Notes Ch 15
... • Linkage may be “strong” or “weak”. • Strong Linkage means that 2 alleles are often inherited together. ...
... • Linkage may be “strong” or “weak”. • Strong Linkage means that 2 alleles are often inherited together. ...
Mitosis Phases only
... Made up of G1, S, G2 METAPHASE ________________ Chromosomes line up in middle of cell ...
... Made up of G1, S, G2 METAPHASE ________________ Chromosomes line up in middle of cell ...
CELL DIVISION
... the nucleoli become less visible and the nuclear membrane is fragmented. b. PROMETAPHASE - is an intermediate stage between prophase and metaphase: ...
... the nucleoli become less visible and the nuclear membrane is fragmented. b. PROMETAPHASE - is an intermediate stage between prophase and metaphase: ...
General comparisons between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells:
... chromatin condenses into chromosomes that pair with their duplicate: sister chromatids attached by a centromere nuclear envelope breaks down centrioles migrate to opposite poles spindle fibers form and attach to centromeres ...
... chromatin condenses into chromosomes that pair with their duplicate: sister chromatids attached by a centromere nuclear envelope breaks down centrioles migrate to opposite poles spindle fibers form and attach to centromeres ...
Sem2 Final SG 12 Part1
... 7. If the DNA strand read AGCT, what would be the sequence on the RNA strand that is made from it? 8. _____________________ is the process of making RNA from ________ in the _____________ of the cell. 9. Every mRNA triplet is called a ________, and the corresponding tRNA bases are called the _______ ...
... 7. If the DNA strand read AGCT, what would be the sequence on the RNA strand that is made from it? 8. _____________________ is the process of making RNA from ________ in the _____________ of the cell. 9. Every mRNA triplet is called a ________, and the corresponding tRNA bases are called the _______ ...
Lecture 19: Powerpoint
... separated, and one set of chromosomes moves along the spindle microtubule to each pole of the cell. Cell still diploid, but chromosomes now are only single chromatids ...
... separated, and one set of chromosomes moves along the spindle microtubule to each pole of the cell. Cell still diploid, but chromosomes now are only single chromatids ...
The Cell Cycle
... after replication, it may be two coiled DNA molecules held together at the center. The area it is held together is called “centromere” ...
... after replication, it may be two coiled DNA molecules held together at the center. The area it is held together is called “centromere” ...
Ch44a-Plant_reproduction
... Parts of the plant, such as leaves or stems, produce roots and become an independent plant. • List some benefits and some drawbacks to asexual reproduction. ...
... Parts of the plant, such as leaves or stems, produce roots and become an independent plant. • List some benefits and some drawbacks to asexual reproduction. ...
Biology Mitosis / Meiosis 2012 – 2013 #3
... A. Deletion = part of the chromosome is broken off and lost B. Duplication = part of the chromosome breaks off and attaches to its homologous chromosome C. Inversion = part of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches backwards D. Translocation = part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a Non-ho ...
... A. Deletion = part of the chromosome is broken off and lost B. Duplication = part of the chromosome breaks off and attaches to its homologous chromosome C. Inversion = part of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches backwards D. Translocation = part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a Non-ho ...
Biology Midterm Review……
... differences between above take place? ATP do they these processes? produce? Aerobic respiration ...
... differences between above take place? ATP do they these processes? produce? Aerobic respiration ...
Chapter 12
... 7. What is a plasmid? 8. Gel electrophoresis separates molecules based on what 2 properties? (Circle which property used in the Lab) 9. Why does DNA move towards the positive end of the electrophoresis box? ...
... 7. What is a plasmid? 8. Gel electrophoresis separates molecules based on what 2 properties? (Circle which property used in the Lab) 9. Why does DNA move towards the positive end of the electrophoresis box? ...
Biology - Bonnabel Home Page
... plants pollen grains contain sperm • Female gametes are called eggs in animals and egg cells in plants • In female animals, cell division at the end of meiosis I and II are uneven, so a single cell becomes an egg and receives most of the cytoplasm • The three other cells are called polar bodies and ...
