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VIRUS
VIRUS

... HN/H/G glycoprotein SPIKES F glycoprotein SPIKES helical nucleocapsid (RNA minus NP protein) ...
Bloodborne Pathogens OSHA Standard
Bloodborne Pathogens OSHA Standard

... be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B, a serious disease. If, in the future I continue to have occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials and I want to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, I can receive the vaccination series at no charge to me. ...
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Initiates file download

... USING ROPES TO DETECT FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS INFECTION IN PIGS It is important to constantly monitor for infectious diseases in high density farms. Pigs are known to excrete large amounts of FMD virus, even before clinical signs are noticed, making it important to detect the virus rapidly. Rop ...
View / pdf version of this article
View / pdf version of this article

... the population increases with age. Mothers with active ...
Slide 1
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ch_13_study guide
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... cycle in which infected host cells grow and reproduce normally for many generations before they lyse. Such a replication cycle is called a lysogenic replication cycle or lysogeny, and the phages involved are called lysogenic phages or temperate phages. After entry into the host cell, the viral genom ...
Bovine Rhinotracheitis- Virus Diarrhea-Parainfluenza3
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USMLE Step 1 Web Prep — Medically Important Viruses, Part 3
USMLE Step 1 Web Prep — Medically Important Viruses, Part 3

... 3. The RNA is copied using the virion-associated reverse transcriptase;ultimately ds DNA with long terminal repeats is made. 4. The DNA and integrase migrate to nucleus and the DNA is integrated into host DNA forming the provirus. The provirus remains in the host DNA. The rate of viral replication i ...
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43. Tumor Viruses

... transformation does not require that progeny virus be produced. Rather, all that is required is the expression of one or, at most, a few viral genes. Note, however, that some tumor viruses transform by inserting their proviral DNA in a manner that activates a cellular oncogene. In most cases, the DN ...
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HIV



The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells. When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.
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