... (Cook et al., 1991). In laying turkeys, the virus has been shown to cause substantial drops in egg production and poor egg shell quality, both under field (Stuart, 1989) and experimental (Cook et al., 1996) conditions. Avian pneumovirus has also been incriminated as a pathogen in chickens and can ce ...
Genetic variants associated with severe pneumonia in A/H1N1 influenza infection
... The HumanCVD chip contains ,50,000 SNPs. A standard Bonferroni correction would yield a significance level of ,1610-6, resulting in very conservative results of significance tests. However, since the HumanCVD array has a dense genecentric design, some studies have used a less stringent level of 1610 ...
... The HumanCVD chip contains ,50,000 SNPs. A standard Bonferroni correction would yield a significance level of ,1610-6, resulting in very conservative results of significance tests. However, since the HumanCVD array has a dense genecentric design, some studies have used a less stringent level of 1610 ...
Paramyxoviruses
... Virion:Spherical,pleomorphic,150nm or more in diameter (helical nucleocapsid, 13–18 nm) ...
... Virion:Spherical,pleomorphic,150nm or more in diameter (helical nucleocapsid, 13–18 nm) ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... impact substantially on achievable drug coverage of the target treatment and prophylaxis population as the epidemic progresses. This phenomenon is depicted in Figure 1, which demonstrates the proportion of all infections that receive antiviral drugs over time, for a given set of epidemic and capacit ...
... impact substantially on achievable drug coverage of the target treatment and prophylaxis population as the epidemic progresses. This phenomenon is depicted in Figure 1, which demonstrates the proportion of all infections that receive antiviral drugs over time, for a given set of epidemic and capacit ...
sirtuins forge ahead
... The company’s most advanced program is for respiratory infections and inhibits sirtuins in the lung and respiratory tract. “During flu season, influenza A and B are responsible for maybe 20% of all respiratory infections, but there are a lot of other viruses that infect people — colds, SARS. Our vis ...
... The company’s most advanced program is for respiratory infections and inhibits sirtuins in the lung and respiratory tract. “During flu season, influenza A and B are responsible for maybe 20% of all respiratory infections, but there are a lot of other viruses that infect people — colds, SARS. Our vis ...
The Search for Infectious Causes of Human Cancers: Where and Why?
... Common and frequently cited interpretations are dietary factors ¾ N-nitroso compounds, heterocyclic amines and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, part of them requiring metabolic activation to convert into a carcinogenic form; ¾ nitrosyl haem and nitroso thiols have been reported to be significant ...
... Common and frequently cited interpretations are dietary factors ¾ N-nitroso compounds, heterocyclic amines and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, part of them requiring metabolic activation to convert into a carcinogenic form; ¾ nitrosyl haem and nitroso thiols have been reported to be significant ...
Help Control the Spread of Infectious Diseases in Schools
... • Students and staff with flu-like illness should stay home for at least 24 hours after they no longer have a fever, or signs of a fever, without the use of fever-reducing medicines. • Students and staff who appear to have flu-like illness should be sent to a room separate from others until they can ...
... • Students and staff with flu-like illness should stay home for at least 24 hours after they no longer have a fever, or signs of a fever, without the use of fever-reducing medicines. • Students and staff who appear to have flu-like illness should be sent to a room separate from others until they can ...
Bacteria and Viruses
... • When a virus enters a cell it will begin one of 2 cycles: p 481 – Lytic Cycle—virus enters a cell, copies itself, and bursts the cell – Lysogenic Cycle—virus enters a cell, embeds its DNA into the cell’s DNA so that it is replicated along with the host cell, eventually this virus will wake up and ...
... • When a virus enters a cell it will begin one of 2 cycles: p 481 – Lytic Cycle—virus enters a cell, copies itself, and bursts the cell – Lysogenic Cycle—virus enters a cell, embeds its DNA into the cell’s DNA so that it is replicated along with the host cell, eventually this virus will wake up and ...
