What is Dengue?1
... Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a potentially fatal complication characterized by high fever, damage to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose, gums, and from under the skin, enlargement of the liver, and circulatory failure. The symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock and death (dengu ...
... Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a potentially fatal complication characterized by high fever, damage to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose, gums, and from under the skin, enlargement of the liver, and circulatory failure. The symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock and death (dengu ...
Hepatitis B Virus: Biology and Life Cycle
... known as SLC10A1 (Solute carrier family 10A1), which is the member of solid transporter family (SLC10). The SLC10 family has 7 members as SLC10A1-7 (8). NTCP is mainly located in the baseolateral hepatocyte membrane, and has a major role in streaming of conjugate bile salts form portal circulation i ...
... known as SLC10A1 (Solute carrier family 10A1), which is the member of solid transporter family (SLC10). The SLC10 family has 7 members as SLC10A1-7 (8). NTCP is mainly located in the baseolateral hepatocyte membrane, and has a major role in streaming of conjugate bile salts form portal circulation i ...
Working with Zika and Usutu Viruses in Vitro
... titers in most of the cell lines tested. Moreover, cytopathic effects were observed in 8 of the cell ...
... titers in most of the cell lines tested. Moreover, cytopathic effects were observed in 8 of the cell ...
A structural rationale for SV40 Vp1 temperature-sensitive mutants and their complementation
... of a neighboring pentamer and inserting into a clamp that ends at a dual Ca2+ binding site. Five Ca2+-coordinating acidic residues are critical for the formation of an infectious particle (Li et al. 2003). Assembly of the closely related polyomavirus Vp1 pentamer in vitro also requires Ca2+ ions (Sa ...
... of a neighboring pentamer and inserting into a clamp that ends at a dual Ca2+ binding site. Five Ca2+-coordinating acidic residues are critical for the formation of an infectious particle (Li et al. 2003). Assembly of the closely related polyomavirus Vp1 pentamer in vitro also requires Ca2+ ions (Sa ...
HCV post-exposure prophylaxis in the healthcare worker: Why DAAs
... outcome that clearly differentiates HCV from the other occupational blood borne pathogens. Although HIV PEP has been reported cost-effective in the occupational exposure setting, these models correctly assume that the failure to prevent incurable chronic HIV infection will necessitate life-long anti ...
... outcome that clearly differentiates HCV from the other occupational blood borne pathogens. Although HIV PEP has been reported cost-effective in the occupational exposure setting, these models correctly assume that the failure to prevent incurable chronic HIV infection will necessitate life-long anti ...
Risk factors for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection
... and active reproductive life observed in this study (p < 0.001) has also been previously reported1. Outdoor access was evidenced as the main risk factor, with the strongest association with FeLV infection. All these risk factors have previously been reported by others14,27. Male cats were found to b ...
... and active reproductive life observed in this study (p < 0.001) has also been previously reported1. Outdoor access was evidenced as the main risk factor, with the strongest association with FeLV infection. All these risk factors have previously been reported by others14,27. Male cats were found to b ...
Thomas Milton Rivers - National Academy of Sciences
... brain suspensions into the homologous host. Rivers personally considered this one of his most important scientific contributions although his name is not generally associated with studies of allergic encephalitis or with the broader problem of the autoimmune diseases. During this period, his laborat ...
... brain suspensions into the homologous host. Rivers personally considered this one of his most important scientific contributions although his name is not generally associated with studies of allergic encephalitis or with the broader problem of the autoimmune diseases. During this period, his laborat ...
A review of experimental infections with bluetongue virus in the
... on wild ruminants. Experimental infections in WTD in the USA in 1968 were conducted with either blood or filtered/unfiltered spleen as inocula and delivered by both intravenous and intramuscular routes (Vosdingh et al., 1968). In the latter study, 9 deer were experimentally infected, 7 of which deve ...
... on wild ruminants. Experimental infections in WTD in the USA in 1968 were conducted with either blood or filtered/unfiltered spleen as inocula and delivered by both intravenous and intramuscular routes (Vosdingh et al., 1968). In the latter study, 9 deer were experimentally infected, 7 of which deve ...
