Interference with research - GV
... Many agents may have impact on physiologic parameters and thus on the results of animal experiments independent from their pathogenic potential. Further, infections may increase interindividual variability. This may result in increased numbers of animals necessary to achieve significant results. Dir ...
... Many agents may have impact on physiologic parameters and thus on the results of animal experiments independent from their pathogenic potential. Further, infections may increase interindividual variability. This may result in increased numbers of animals necessary to achieve significant results. Dir ...
Comparative pathologic, immunologic and clinical responses
... the second temperature rise and persisted for an average of five days. Oral lesions appeared at the same time in ten of the calves. In three calves, exacerbations and remissions of clinical signs were noticed at two-week intervals for two to three months after inoculation. No deaths occurred. Gross ...
... the second temperature rise and persisted for an average of five days. Oral lesions appeared at the same time in ten of the calves. In three calves, exacerbations and remissions of clinical signs were noticed at two-week intervals for two to three months after inoculation. No deaths occurred. Gross ...
characterization of infectious bursal disease viruses
... Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is caused by an acute, highly contagious Birnavirus that results in mortality and immunosuppression of young chickens (1). Since its original isolation in Gumboro, Delaware, the disease has inflicted profound economic losses on the poultry industry worldwide (2). Infe ...
... Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is caused by an acute, highly contagious Birnavirus that results in mortality and immunosuppression of young chickens (1). Since its original isolation in Gumboro, Delaware, the disease has inflicted profound economic losses on the poultry industry worldwide (2). Infe ...
Untitled
... methods. Due to insufficient development of the serological methodology, the detection of fish antibodies to viruses has not thus far been accepted as a routine diagnostic method for assessing the health status of fish populations. However, the validation of some serological techniques for diagnosis ...
... methods. Due to insufficient development of the serological methodology, the detection of fish antibodies to viruses has not thus far been accepted as a routine diagnostic method for assessing the health status of fish populations. However, the validation of some serological techniques for diagnosis ...
Full text in pdf format
... were collected from hatcheries located near Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, and used as the source of viral inoculum for infectivity experiments. Frozen infected PL were thawed and homogenized in a sterile homogenizer. A 10% (w/v) suspension was made with TN buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl and 0.4 M NaCl, pH ...
... were collected from hatcheries located near Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, and used as the source of viral inoculum for infectivity experiments. Frozen infected PL were thawed and homogenized in a sterile homogenizer. A 10% (w/v) suspension was made with TN buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl and 0.4 M NaCl, pH ...
Bluetongue: a review
... University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic ABSTRACT: Bluetongue is a non-contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by a virus within the Orbivirus genus of the family Reoviridae and transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. It is a reportable disease of ...
... University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic ABSTRACT: Bluetongue is a non-contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by a virus within the Orbivirus genus of the family Reoviridae and transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. It is a reportable disease of ...
32 Isolation Methods For Individual Diseases
... Single room source isolation is required] Single room source isolation Single room source isolation ...
... Single room source isolation is required] Single room source isolation Single room source isolation ...
chapter 6 - Princeton ISD
... an object that is contaminated with a pathogen and can spread the pathogen to another person. hand hygiene washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rubs. hand rubs an alcohol-containing preparation designed for application to the hands for reducing the ...
... an object that is contaminated with a pathogen and can spread the pathogen to another person. hand hygiene washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rubs. hand rubs an alcohol-containing preparation designed for application to the hands for reducing the ...
Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus during the
... species. The infectious agent, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV; genus Apththovirus, family Picornaviridae), is infectious at low doses and capable of rapid dissemination within susceptible animal populations (1). Clinical FMD is characterized by fever, lameness, and ptyalism concurrent with the o ...
... species. The infectious agent, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV; genus Apththovirus, family Picornaviridae), is infectious at low doses and capable of rapid dissemination within susceptible animal populations (1). Clinical FMD is characterized by fever, lameness, and ptyalism concurrent with the o ...