Rinderpest
... Historically, the virus was widely distributed throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia; recently however, it has only occurred in Africa and Asia. Gene sequence analysis has shown that all known rinderpest isolates fall into one of three non-overlapping phylogenetic lineages, and in recent years it has ...
... Historically, the virus was widely distributed throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia; recently however, it has only occurred in Africa and Asia. Gene sequence analysis has shown that all known rinderpest isolates fall into one of three non-overlapping phylogenetic lineages, and in recent years it has ...
Hepatitis B testing
... hepatitis B virus. Chronic hepatitis B occurs when the body can’t get rid of the hepatitis B virus. Children, especially infants, are more likely to get chronic hepatitis B, which usually has no symptoms until signs of liver damage appear. Without treatment, chronic hepatitis B can cause liver cance ...
... hepatitis B virus. Chronic hepatitis B occurs when the body can’t get rid of the hepatitis B virus. Children, especially infants, are more likely to get chronic hepatitis B, which usually has no symptoms until signs of liver damage appear. Without treatment, chronic hepatitis B can cause liver cance ...
Development and optimization of Multiplex
... postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome14, 15. PCV2-associated reproductive failure can be reproduced experimentally showing that porcine embryos and fetuses are susceptible to PCV2 infection16, 17, and that intrauterine spread18 and vertical transmission can occur19. Moreover, naturally occurrin ...
... postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome14, 15. PCV2-associated reproductive failure can be reproduced experimentally showing that porcine embryos and fetuses are susceptible to PCV2 infection16, 17, and that intrauterine spread18 and vertical transmission can occur19. Moreover, naturally occurrin ...
IJBT 4(2) 284-286
... TCA CC -3’) was used to amplify 406 bp amplicon. Similarly, the primer set from N gene (forward, 5’ACT GAT GTA GAA GGG AAT TG -3’; reverse, 5’- GAA CGG AAG TGG ATG AAA TA -3’) was used to amplify 533 bp amplicon5. For RT-PCR reaction, 8-10 µg of total RNA from each sample was used. The single tube R ...
... TCA CC -3’) was used to amplify 406 bp amplicon. Similarly, the primer set from N gene (forward, 5’ACT GAT GTA GAA GGG AAT TG -3’; reverse, 5’- GAA CGG AAG TGG ATG AAA TA -3’) was used to amplify 533 bp amplicon5. For RT-PCR reaction, 8-10 µg of total RNA from each sample was used. The single tube R ...
West Nile Virus - OSU CCME account
... ‒ Meningeal and ependymal cells • Transmitted through maternal-fetal blood exchange during delivery ...
... ‒ Meningeal and ependymal cells • Transmitted through maternal-fetal blood exchange during delivery ...
WEST NILE VIRUS
... West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease, which can cause an inflammation of the brain. WNV is commonly found in Africa, West Asia, the Middle East and Europe. For the first time in North America, WNV was confirmed in the New York metropolitan area during the summer and f ...
... West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease, which can cause an inflammation of the brain. WNV is commonly found in Africa, West Asia, the Middle East and Europe. For the first time in North America, WNV was confirmed in the New York metropolitan area during the summer and f ...
Pandemic Flu
... may also have to close for short periods because of staff shortages. This, in turn, will affect working parents who may need to stay at home to care for their children. Closing schools will, therefore, have an impact on business continuity and the maintenance of essential services. Decisions such as ...
... may also have to close for short periods because of staff shortages. This, in turn, will affect working parents who may need to stay at home to care for their children. Closing schools will, therefore, have an impact on business continuity and the maintenance of essential services. Decisions such as ...
The Lytic Cycle
... • Some viruses have membranous envelopes that help them infect hosts • These viral envelopes surround the capsids of influenza viruses and many other viruses found in animals • Viral envelopes, which are derived from the host cell’s membrane, contain a combination of viral and host cell molecules ...