Herpes simplex virus-1 and varicella
... of a typical HSV cytopathic effect in indicator cells mixed with small pieces of finely minced ganglia and incubated at 37◦ C for 7 to 10 days. Typically, infectious virus can be recovered from 90% to 100% of ganglia (Stevens and Cook, 1971). Analysis of latently infected mouse ganglia has revealed ...
... of a typical HSV cytopathic effect in indicator cells mixed with small pieces of finely minced ganglia and incubated at 37◦ C for 7 to 10 days. Typically, infectious virus can be recovered from 90% to 100% of ganglia (Stevens and Cook, 1971). Analysis of latently infected mouse ganglia has revealed ...
comparison of vero cell plaque assay
... 10,866 specimens was tested in 801 pools. Analysis of results indicated that TaqMan RT-PCR detected 34 WNpositive pools, more than either of the other techniques. The plaque assay detected 74Vo of the pools positive by TaqMan, and VecTest detected 6OVo of the pools positive by TaqMan. The VecTest as ...
... 10,866 specimens was tested in 801 pools. Analysis of results indicated that TaqMan RT-PCR detected 34 WNpositive pools, more than either of the other techniques. The plaque assay detected 74Vo of the pools positive by TaqMan, and VecTest detected 6OVo of the pools positive by TaqMan. The VecTest as ...
PUBVET, Publicações em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
... Most chronically infected horses survive the subclinical carrier phase after recurring cycles of fever, anemia, weight loss, and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, EIAV has been used as a model to study HIV-1 persistence, pathogenesis, and immune responses. During the last two decades, the profusion of HI ...
... Most chronically infected horses survive the subclinical carrier phase after recurring cycles of fever, anemia, weight loss, and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, EIAV has been used as a model to study HIV-1 persistence, pathogenesis, and immune responses. During the last two decades, the profusion of HI ...
Profibrogenic chemokines and viral evolution predict rapid
... virus (8, 15). However, little is known about the correlations among adaptive immunity, HCV evolution, and rates of disease progression once chronic hepatitis C is established. We have been able to study the complex interplay between virus and host throughout the course of infection in a cohort of p ...
... virus (8, 15). However, little is known about the correlations among adaptive immunity, HCV evolution, and rates of disease progression once chronic hepatitis C is established. We have been able to study the complex interplay between virus and host throughout the course of infection in a cohort of p ...
trypsin-induced hemagglutination assay for the detection of
... (IBV) in allantoic fluid (AF) of embryonated eggs. The test was used in 20 samples, each collected from 5 different layer farms suspected for IBV. Allantoic fluid from inoculated embryos was harvested and treated with reagent grade trypsin at the percentages of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 for 30 minutes ...
... (IBV) in allantoic fluid (AF) of embryonated eggs. The test was used in 20 samples, each collected from 5 different layer farms suspected for IBV. Allantoic fluid from inoculated embryos was harvested and treated with reagent grade trypsin at the percentages of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 for 30 minutes ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... proliferation. Many of the simple retroviruses cause disease in this manner, leading to tumor formation or what are termed “slow” leukemias [for examples, see (47, 63)]. In addition, some retroviruses may encode genes that cause rapid tumor formation, which they have picked up via recombination even ...
... proliferation. Many of the simple retroviruses cause disease in this manner, leading to tumor formation or what are termed “slow” leukemias [for examples, see (47, 63)]. In addition, some retroviruses may encode genes that cause rapid tumor formation, which they have picked up via recombination even ...
Facts About Chickenpox and Shingles for Adults
... half of whom are 60 years of age and older. Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. When people are first infected with the varicella-zoster virus, usually as children, they get chickenpox. Years or decades later, the virus can reactivate and cause sh ...
... half of whom are 60 years of age and older. Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. When people are first infected with the varicella-zoster virus, usually as children, they get chickenpox. Years or decades later, the virus can reactivate and cause sh ...
Role of Housing Modalities on Management and Surveillance
... Axenic and associated animals are classified as gnotobiotic, meaning that they have a known, or completely defined, microflora. Rodents produced in barrier rooms in uncovered cages are not gnotobiotic because of their exposure to microorganisms both in the environment and harbored by people. Thus th ...
