Attitude of poultry farmers towards vaccination against newcastle
... ND virus (NDV) which is a paramyxovirus. The disease varies greatly in morbidity and mortality depending on virulence of strain and susceptibility of the host. The lentogenic and mesogenic strains usually kill few birds. Mortality rate in mesogenic strain is about 10% and negligible in lentogenic st ...
... ND virus (NDV) which is a paramyxovirus. The disease varies greatly in morbidity and mortality depending on virulence of strain and susceptibility of the host. The lentogenic and mesogenic strains usually kill few birds. Mortality rate in mesogenic strain is about 10% and negligible in lentogenic st ...
Karl A. Western, MD, DTPH - CLU-IN
... § Inner-city Asthma Research • Environmental intervention study to reduce asthma morbidity in at-risk children § Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) • Virologic surveillance in aquatic birds and in live bird markets in Hong Kong to identify influenza viruses wit ...
... § Inner-city Asthma Research • Environmental intervention study to reduce asthma morbidity in at-risk children § Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) • Virologic surveillance in aquatic birds and in live bird markets in Hong Kong to identify influenza viruses wit ...
Zika Virus and Transplantation of Solid Organs from Deceased Donors
... Zika virus (ZIKV) is a Flavivirus related to Yellow Fever, Dengue, West Nile, and Japanese Encephalitis viruses. In 2007 ZIKV caused an outbreak of relatively mild disease characterized by rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis on Yap Island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. This was the first time t ...
... Zika virus (ZIKV) is a Flavivirus related to Yellow Fever, Dengue, West Nile, and Japanese Encephalitis viruses. In 2007 ZIKV caused an outbreak of relatively mild disease characterized by rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis on Yap Island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. This was the first time t ...
Climate Change and Vector-Borne Diseases
... Rare disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks the nerves ...
... Rare disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks the nerves ...
- Nour Al Maaref International School
... A vaccine is a weakened / strengthened version of the same pathogen that causes the disease that the vaccine is intended to prevent. Vaccines work by provoking the body’s immune system into a mild / strong response, so that it will recognize the pathogen again in the future if it should encounter it ...
... A vaccine is a weakened / strengthened version of the same pathogen that causes the disease that the vaccine is intended to prevent. Vaccines work by provoking the body’s immune system into a mild / strong response, so that it will recognize the pathogen again in the future if it should encounter it ...
SARS: An hypothesis for treatment
... the virus to the host cell, MHV-induced cell fusion, and eliciting neutralizing antibody. Molecular mimicry exists between E2 and Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) [7]. MHV S peplomer protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus vector exhibits IgG Fcreceptor activity [8]. Polymorphisms of Fc rece ...
... the virus to the host cell, MHV-induced cell fusion, and eliciting neutralizing antibody. Molecular mimicry exists between E2 and Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) [7]. MHV S peplomer protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus vector exhibits IgG Fcreceptor activity [8]. Polymorphisms of Fc rece ...
Mokola Virus Antibodies in Humans, Dogs, Cats, Cattle, Sheep, and
... had the highest percentage of positive sera (10.5%). Sheep and goats were 2% and 3%, respectively. However, none of the humans, cats, or cattle sampled was found to have antibodies to the Mokola virus. Table 1. Species with Mokola antibodies. ...
... had the highest percentage of positive sera (10.5%). Sheep and goats were 2% and 3%, respectively. However, none of the humans, cats, or cattle sampled was found to have antibodies to the Mokola virus. Table 1. Species with Mokola antibodies. ...
West Nile virus
... coma, tremors, paralysis and, death. Q. How fatal is this disease? A. Approximately 10% of the symptomatic cases result in death. Fatalities are more likely in people over the age of 50. Q. What is the treatment? A. There is no known cure for West Nile fever. However, the symptoms can be lessened th ...
... coma, tremors, paralysis and, death. Q. How fatal is this disease? A. Approximately 10% of the symptomatic cases result in death. Fatalities are more likely in people over the age of 50. Q. What is the treatment? A. There is no known cure for West Nile fever. However, the symptoms can be lessened th ...
