Viral RNA Patterns and High Viral Load Reliably
... per cell. Because on average the specimens contained approximately 50% tumor cells and at least 1 genome copy per cell is expected in HPV-transformed cells, we defined 0.5 copies per cell as cutoff for a high viral load (HPVhigh) and OPSCC below this cutoff had a low viral load (HPVlow). Primer seque ...
... per cell. Because on average the specimens contained approximately 50% tumor cells and at least 1 genome copy per cell is expected in HPV-transformed cells, we defined 0.5 copies per cell as cutoff for a high viral load (HPVhigh) and OPSCC below this cutoff had a low viral load (HPVlow). Primer seque ...
In Situ Capture RT-qPCR: A New Simple and Sensitive Method to
... are the most commonly-used methods for detecting HuNoVs (Fisman et al., 2009; Knight et al., 2013). Recently, RT-PCR assays have been largely replaced by the use of one-step RT-qPCR which allows for signal amplification and amplicon confirmation in a single reaction (Knight et al., 2013). RT-PCR has ...
... are the most commonly-used methods for detecting HuNoVs (Fisman et al., 2009; Knight et al., 2013). Recently, RT-PCR assays have been largely replaced by the use of one-step RT-qPCR which allows for signal amplification and amplicon confirmation in a single reaction (Knight et al., 2013). RT-PCR has ...
Survival of pathogenic micro-organisms and parasites in
... findings). The pathogens causing most of these diseases are either excreted directly by the affected animals or indirectly spread into the environment by vectors such as nasal, pharyngeal, vaginal, placental or lochial secretions, faeces, urine, milk, sperm, dermal and mucosal desquamations and secr ...
... findings). The pathogens causing most of these diseases are either excreted directly by the affected animals or indirectly spread into the environment by vectors such as nasal, pharyngeal, vaginal, placental or lochial secretions, faeces, urine, milk, sperm, dermal and mucosal desquamations and secr ...
Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Pigs and Vectors in the Mekong Delta
... Japanese encephalitis virus belongs to the viral family Flaviviridae which consists of three genera; pestiviruses, hepaciviruses and flaviviruses (MacLachlan & Dubovi, 2011; Unni et al., 2011), the latter also called arboviruses group B. 1.1.1 Description of the virus ...
... Japanese encephalitis virus belongs to the viral family Flaviviridae which consists of three genera; pestiviruses, hepaciviruses and flaviviruses (MacLachlan & Dubovi, 2011; Unni et al., 2011), the latter also called arboviruses group B. 1.1.1 Description of the virus ...
Unravelling Selection Shifts Among Foot-and
... Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), a single-stranded RNA virus, belongs to the Picornaviridae family (Racaniello, 2001). It has a genome of 8.5 kb that is translated into a polyprotein and processed to yield the structural (P1) and non-structural (P2 and P3) proteins (Belsham, 1993). P1 produces t ...
... Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), a single-stranded RNA virus, belongs to the Picornaviridae family (Racaniello, 2001). It has a genome of 8.5 kb that is translated into a polyprotein and processed to yield the structural (P1) and non-structural (P2 and P3) proteins (Belsham, 1993). P1 produces t ...
Part 1
... 488.1, Influenza due to identified novel H1N1 influenza virus & 486, Pneumonia, organism unspecified – If specific organism/type of pneumonia is specified (e.g.., Streptococcus pneumoniae), assign more specific code ...
... 488.1, Influenza due to identified novel H1N1 influenza virus & 486, Pneumonia, organism unspecified – If specific organism/type of pneumonia is specified (e.g.., Streptococcus pneumoniae), assign more specific code ...
Potential occurrence of Zika from subtropical to temperate Argentina
... these viruses, Zika was first isolated in a forest area in Uganda, Africa (1), and was historically restricted to Asia and Africa for more than 50 years (2), but recently spread to Micronesia in 2007and Brazil in 2014‐2015 (3,4), continuing its expansion through South, Central and North America ( ...
... these viruses, Zika was first isolated in a forest area in Uganda, Africa (1), and was historically restricted to Asia and Africa for more than 50 years (2), but recently spread to Micronesia in 2007and Brazil in 2014‐2015 (3,4), continuing its expansion through South, Central and North America ( ...
Interim Guidelines for Preventing Spread of Severe Acute
... The SARS virus is spread by close personal contact to someone with the disease. According to experts, only those who are ill can transmit the virus to others. However, it is also possible that the SARS virus can spread more broadly through the air or other ways that are not yet known. There are stud ...