... Axenic and associated animals are classified as gnotobiotic, meaning that they have a known, or completely defined, microflora. Rodents produced in barrier rooms in uncovered cages are not gnotobiotic because of their exposure to microorganisms both in the environment and harbored by people. Thus th ...
Time From Infection to Disease and
... We found limited data from individuals with discrete 1-day exposures with which to estimate the incubation and latent periods for EVD. A 1976 report on the first known Ebola outbreak gave an incubation period of 1 to 21 days, and this range has been used in many modeling studies [9]. In contrast, the ...
... We found limited data from individuals with discrete 1-day exposures with which to estimate the incubation and latent periods for EVD. A 1976 report on the first known Ebola outbreak gave an incubation period of 1 to 21 days, and this range has been used in many modeling studies [9]. In contrast, the ...
The survival probability of beneficial de novo mutations in budding
... of de novo beneficial mutations affecting five life-history traits: clearance, attachment, eclipse, budding, and cell death. Although the model can be generalized for any given budding virus, our work was done with a major emphasis on the early stages of infection with influenza A virus in human pop ...
... of de novo beneficial mutations affecting five life-history traits: clearance, attachment, eclipse, budding, and cell death. Although the model can be generalized for any given budding virus, our work was done with a major emphasis on the early stages of infection with influenza A virus in human pop ...
Clinical signs and pathologic lesions of highly pathogenic avian
... can strike poultry quickly without any infection warning signs. Once established, the disease can spread rapidly from flock to flock (Anonymous, 2002). All 16 known influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes can be isolated in avian species. Only the H5 and H7 HA subtypes are considered to be hig ...
... can strike poultry quickly without any infection warning signs. Once established, the disease can spread rapidly from flock to flock (Anonymous, 2002). All 16 known influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes can be isolated in avian species. Only the H5 and H7 HA subtypes are considered to be hig ...
IS HIV SHORTSIGHTED INSIGHTS FROM A MULTISTRAIN
... viral load during the course of infection, and the duration of infection as a function of the virulence of the infecting strain (Fraser et al. 2007; Shirreff et al. 2011). This allows for very efficient computation of the within-host dynamics. However, if desired, a more mechanistic model could be u ...
... viral load during the course of infection, and the duration of infection as a function of the virulence of the infecting strain (Fraser et al. 2007; Shirreff et al. 2011). This allows for very efficient computation of the within-host dynamics. However, if desired, a more mechanistic model could be u ...
Cats
... Feline calicivirus (FCV) Feline Rhinotracheitis (FVR) Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) Feline Leukemia (FeLV) Feline Enteric Corona virus (FECV) ...
... Feline calicivirus (FCV) Feline Rhinotracheitis (FVR) Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) Feline Leukemia (FeLV) Feline Enteric Corona virus (FECV) ...
Potential occurrence of Zika from subtropical to temperate Argentina
... Zika infections as a severe threat to public health. The high proportion of asymptomatic patients (7) makes difficult the rapid detection of the autochthonous transmission, facilitating the spread of this disease. In addition, the main vectors of Zika have currently a broad range of global distri ...
... Zika infections as a severe threat to public health. The high proportion of asymptomatic patients (7) makes difficult the rapid detection of the autochthonous transmission, facilitating the spread of this disease. In addition, the main vectors of Zika have currently a broad range of global distri ...
From one home to another: my experience with the Ebola crisis
... – Over 25 outbreaks since the first in 1976 – Only 5 with more than 100 cases ...
... – Over 25 outbreaks since the first in 1976 – Only 5 with more than 100 cases ...
HCV transmission in industrialized countries and resource
... assays—initially ELISA then recombinant immuno blot assays (RIBA)—to detect antibodies formed against viral proteins and so reveal infection in potential blood donors.20 Refinements have led to the production of ELISA tests with high sensitivity and specificity, making the RIBA test redundant.21 By ...
... assays—initially ELISA then recombinant immuno blot assays (RIBA)—to detect antibodies formed against viral proteins and so reveal infection in potential blood donors.20 Refinements have led to the production of ELISA tests with high sensitivity and specificity, making the RIBA test redundant.21 By ...
Norovirus
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.