Infectious Disease Process
... Post vaccination blood testing is recommended for certain healthcare workers Hepatitis B shots are required for all school-age children. ...
... Post vaccination blood testing is recommended for certain healthcare workers Hepatitis B shots are required for all school-age children. ...
2nd sessional course
... • NDV has a single stranded negative-sense RNA genome, which is approximately15 kb long. • The genomic RNA contains six genes encoding at least eight proteins. • The nucleoprotein(NP), the phosphoprotein (P), and the large polymerase protein (L) form the nucleocapsid. The haemagglutinin neuraminidas ...
... • NDV has a single stranded negative-sense RNA genome, which is approximately15 kb long. • The genomic RNA contains six genes encoding at least eight proteins. • The nucleoprotein(NP), the phosphoprotein (P), and the large polymerase protein (L) form the nucleocapsid. The haemagglutinin neuraminidas ...
what is acute hiv infection
... acute phase of infection is more likely to result in infection than exposure to someone with long-term infection. • One research study estimated that the risk of infection is approximately 20 times higher during acute HIV infection ...
... acute phase of infection is more likely to result in infection than exposure to someone with long-term infection. • One research study estimated that the risk of infection is approximately 20 times higher during acute HIV infection ...
cross infection(1) - Fresh Men Dentists
... Some types of bacteria form a capsule that protects the cell; Bacteria with this protective coating are particularly virulent, or disease causing. ...
... Some types of bacteria form a capsule that protects the cell; Bacteria with this protective coating are particularly virulent, or disease causing. ...
Liver infections
... Epidemiology/At risk individuals: Faecal oral transmission mostly via drinking faecally contaminated water. At risk individuals are those in endemic areas such as: Asia, India, South America, Africa. Clinical features: Incubation period is 6 weeks. It has a high mortality rate among pregnant women ...
... Epidemiology/At risk individuals: Faecal oral transmission mostly via drinking faecally contaminated water. At risk individuals are those in endemic areas such as: Asia, India, South America, Africa. Clinical features: Incubation period is 6 weeks. It has a high mortality rate among pregnant women ...
Zika can infect adult brain cells, not just fetal cells, study suggests By
... In a developing fetus, the brain is made primarily of "neural progenitor" cells, a type of stem cell. Researchers believe these cells are especially susceptible to infection by the Zika virus, which can hinder their development and disrupt brain growth. Most adult neurons are believed to be resis ...
... In a developing fetus, the brain is made primarily of "neural progenitor" cells, a type of stem cell. Researchers believe these cells are especially susceptible to infection by the Zika virus, which can hinder their development and disrupt brain growth. Most adult neurons are believed to be resis ...
Is some segment of the HIV-infected population
... – monoclonal antibodies, – vaccine, – gene therapy ...
... – monoclonal antibodies, – vaccine, – gene therapy ...
Genotypic characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses from India
... context, IB has started causing great economic losses. In this study, no distinct variant genotype of IBV could be detected. All the seven isolates had sequences of 94.8-98.8% homology with the vaccine strain, H120. The least homology (high percent divergence) was with the isolate IBV 186 (94.8%). A ...
... context, IB has started causing great economic losses. In this study, no distinct variant genotype of IBV could be detected. All the seven isolates had sequences of 94.8-98.8% homology with the vaccine strain, H120. The least homology (high percent divergence) was with the isolate IBV 186 (94.8%). A ...
Meningitis
... People with viral meningitis may be hospitalized. Treatment includes rest, fluids, and overthe-counter pain medication. If bacterial meningitis is diagnosed doctors will start intravenous (IV) antibiotics as soon as possible. Fluids may be given to replace those lost to fever, sweating, vomiting, an ...
... People with viral meningitis may be hospitalized. Treatment includes rest, fluids, and overthe-counter pain medication. If bacterial meningitis is diagnosed doctors will start intravenous (IV) antibiotics as soon as possible. Fluids may be given to replace those lost to fever, sweating, vomiting, an ...