Experimental Transmission of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus
... reservoirs of IPNV, shedding virus in feces and urine and in reproductive products (18). In the United States, IPNV is considered endemic to Maine and Canadian maritime waters. Globally, with increasing production of Atlantic salmon, it has also become a significant pathogen in the marine environmen ...
... reservoirs of IPNV, shedding virus in feces and urine and in reproductive products (18). In the United States, IPNV is considered endemic to Maine and Canadian maritime waters. Globally, with increasing production of Atlantic salmon, it has also become a significant pathogen in the marine environmen ...
A critical review of the effect of heat, pH and water activity on the
... HEV is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus, 35 nm in diameter. The genome of approximately 7.2 Kb in length (Tam et al., 1991) is capped at the 5′ end and polyadenylated at the 3′ end. It contains short stretches of untranslated regions (UTR) at both ends. The HEV genom ...
... HEV is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus, 35 nm in diameter. The genome of approximately 7.2 Kb in length (Tam et al., 1991) is capped at the 5′ end and polyadenylated at the 3′ end. It contains short stretches of untranslated regions (UTR) at both ends. The HEV genom ...
Tonsillitis - Texasent.net
... may involve other areas of the back of the throat including the adenoids and the lingual tonsils (areas of tonsil tissue at the back of the tongue). There are several variations of tonsillitis: acute, recurrent, and chronic tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess. Viral or bacterial infections and imm ...
... may involve other areas of the back of the throat including the adenoids and the lingual tonsils (areas of tonsil tissue at the back of the tongue). There are several variations of tonsillitis: acute, recurrent, and chronic tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess. Viral or bacterial infections and imm ...
Regulation of alphavirus 26S mRNA transcription by replicase
... + Labelling of RNAs and isolation of replicative forms (RFs). BHK cells in 35 mm plastic petri dishes (about 2¬10' cells) were infected at 28 °C with 100 p.f.u per cell and labelled with 50 µCi [$H]uridine}ml (30 Ci}mmol ; NEN) in the presence of actinomycin D (2 µg}ml) for the times indicated in th ...
... + Labelling of RNAs and isolation of replicative forms (RFs). BHK cells in 35 mm plastic petri dishes (about 2¬10' cells) were infected at 28 °C with 100 p.f.u per cell and labelled with 50 µCi [$H]uridine}ml (30 Ci}mmol ; NEN) in the presence of actinomycin D (2 µg}ml) for the times indicated in th ...
Elisabeth Pharmacon 2014 CE HBV and HCV
... Legionella pneumophila is a thin, aerobic, gram-negative, non-encapsulated, aerobic bacillus of the genus Legionella containing more than 50 species. It is the best-characterized member of the genus and major causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, a severe form of acute pneumonia. L. pneumophila ...
... Legionella pneumophila is a thin, aerobic, gram-negative, non-encapsulated, aerobic bacillus of the genus Legionella containing more than 50 species. It is the best-characterized member of the genus and major causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, a severe form of acute pneumonia. L. pneumophila ...
1. The most superficial layer of epidermis is: a) stratum germinativum
... 64. All of the following sites are affected by scabies in infants except: a) palms and soles b) face c) mucosa d) scalp 65. All of the following sites may be involved in nodular scabies except: a) penis b) trunk c) axillae d) elbows 66. Scabies incognito occurs following treatment of ordinary scabi ...
... 64. All of the following sites are affected by scabies in infants except: a) palms and soles b) face c) mucosa d) scalp 65. All of the following sites may be involved in nodular scabies except: a) penis b) trunk c) axillae d) elbows 66. Scabies incognito occurs following treatment of ordinary scabi ...
Bad Bug Book - Michigan State University Extension
... public to government, industry, and academia. The second edition of the Bad Bug Book, published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, provides current information about the major known agents that ...
... public to government, industry, and academia. The second edition of the Bad Bug Book, published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, provides current information about the major known agents that ...
Dengue fever - Wikimedia Commons
... and joint pains.[7][14] The course of infection is divided into three phases: febrile, critical, and recovery.[15] The febrile phase involves high fever, often over 40 °C (unknown operator: u'strong' °F), and is associated with generalized pain and a headache; this usually lasts two to seven days.[1 ...