... plants pollen grains contain sperm • Female gametes are called eggs in animals and egg cells in plants • In female animals, cell division at the end of meiosis I and II are uneven, so a single cell becomes an egg and receives most of the cytoplasm • The three other cells are called polar bodies and ...
26. During interphase each chromosome replicates to two
... 33. The smallest unit able to perform the basic functions of life __________________________ 34. Any change made to the DNA molecule? __________________________ 35. If the two alleles for a gene, are both dominant or both recessive, we say they are __________________________. 36. During fertilizatio ...
... 33. The smallest unit able to perform the basic functions of life __________________________ 34. Any change made to the DNA molecule? __________________________ 35. If the two alleles for a gene, are both dominant or both recessive, we say they are __________________________. 36. During fertilizatio ...
TEACHER NOTES AND ANSWERS Section 7.1
... Autosomes—all chromosomes other than sex chromosomes; do not directly determine an organism’s sex Autosomal gene expression—two alleles that interact to produce a phenotypic trait; Inheritance of autosomes—Punnett square should demonstrate that inheritance occurs according to Mendel’s rules, one all ...
... Autosomes—all chromosomes other than sex chromosomes; do not directly determine an organism’s sex Autosomal gene expression—two alleles that interact to produce a phenotypic trait; Inheritance of autosomes—Punnett square should demonstrate that inheritance occurs according to Mendel’s rules, one all ...
GENES AND DEVELOPMENT Lecture 11/8. Regulating protein
... chromosomes, chromatids; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase; centriole, centromere, spindle. Explain the function of mitosis in the cell cycle. Diagram mitosis, showing in particular the division of the chromosomes. Given appropriate diagrams, recognize each stage of mitosis. Compa ...
... chromosomes, chromatids; prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, interphase; centriole, centromere, spindle. Explain the function of mitosis in the cell cycle. Diagram mitosis, showing in particular the division of the chromosomes. Given appropriate diagrams, recognize each stage of mitosis. Compa ...
Packet 7 * Cell Reproduction
... • Humans and other multicellular organisms begin as one cell after fertilization occurs. This cell quickly undergoes MITOSIS ______________________ to create identical cells. The one cell becomes 2, the 2 become 4, the 4 become 8 and so on until there is a ball of identical cells. • During the proce ...
... • Humans and other multicellular organisms begin as one cell after fertilization occurs. This cell quickly undergoes MITOSIS ______________________ to create identical cells. The one cell becomes 2, the 2 become 4, the 4 become 8 and so on until there is a ball of identical cells. • During the proce ...
Cellular Reproduction
... Meiosis II begins immediately after Meiosis I, with a short rest in between (no interphase in between). In Meiosis II, sister chromatids separate from one another. ...
... Meiosis II begins immediately after Meiosis I, with a short rest in between (no interphase in between). In Meiosis II, sister chromatids separate from one another. ...
Meiosis
Meiosis /maɪˈoʊsɨs/ is a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multi-celled eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. Errors in meiosis resulting in aneuploidy are the leading known cause of miscarriage and the most frequent genetic cause of developmental disabilities. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The two meiotic divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II. Before meiosis begins, during S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated so that it consists of two identical sister chromatids. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair with each other and can exchange genetic material in a process called chromosomal crossover. The homologous chromosomes are then segregated into two new daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. At the end of meiosis I, sister chromatids remain attached and may differ from one another if crossing-over occurred. In meiosis II, the two cells produced during meiosis I divide again. Sister chromatids segregate from one another to produce four total daughter cells. These cells can mature into various types of gametes such as ova, sperm, spores, or pollen.Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, gametes can fuse (i.e. fertilization) to form a zygote with a complete chromosome count containing a combination of paternal and maternal chromosomes. Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. For example, a typical diploid human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total, half of maternal origin and half of paternal origin). Meiosis produces haploid gametes with one set of 23 chromosomes. When two gametes (an egg and a sperm) fuse, the resulting zygote is once again diploid, with the mother and father each contributing 23 chromosomes. This same pattern, but not the same number of chromosomes, occurs in all organisms that utilize meiosis. Thus, if a species has 30 chromosomes in its somatic cells, it will produce gametes with 15 chromosomes.