Vaccinations - Steamboat Veterinary Hospital
... animal that has been infected. The disease is carried in the saliva. Rabies vaccinations are required in many states for cats. Even if you have an indoor cat, they should be vaccinated in case they get out, or by chance an animal were to get into your house. In nearly all cases, an animal will need ...
... animal that has been infected. The disease is carried in the saliva. Rabies vaccinations are required in many states for cats. Even if you have an indoor cat, they should be vaccinated in case they get out, or by chance an animal were to get into your house. In nearly all cases, an animal will need ...
Infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN)
... dependent, with younger individuals being more susceptible. Fish that survive IHN are potential carriers of the virus for a period that depends on environmental conditions (e.g. temperature). The virus is shed into the water from infected fish through faeces, urine, spawning fluids and external muco ...
... dependent, with younger individuals being more susceptible. Fish that survive IHN are potential carriers of the virus for a period that depends on environmental conditions (e.g. temperature). The virus is shed into the water from infected fish through faeces, urine, spawning fluids and external muco ...
Infective material, concepts and procedures for intentional sow herd
... magnitude of the dose of PEDv she receives. In adult animals, mucosal immunity with strong IgA stimulation is best stimulated by delivery of a high dose of virulent virus to small intestinal enterocytes via the oral route. These two factors (high dose and oral route) are even more important when ora ...
... magnitude of the dose of PEDv she receives. In adult animals, mucosal immunity with strong IgA stimulation is best stimulated by delivery of a high dose of virulent virus to small intestinal enterocytes via the oral route. These two factors (high dose and oral route) are even more important when ora ...
Residual Low-Level Viral Replication Could Explain Discrepancies
... Although toxic effects of the initial medication on lymphocytes cannot be excluded, such toxicity is unlikely since there was no decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes; on the other hand, the percentage of CD41 T lymphocytes decreased. It could be hypothesized that potential differences exis ...
... Although toxic effects of the initial medication on lymphocytes cannot be excluded, such toxicity is unlikely since there was no decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes; on the other hand, the percentage of CD41 T lymphocytes decreased. It could be hypothesized that potential differences exis ...
Infectious Bursal Disease )Gumboro disease( Etiology and
... Infectious bursal disease is caused by a birnavirus (IBDV) that is most readily isolated from the bursa of Fabricius but may be isolated from other organs. It is shed in the feces and transferred from house to house by fomites. It is very stable and difficult to eradicate from premises . IBDV may be ...
... Infectious bursal disease is caused by a birnavirus (IBDV) that is most readily isolated from the bursa of Fabricius but may be isolated from other organs. It is shed in the feces and transferred from house to house by fomites. It is very stable and difficult to eradicate from premises . IBDV may be ...
2.2.5 Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis
... any age, whether cultured or wild, can experience subclinical or inapparent infection with negligible mortality. Antibody response to infection is variable, and environmental conditions and stress factors can affect host immune response to infection. A variety of studies are in progress to develop s ...
... any age, whether cultured or wild, can experience subclinical or inapparent infection with negligible mortality. Antibody response to infection is variable, and environmental conditions and stress factors can affect host immune response to infection. A variety of studies are in progress to develop s ...
Some New Emerging Viral Diseases in South America and East
... reported from Peru. The genetic reassortment of this virus contains “the S and L segments of Oropouche virus and the M segment of a novel Simbu serogroup virus [4]”. It is the cause of outbreaks of “Oropouche fever” during 2005 and 2006 in Peru. High seroprevelance positive rate can be seen in Peru ...
... reported from Peru. The genetic reassortment of this virus contains “the S and L segments of Oropouche virus and the M segment of a novel Simbu serogroup virus [4]”. It is the cause of outbreaks of “Oropouche fever” during 2005 and 2006 in Peru. High seroprevelance positive rate can be seen in Peru ...
chapt08_HumanBiology14e_lecture
... • Antibiotic use does not cause humans to become resistant to the drugs; pathogens become resistant. • Resistant strains of the TB bacterium and Staphylococcus aureus are of particular concern. • The best way to fight antibiotic resistance is by using ...