... and joint pains.[7][14] The course of infection is divided into three phases: febrile, critical, and recovery.[15] The febrile phase involves high fever, often over 40 °C (unknown operator: u'strong' °F), and is associated with generalized pain and a headache; this usually lasts two to seven days.[1 ...
Chickenpox in Adults and Teenagers
... Are you a healthcare worker? Healthcare workers come into contact with people with poor immune systems, pregnant women and newborn babies. They should be aware that if they catch chickenpox, they can be infectious for two days before a rash or illness appears, and be a risk to patients. So, if you a ...
... Are you a healthcare worker? Healthcare workers come into contact with people with poor immune systems, pregnant women and newborn babies. They should be aware that if they catch chickenpox, they can be infectious for two days before a rash or illness appears, and be a risk to patients. So, if you a ...
Toxoplasma gondii - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... pathogenicity model, with comparatively little known about human infection (Dubremetz and Lebrun 2012). In the mouse model, highly virulent strains are typically genotype I whereas the vast majority of non-virulent strains are genotype II and III (Sibley and Boothroyd 1992). Little is known about at ...
... pathogenicity model, with comparatively little known about human infection (Dubremetz and Lebrun 2012). In the mouse model, highly virulent strains are typically genotype I whereas the vast majority of non-virulent strains are genotype II and III (Sibley and Boothroyd 1992). Little is known about at ...
Interactions between exogenous and endogenous retroviruses
... the development of leukemia by the MCF viruses in certain mouse strains. These transforming viruses arise as a result of recombinations between various endogenous retroviruses, i.e. ecotropic and MCF-like MuLV sequences [42 and references therein]. In addition polytropic MuLVs have been isolated fro ...
... the development of leukemia by the MCF viruses in certain mouse strains. These transforming viruses arise as a result of recombinations between various endogenous retroviruses, i.e. ecotropic and MCF-like MuLV sequences [42 and references therein]. In addition polytropic MuLVs have been isolated fro ...
recombivax hb - Vaccines ProCon.org
... Although the vehicles for transmission of the virus are often blood and blood products, viral antigen has also been found in tears, saliva, breast milk, urine, semen and vaginal secretions. Hepatitis B virus is capable of surviving at least a month29 on environmental surfaces exposed to body fluids ...
... Although the vehicles for transmission of the virus are often blood and blood products, viral antigen has also been found in tears, saliva, breast milk, urine, semen and vaginal secretions. Hepatitis B virus is capable of surviving at least a month29 on environmental surfaces exposed to body fluids ...
DISEASE INFORMATION FACT SHEET Feline infectious peritonitis
... Reprints and permission: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav ...
... Reprints and permission: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav ...
Abstract
... occurring pathogens in zebrafish used for biomedical research lags far behind the information available for both aquaculture fishes and mammalian laboratory species. In fact, few naturally occurring zebrafish pathogens of any kind have been well characterized. Most of the pathogens that are known re ...
... occurring pathogens in zebrafish used for biomedical research lags far behind the information available for both aquaculture fishes and mammalian laboratory species. In fact, few naturally occurring zebrafish pathogens of any kind have been well characterized. Most of the pathogens that are known re ...
Viral Diseases in Zebrafish: What Is Known and Unknown
... occurring pathogens in zebrafish used for biomedical research lags far behind the information available for both aquaculture fishes and mammalian laboratory species. In fact, few naturally occurring zebrafish pathogens of any kind have been well characterized. Most of the pathogens that are known re ...
... occurring pathogens in zebrafish used for biomedical research lags far behind the information available for both aquaculture fishes and mammalian laboratory species. In fact, few naturally occurring zebrafish pathogens of any kind have been well characterized. Most of the pathogens that are known re ...
Sporicidal Disinfectant Cleaner
... spread of C. difficile, as well as, MRSA and many other common pathogens in healthcare, including ESKAPE pathogens – Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacterspecies.* ...
... spread of C. difficile, as well as, MRSA and many other common pathogens in healthcare, including ESKAPE pathogens – Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacterspecies.* ...
Norovirus
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.