Current Trends in the Diagnosis of Equine Infectious Diseases
... The major activity of specialized laboratories in veterinary biology and in particular in equine pathology were often based on methods of diagnosis allowing the identification of pathogens by culture (virus or bacteria) or by titration of the antibodies mainly based on techniques of seroneutralisati ...
... The major activity of specialized laboratories in veterinary biology and in particular in equine pathology were often based on methods of diagnosis allowing the identification of pathogens by culture (virus or bacteria) or by titration of the antibodies mainly based on techniques of seroneutralisati ...
Acute Respiratory Infection
... Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a small Gram-positive bacillus. Corynebacterium is poorly invasive. – Effects of infection are due to the exotoxin. Local effects include epithelial cell necrosis and inflammation. Pseudomembrane is composed of a mixture of fibrin, leukocytes, cell debris. – Size varie ...
... Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a small Gram-positive bacillus. Corynebacterium is poorly invasive. – Effects of infection are due to the exotoxin. Local effects include epithelial cell necrosis and inflammation. Pseudomembrane is composed of a mixture of fibrin, leukocytes, cell debris. – Size varie ...
Training Bulletin
... caused by the influenza virus. There are three types of influenza viruses, Influenza A, B and C.6 Influenza types A and B viruses cause epidemics of the disease almost every winter. Influenza type C infections cause a much milder respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics. Influenza ...
... caused by the influenza virus. There are three types of influenza viruses, Influenza A, B and C.6 Influenza types A and B viruses cause epidemics of the disease almost every winter. Influenza type C infections cause a much milder respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics. Influenza ...
Infection and Disease Check 5 (Solutions)
... are about one-fiftieth the size of bacteria. Viruses are a little more than some DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein coat. Bacteria are more complex. Some have flagella with which they move. Although bacteria do not have the true membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes, they are capable of metabol ...
... are about one-fiftieth the size of bacteria. Viruses are a little more than some DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein coat. Bacteria are more complex. Some have flagella with which they move. Although bacteria do not have the true membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes, they are capable of metabol ...
chapter25
... – Mechanism of liver damage unknown • Damage most likely results from immune response ...
... – Mechanism of liver damage unknown • Damage most likely results from immune response ...
Nipah
... Nipah virus has been found in urine and uterine fluids of wild pteropid bats; experimentally isolated from urine, kidney and uterus of infected bats Virus may be found in fruit contaminated with bat saliva or urine Other logical sources for infection are contaminated drinking water and access to abo ...
... Nipah virus has been found in urine and uterine fluids of wild pteropid bats; experimentally isolated from urine, kidney and uterus of infected bats Virus may be found in fruit contaminated with bat saliva or urine Other logical sources for infection are contaminated drinking water and access to abo ...
Viral infections acquired indoors through airborne, droplet or contact
... Adenoviruses can cause severe or life-threatening illness, particularly in immunocompromised patients, children and the elderly. Some types are capable of establishing persistent asymptomatic infections in tonsils, adenoids, and intestines of infected hosts, and shedding can occur for months or year ...
... Adenoviruses can cause severe or life-threatening illness, particularly in immunocompromised patients, children and the elderly. Some types are capable of establishing persistent asymptomatic infections in tonsils, adenoids, and intestines of infected hosts, and shedding can occur for months or year ...
Ch. 19
... • New viral diseases can emerge when viruses spread from animals to humans • Viral strains that jump species can exchange genetic information with other viruses to which humans have no immunity Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • New viral diseases can emerge when viruses spread from animals to humans • Viral strains that jump species can exchange genetic information with other viruses to which humans have no immunity Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
An Introduction to An Introduction to Influenza Influenza Influenza A
... Federal officials have not yet made a decision on whether the swine flu is enough of a threat to warrant vaccine production. But they are taking the initial steps. A potential problem is that producing swine flu vaccine might interfere with production of the seasonal flu vaccine for next winter. Th ...
... Federal officials have not yet made a decision on whether the swine flu is enough of a threat to warrant vaccine production. But they are taking the initial steps. A potential problem is that producing swine flu vaccine might interfere with production of the seasonal flu vaccine for next winter. Th ...
