Dengue Virus
... What is promoting the disease? Global warming is causing climate changes which is causing the disease to move to more environments (higher altitudes and amplitudes) More habitats for mosquitoes to thrive in ...
... What is promoting the disease? Global warming is causing climate changes which is causing the disease to move to more environments (higher altitudes and amplitudes) More habitats for mosquitoes to thrive in ...
Zika virus: What does a physician caring for
... includes West Nile, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis and yellow fever viruses. ZIKV was first detected in monkeys in 1947 in the Zika Forest, Uganda. A small number of human cases with nonspecific features were documented in Africa and Asia over the subsequent 60 years (1). Then ...
... includes West Nile, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis and yellow fever viruses. ZIKV was first detected in monkeys in 1947 in the Zika Forest, Uganda. A small number of human cases with nonspecific features were documented in Africa and Asia over the subsequent 60 years (1). Then ...
Indicator Organisms
... – A major cause of epidemic diarrhea throughout the developing world. – Ongoing global pandemic in Asia, Africa and Latin America for the last four decades. ...
... – A major cause of epidemic diarrhea throughout the developing world. – Ongoing global pandemic in Asia, Africa and Latin America for the last four decades. ...
Winter Illnesses - Leamington School
... Children should be kept from school and early childhood services if they have vomiting and/or diarrhoea and should not return until they are well and have had at least 24 hours of no diarrhoea and/or vomiting. These bugs are spread via hands to mouths. They can remain on surfaces such as door handle ...
... Children should be kept from school and early childhood services if they have vomiting and/or diarrhoea and should not return until they are well and have had at least 24 hours of no diarrhoea and/or vomiting. These bugs are spread via hands to mouths. They can remain on surfaces such as door handle ...
20130822150015301
... evolved to increase R0. Reduced larval mortality & increased adult body size leads to high fecundity ...
... evolved to increase R0. Reduced larval mortality & increased adult body size leads to high fecundity ...
Diverse norovirus genotypes identified in sewage-polluted river water in South Africa
... evolution and global spread of NoV strains has been the subject of intense study in the past decade. However, very limited sequence data is available on the NoV strains currently circulating in SA and the African continent ; therefore, it is important to characterize NoVs from this region. In additi ...
... evolution and global spread of NoV strains has been the subject of intense study in the past decade. However, very limited sequence data is available on the NoV strains currently circulating in SA and the African continent ; therefore, it is important to characterize NoVs from this region. In additi ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... • inflammation of liver • inflammation on and ulcers of the colon • may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated) ...
... • inflammation of liver • inflammation on and ulcers of the colon • may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated) ...
07_rabies_outbreaks
... ever recorded. Several notable outbreaks of rabies in skunks occurred in northern Arizona from 20012009. Although skunk-associated virus variants are seen in several parts of North America, the outbreaks in Arizona occurred outside these areas, and were found to be caused by a RABV variant associate ...
... ever recorded. Several notable outbreaks of rabies in skunks occurred in northern Arizona from 20012009. Although skunk-associated virus variants are seen in several parts of North America, the outbreaks in Arizona occurred outside these areas, and were found to be caused by a RABV variant associate ...
Hepatitis Viruses
... 4. Moderate degrees of liver inflammation and necrosis. No vaccine is available. ...
... 4. Moderate degrees of liver inflammation and necrosis. No vaccine is available. ...
Clinical and Epidemiological studies on Lumpy Skin Disease
... Damietta). A total number of 954 (103 native and 851 mixed) cattle breed were examined clinically for LSD. Different clinical forms of the disease were reported and ranged from acute, mild and inapparent forms. Total morbidity and mortality rates were 50.5% and 1.1% among examined cattle respectivel ...
... Damietta). A total number of 954 (103 native and 851 mixed) cattle breed were examined clinically for LSD. Different clinical forms of the disease were reported and ranged from acute, mild and inapparent forms. Total morbidity and mortality rates were 50.5% and 1.1% among examined cattle respectivel ...
viral arthritis
... Reoviruses have been associated with different disease conditions: enteritis, acute and chronic respiratory syndromes, growth retardation, myocarditis, pericarditis, hepatitis, early mortality in poults, bursal and thymic atrophy, and, most recently, the malabsorption syndrome. ...
... Reoviruses have been associated with different disease conditions: enteritis, acute and chronic respiratory syndromes, growth retardation, myocarditis, pericarditis, hepatitis, early mortality in poults, bursal and thymic atrophy, and, most recently, the malabsorption syndrome. ...
WEST NILE VIRUS AND USUTU
... in Czech Republic. They proved that it was related with strains isolated in Austria, Italy, Serbia in 2008, 2011 and 2012 (9). WNV virus was also found in Ukraine. The first reports of humans and birds infections come from seventieths of the XXth century (10). Recently clinical WNV infections were d ...
... in Czech Republic. They proved that it was related with strains isolated in Austria, Italy, Serbia in 2008, 2011 and 2012 (9). WNV virus was also found in Ukraine. The first reports of humans and birds infections come from seventieths of the XXth century (10). Recently clinical WNV infections were d ...