... The SARS virus is spread by close personal contact to someone with the disease. According to experts, only those who are ill can transmit the virus to others. However, it is also possible that the SARS virus can spread more broadly through the air or other ways that are not yet known. There are stud ...
Herpesvirus infections in Cervidae
... Malignant catarrhal fever is a fatal disease of cattle, deer and some other ruminants, which is characterised by a p a t h o g n o m o n i c pathology of widespread cell necrosis and lymphoid cell proliferation. The clinical disease in deer is usually rapid, with affected deer separating from the gr ...
... Malignant catarrhal fever is a fatal disease of cattle, deer and some other ruminants, which is characterised by a p a t h o g n o m o n i c pathology of widespread cell necrosis and lymphoid cell proliferation. The clinical disease in deer is usually rapid, with affected deer separating from the gr ...
Chronological overview of the 2009/2010 H1N1 influenza
... with the consequences of the worldwide pandemic spread of the H1N1 influenza virus. This virus was totally new and, as such, had never spread in humans before. Because it was presumed that hardly anybody would have effective resistance to this new virus, provisions had to be made for the eventuality ...
... with the consequences of the worldwide pandemic spread of the H1N1 influenza virus. This virus was totally new and, as such, had never spread in humans before. Because it was presumed that hardly anybody would have effective resistance to this new virus, provisions had to be made for the eventuality ...
Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Nursing Homes: An Unappreciated
... outbreaks prospectively and 30 outbreaks retrospectively. Outbreaks occurred during 9% of all resident-care days and accounted for 43% of all respiratory tract infections during the study period. The 16 outbreaks identified prospectively involved 480 of 1313 residents and occurred more frequently du ...
... outbreaks prospectively and 30 outbreaks retrospectively. Outbreaks occurred during 9% of all resident-care days and accounted for 43% of all respiratory tract infections during the study period. The 16 outbreaks identified prospectively involved 480 of 1313 residents and occurred more frequently du ...
AAV8-hFIX19
... 3. Frequency of mobilisation of inserted vector and/or genetic transfer capabilities and methods of determination ........................................................................................ 17 4. Information on the degree to which the vector is limited to the DNA required to perform the ...
... 3. Frequency of mobilisation of inserted vector and/or genetic transfer capabilities and methods of determination ........................................................................................ 17 4. Information on the degree to which the vector is limited to the DNA required to perform the ...
MagMAX™-96 Viral RNA Isolation Kit
... and DNA while simultaneously inactivating nucleases in the sample matrix (Chirgwin, et al., 1979; Chomczynski and Sacchi, 1987). Paramagnetic beads with a nucleic acid binding surface are then added to the sample to bind nucleic acids. The beads/nucleic acids are captured on magnets, and proteins an ...
... and DNA while simultaneously inactivating nucleases in the sample matrix (Chirgwin, et al., 1979; Chomczynski and Sacchi, 1987). Paramagnetic beads with a nucleic acid binding surface are then added to the sample to bind nucleic acids. The beads/nucleic acids are captured on magnets, and proteins an ...
FAO Regional Strategy for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and other Emerging Diseases of Animals in Asia and the Pacific
... This Regional Strategy for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and other Emerging Infectious Diseases of Animals in Asia and the Pacific has been prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It is a revision of the Strategic Framework for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influ ...
... This Regional Strategy for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and other Emerging Infectious Diseases of Animals in Asia and the Pacific has been prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It is a revision of the Strategic Framework for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influ ...
Ch. 28 Infectious Diseases
... • High grade fever (101 F) • Chills and Sweats • Dry Cough • Headache • Body aches & weakness • Congestion ...
... • High grade fever (101 F) • Chills and Sweats • Dry Cough • Headache • Body aches & weakness • Congestion ...
Genomic and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of infectious bronchitis coronavirus Celia Abolnik
... al., 2002; Ignjatovic et al., 1991; Meulemans et al., 2001; Gelb et al., 1997). Most of the strain differences in S1 occur in three hypervariable regions (HVRs) located between the amino acid residues 56-69 (HVR1), 117-131 (HVR2) and 274-387 (HVR3) (Moore et al., 1997; Wang & Huang, 2000). Monoclona ...
... al., 2002; Ignjatovic et al., 1991; Meulemans et al., 2001; Gelb et al., 1997). Most of the strain differences in S1 occur in three hypervariable regions (HVRs) located between the amino acid residues 56-69 (HVR1), 117-131 (HVR2) and 274-387 (HVR3) (Moore et al., 1997; Wang & Huang, 2000). Monoclona ...