Rift Valley fever virus
... Cerebrospinal fluid invariably shows a pleocytosis, with a predominance of neutrophils in up to half the patients. With demonstration of WNV-specific IgM antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid or serum approximatelly half of all cases will be positive in the first 7 days whereas Ig G Antibodies will be p ...
... Cerebrospinal fluid invariably shows a pleocytosis, with a predominance of neutrophils in up to half the patients. With demonstration of WNV-specific IgM antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid or serum approximatelly half of all cases will be positive in the first 7 days whereas Ig G Antibodies will be p ...
National Preparedness Plan
... severe clinical pictures; five of the affected died. Simultaneously, an epizootic infection with the same influenza virus, A(H5N1) was discovered among the fowl in Hong Kong. Fortunately, there occurred no new human cases after the mass slaughter of fowl there. Therefore, the virus was insufficientl ...
... severe clinical pictures; five of the affected died. Simultaneously, an epizootic infection with the same influenza virus, A(H5N1) was discovered among the fowl in Hong Kong. Fortunately, there occurred no new human cases after the mass slaughter of fowl there. Therefore, the virus was insufficientl ...
Evaluation of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus Infection in
... sensitive procedures, the point should be stressed that PCR-negative animals would more than ful¢l the present requirements for negative status for the purpose of export (Mohammed et al., 1996; Aradaib et al., 2003). It is worth mentioning that PCR-positive and culture-negative results, from the sam ...
... sensitive procedures, the point should be stressed that PCR-negative animals would more than ful¢l the present requirements for negative status for the purpose of export (Mohammed et al., 1996; Aradaib et al., 2003). It is worth mentioning that PCR-positive and culture-negative results, from the sam ...
Specific amino acids of Olive mild mosaic virus coat protein are
... concentrations found in the supernatant were similar to the initial amount used in the incubation step, indicating a lack of significant adsorption to the spores. In experiments where no spores were used, the amount of virus found in the supernatant was identical to that used initially, as expected. ...
... concentrations found in the supernatant were similar to the initial amount used in the incubation step, indicating a lack of significant adsorption to the spores. In experiments where no spores were used, the amount of virus found in the supernatant was identical to that used initially, as expected. ...
infectious disease outbreak preparedness
... As events of recent years have shown, it is difficult to predict when a pandemic or other threat of a widespread infectious disease outbreak will occur. The best strategy for any healthcare facility is to be prepared by stockpiling critical Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), to ensure an adequate ...
... As events of recent years have shown, it is difficult to predict when a pandemic or other threat of a widespread infectious disease outbreak will occur. The best strategy for any healthcare facility is to be prepared by stockpiling critical Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), to ensure an adequate ...
Stalking a Killer: Respiratory Syncytial Virus
... – Can’t produce enough vaccine to be economically viable – Our lab has discovered 2 problems in the G protein » Solutions could increase vaccine production by 1,000-fold • F protein vaccine is being explored for the elderly – Our lab has produced the F protein in the pretriggered form – Does it indu ...
... – Can’t produce enough vaccine to be economically viable – Our lab has discovered 2 problems in the G protein » Solutions could increase vaccine production by 1,000-fold • F protein vaccine is being explored for the elderly – Our lab has produced the F protein in the pretriggered form – Does it indu ...
Full Text - Int J Enteric Pathog
... The clinical signs seen in infected birds are dependent on factors such as: host species, age of host, and the virus, infection with other organisms, environmental stress and immune status. In some circumstances infection with the extremely virulent viruses may result in sudden death with few clinic ...
... The clinical signs seen in infected birds are dependent on factors such as: host species, age of host, and the virus, infection with other organisms, environmental stress and immune status. In some circumstances infection with the extremely virulent viruses may result in sudden death with few clinic ...
Production and evaluation of FMDV stabilised capsids as potent, rapidly deployable vaccines, B. Charleston
... Wild-type and stable capsid structures2 ...
... Wild-type and stable capsid structures2 ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.