What is a Pandemic Flu? - Louisiana Department of Health and
... What is Seasonal influenza (flu)? Illness caused by the influenza virus Extremely contagious and spreads quickly to others. Symptoms vary from person to person Occurs every year, usually in the fall and winter killing 36,000 people in U.S. ...
... What is Seasonal influenza (flu)? Illness caused by the influenza virus Extremely contagious and spreads quickly to others. Symptoms vary from person to person Occurs every year, usually in the fall and winter killing 36,000 people in U.S. ...
Comparison of chickenpox and shingles (varicella and herpes zoster)
... The first infection with the varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox. After recovery, the virus remains latent (sleeping) in spinal nerves and may reactivate years later, causing shingles. Either Varilrix® or Varivax® can be used to prevent chickenpox. Zostavax® is used to reduce the risk of virus ...
... The first infection with the varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox. After recovery, the virus remains latent (sleeping) in spinal nerves and may reactivate years later, causing shingles. Either Varilrix® or Varivax® can be used to prevent chickenpox. Zostavax® is used to reduce the risk of virus ...
THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION
... • The Life Sciences Today (continued) – “The rapid spread of scientific knowledge and applications owes much to a research culture in which knowledge and biological materials are shared among scientists and people move freely between universities, government agencies, and private industry. Large num ...
... • The Life Sciences Today (continued) – “The rapid spread of scientific knowledge and applications owes much to a research culture in which knowledge and biological materials are shared among scientists and people move freely between universities, government agencies, and private industry. Large num ...
Slide 1
... swine play a role in maintenance or spread of HPAI • To date we don not have indications that wildlife (free flying aquatic birds) are mayor players in constant introductions of HPAI, although new genetic material is always a possibility. • Separation of species in village livelihoods or commercial ...
... swine play a role in maintenance or spread of HPAI • To date we don not have indications that wildlife (free flying aquatic birds) are mayor players in constant introductions of HPAI, although new genetic material is always a possibility. • Separation of species in village livelihoods or commercial ...
Stability of an infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolate
... The tolerance of aquatic birnaviruses to freezing and thawing has been reported to be extremely variable between strains (McMichael et al. 1975). Although laboratory and natural conditions are indeed different, the present results may indicate that IPNV dispersed in nature remain infectious after lo ...
... The tolerance of aquatic birnaviruses to freezing and thawing has been reported to be extremely variable between strains (McMichael et al. 1975). Although laboratory and natural conditions are indeed different, the present results may indicate that IPNV dispersed in nature remain infectious after lo ...
refractoriness of Indian Aedes aegypti to oral Infection with Yellow
... the virus to humans3,4. An estimated 200,000 cases of yellow fever occurs each year worldwide, with the case-fatality rate of ~15 per cent5. From 1700 to early 1900, YF outbreaks were recorded, however close study of this disease was done during Spanish-American War and construction of the Panama Ca ...
... the virus to humans3,4. An estimated 200,000 cases of yellow fever occurs each year worldwide, with the case-fatality rate of ~15 per cent5. From 1700 to early 1900, YF outbreaks were recorded, however close study of this disease was done during Spanish-American War and construction of the Panama Ca ...
Human Immunoglobulin as a Treatment for West Nile Virus Infection
... fluid [26]. There are several limitations to the study by Ben-Nathan et al. [5]. One concern is that success was shown in animal models when antibody was given during the viremic phase; however, nearly all patients with West Nile virus infection are no longer viremic when they present, and most have ...
... fluid [26]. There are several limitations to the study by Ben-Nathan et al. [5]. One concern is that success was shown in animal models when antibody was given during the viremic phase; however, nearly all patients with West Nile virus infection are no longer viremic when they present, and most have ...
Miscellaneous proposal
... This change is extremely important to OIE and National disease surveillance and control programmes. The increased cost and restrictions on shipping posed by UN 2900 and UN 2814 for tissues submitted for diagnosis will significantly curtail control programmes for animal diseases. This restriction wil ...
... This change is extremely important to OIE and National disease surveillance and control programmes. The increased cost and restrictions on shipping posed by UN 2900 and UN 2814 for tissues submitted for diagnosis will significantly curtail control programmes for animal diseases. This restriction wil ...
Emerging Infectious Disease: A Computational Multi
... Computational modeling approach for epidemiological modeling – too complex! Agent-based approach – can be easily adopted and extended The standard SIR model developed by Kermack and McKendrick ...
... Computational modeling approach for epidemiological modeling – too complex! Agent-based approach – can be easily adopted and extended The standard SIR model developed by Kermack and McKendrick ...
What You Should Know About Chicken Pox
... What You Should Know About Chicken Pox Chickenpox is a very contagious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. Most children in the United States experience chickenpox before they are school-aged. A vaccine against chickenpox is now available. Although chickenpox is not a serious disease for m ...
... What You Should Know About Chicken Pox Chickenpox is a very contagious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. Most children in the United States experience chickenpox before they are school-aged. A vaccine against chickenpox is now available. Although chickenpox is not a serious disease for m ...
Norovirus
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.