification of closed surfaces.
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