... • Some viruses have membranous envelopes that help them infect hosts • These viral envelopes surround the capsids of influenza viruses and many other viruses found in animals • Viral envelopes, which are derived from the host cell’s membrane, contain a combination of viral and host cell molecules ...
upper respiratory tract infections `cat flu`
... Signs of 'cat flu' are similar to colds and flu in people. FHV-1 tends to cause more severe disease, the major signs are inflammation of the lining around the eye (conjunctivitis) and nose (rhinitis). This causes a clear discharge from the nose and eyes which becomes thickened and purulent as the di ...
... Signs of 'cat flu' are similar to colds and flu in people. FHV-1 tends to cause more severe disease, the major signs are inflammation of the lining around the eye (conjunctivitis) and nose (rhinitis). This causes a clear discharge from the nose and eyes which becomes thickened and purulent as the di ...
C. responses received from the relevant
... potential for viral presence if bursal tissues are present. Studies on the feasibility of complete removal of bursal tissues during slaughter should be encouraged. If technically and economically feasible, the resulting processes should be adopted. The experts are of the opinion that certification o ...
... potential for viral presence if bursal tissues are present. Studies on the feasibility of complete removal of bursal tissues during slaughter should be encouraged. If technically and economically feasible, the resulting processes should be adopted. The experts are of the opinion that certification o ...
Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus
... the oligonucleotides used in this study are presented in Supplementary Table S2. The antisense primers were used for reverse transcription (RT). For the PCR, pairs of conserved primers defining approximately 600 bp PCR products were selected in genome regions flanking either the hypervariable domain ...
... the oligonucleotides used in this study are presented in Supplementary Table S2. The antisense primers were used for reverse transcription (RT). For the PCR, pairs of conserved primers defining approximately 600 bp PCR products were selected in genome regions flanking either the hypervariable domain ...
The Arenaviruses Family: Arenaviridae
... •100,000 to 300,000 Lassa virus infections and 5,000 deaths per year • mild or no observable symptoms in about 80% of people infected with the virus, the remaining 20% have a severe multisystem disease. • Occasional epidemics, during which the case-fatality rate can reach ...
... •100,000 to 300,000 Lassa virus infections and 5,000 deaths per year • mild or no observable symptoms in about 80% of people infected with the virus, the remaining 20% have a severe multisystem disease. • Occasional epidemics, during which the case-fatality rate can reach ...
1 Analysis of the scientific strength of published data on the
... devices that are difficult to clean (e.g., those with small lumens, matt surfaces and hinges), that the most difficult areas for the disinfectant to penetrate and contact should be inoculated, and that the organic and inorganic challenge (i.e., soil load) that would be expected to be encountered and ...
... devices that are difficult to clean (e.g., those with small lumens, matt surfaces and hinges), that the most difficult areas for the disinfectant to penetrate and contact should be inoculated, and that the organic and inorganic challenge (i.e., soil load) that would be expected to be encountered and ...
Transmission –Based Precautions
... spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions. Because these pathogens do not remain infectious over long distances in a healthcare facility, special air handling and ventilation are not required to prevent droplet transmission. Infectious agents for which D ...
... spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions. Because these pathogens do not remain infectious over long distances in a healthcare facility, special air handling and ventilation are not required to prevent droplet transmission. Infectious agents for which D ...
Influenza A virus
Influenza A virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of influenza virus A. Influenza virus A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Some isolates of influenza A virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from wild aquatic birds to domestic poultry, and this may cause an outbreak or give rise to human influenza pandemics.Influenza A viruses are negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.The several subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for the type of hemagglutinin) and an N number (for the type of neuraminidase). There are 18 different known H antigens (H1 to H18) and 11 different known N antigens (N1 to N11). H17 was isolated from fruit bats in 2012. H18N11 was discovered in a Peruvian bat in 2013.Each virus subtype has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some are pathogenic to one species but not others, some are pathogenic to multiple species.A filtered and purified influenza A vaccine for humans has been developed, and many countries have stockpiled it to allow a quick administration to the population in the event of an avian influenza pandemic. Avian influenza is sometimes called avian flu, and colloquially, bird flu. In 2011, researchers reported the discovery of an antibody effective against all types of the influenza A virus.