Rapid Onset of Protection Against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
... 29 days, diminished clinical signs, lower body challenge was statistically similar to that for temperatures, and reduced viral shedding. nonvaccinated calves. Over the 29 days of the The vaccinated calves in this study gained apstudy, calves vaccinated 96 hours before chalproximately 39% to 76% more ...
... 29 days, diminished clinical signs, lower body challenge was statistically similar to that for temperatures, and reduced viral shedding. nonvaccinated calves. Over the 29 days of the The vaccinated calves in this study gained apstudy, calves vaccinated 96 hours before chalproximately 39% to 76% more ...
FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS
... “right” virus and the “right” cat. This is why FIP is uncommon, though infection with FCoV is widespread among cats. The lesions of FIP arise from the immune response to the virus. Infected cells accumulate along the walls of blood vessels, and even migrate into the surrounding tissue. The inappropr ...
... “right” virus and the “right” cat. This is why FIP is uncommon, though infection with FCoV is widespread among cats. The lesions of FIP arise from the immune response to the virus. Infected cells accumulate along the walls of blood vessels, and even migrate into the surrounding tissue. The inappropr ...
i3531e08
... virus and virulent infectious bursal disease virus strains. Through this, disease outbreaks can largely be prevented, even if such pathogens gain entry to the site. A second tier of vaccinations – such as against some major immunosuppressive and respiratory disease agents (profit-erosive) – is also ...
... virus and virulent infectious bursal disease virus strains. Through this, disease outbreaks can largely be prevented, even if such pathogens gain entry to the site. A second tier of vaccinations – such as against some major immunosuppressive and respiratory disease agents (profit-erosive) – is also ...
Equine viral arteritis: Current status and prevention
... An extensive outbreak of equine viral arteritis that occurred in Kentucky Thoroughbreds in 1984 generated widespread interest, publicity and concern [2–5]. A number of other outbreaks of the disease have since been reported from North America and Europe [5–10]. Similarly, equine arteritis virus infe ...
... An extensive outbreak of equine viral arteritis that occurred in Kentucky Thoroughbreds in 1984 generated widespread interest, publicity and concern [2–5]. A number of other outbreaks of the disease have since been reported from North America and Europe [5–10]. Similarly, equine arteritis virus infe ...
MagMAX™ Viral RNA Isolation Kit User Guide
... The MagMAX Viral RNA Isolation Kit employs a classic method for disrupting samples in a guanidinium thiocyanate-based solution that rapidly releases viral RNA and DNA while simultaneously inactivating nucleases in the sample matrix (Chirgwin, et al., 1979; Chomczynski and Sacchi, 1987). Paramagnetic ...
... The MagMAX Viral RNA Isolation Kit employs a classic method for disrupting samples in a guanidinium thiocyanate-based solution that rapidly releases viral RNA and DNA while simultaneously inactivating nucleases in the sample matrix (Chirgwin, et al., 1979; Chomczynski and Sacchi, 1987). Paramagnetic ...
Using ICR and SCID mice as animal models for smallpox to assess
... for individuals with immune system pathologies, and their efficacy can differ from that in individuals without this pathology. The number of people with suppressed immune system function is growing annually due to deteriorating environmental conditions, which is associated with increasing volumes of ...
... for individuals with immune system pathologies, and their efficacy can differ from that in individuals without this pathology. The number of people with suppressed immune system function is growing annually due to deteriorating environmental conditions, which is associated with increasing volumes of ...
English version_download
... Rabies virus is fragile, it may be destroyed by light, dryness, heat and acidic or basic environments. Low temperatures preserve the virus. It resists pretty well also to putrefaction when it is protected by organic matter, this means that cadavers of rabid animals can sometimes remain infectious fo ...
... Rabies virus is fragile, it may be destroyed by light, dryness, heat and acidic or basic environments. Low temperatures preserve the virus. It resists pretty well also to putrefaction when it is protected by organic matter, this means that cadavers of rabid animals can sometimes remain infectious fo ...
Norovirus infection in the home and the role of hygiene – an update
... In the home and community, the potential for person-to person transmission, either directly or via airborne particles, hands and surfaces is shown by the fact that most enteric viruses are highly contagious. For most, the infectious dose is believed to lie between 10 and 100 particles and for norovi ...
... In the home and community, the potential for person-to person transmission, either directly or via airborne particles, hands and surfaces is shown by the fact that most enteric viruses are highly contagious. For most, the infectious dose is believed to lie between 10 and 100 particles and for norovi ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.