... • Antibiotic use does not cause humans to become resistant to the drugs; pathogens become resistant. • Resistant strains of the TB bacterium and Staphylococcus aureus are of particular concern. • The best way to fight antibiotic resistance is by using ...
The papillomavirus life cycle
... Papillomaviruses infect epithelial cells, and depend on epithelial differentiation for completion of their life cycle. The expression of viral gene products is closely regulated as the infected basal cell migrates towards the epithelial surface. Expression of E6 and E7 in the lower epithelial layers ...
... Papillomaviruses infect epithelial cells, and depend on epithelial differentiation for completion of their life cycle. The expression of viral gene products is closely regulated as the infected basal cell migrates towards the epithelial surface. Expression of E6 and E7 in the lower epithelial layers ...
Hendra Virus Primefact 970
... are likely to contact the horse’s saliva. Great care should be taken with hygiene and personal protection when handling sick horses. In particular, avoid contact with blood, other body fluids (especially respiratory and nasal secretions, saliva and urine) and tissues. Ideally you should avoid all co ...
... are likely to contact the horse’s saliva. Great care should be taken with hygiene and personal protection when handling sick horses. In particular, avoid contact with blood, other body fluids (especially respiratory and nasal secretions, saliva and urine) and tissues. Ideally you should avoid all co ...
Feline Calicivirus
... Feline calicivirus is highly contagious, and is acquired through contact with infected cats or contaminated items such as bedding, toys, and water bowls. Therefore, preventing exposure to infected cats and thoroughly washing any contaminated items with bleach will prevent infection in your This vira ...
... Feline calicivirus is highly contagious, and is acquired through contact with infected cats or contaminated items such as bedding, toys, and water bowls. Therefore, preventing exposure to infected cats and thoroughly washing any contaminated items with bleach will prevent infection in your This vira ...
CH. 9 PREVENTING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
... HIV/AIDS 3rd leading cause of death among AA between 25-34 and 6th leading cause of death for whites and Hispanics in this age group. AA women make up 13% of female population of U.S. but account for 67% of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases. Teenage girls vulnerable to HIV because the immature ce ...
... HIV/AIDS 3rd leading cause of death among AA between 25-34 and 6th leading cause of death for whites and Hispanics in this age group. AA women make up 13% of female population of U.S. but account for 67% of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases. Teenage girls vulnerable to HIV because the immature ce ...
aims and objectives - University of Delhi
... replication, transcription, protein synthesis, ATP synthesis when present outside the host cell. These organisms when present outside the living host cell are considered non-living since they behave as inert particles. However, once inside the host cell they replicate and behave like living organism ...
... replication, transcription, protein synthesis, ATP synthesis when present outside the host cell. These organisms when present outside the living host cell are considered non-living since they behave as inert particles. However, once inside the host cell they replicate and behave like living organism ...
SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY
... Route of Infection - Almost always the LUNGS +/- clinical pulmonary symptoms & signs pulmonary disease may be subclinical, mild, or severe Fungi may produce toxins (mycotoxins) Immune Response: Essential in clearing infections CLASSICALLY GRANULOMATOUS ...
... Route of Infection - Almost always the LUNGS +/- clinical pulmonary symptoms & signs pulmonary disease may be subclinical, mild, or severe Fungi may produce toxins (mycotoxins) Immune Response: Essential in clearing infections CLASSICALLY GRANULOMATOUS ...
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2), are two members of the herpesvirus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 (which produces most cold sores) and HSV-2 (which produces most genital herpes) are ubiquitous and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. Herpes simplex can be spread through contact with saliva, such as sharing drinks.Symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection include watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or genitals. Lesions heal with a scab characteristic of herpetic disease. Sometimes, the viruses cause very mild or atypical symptoms during outbreaks. However, as neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by becoming latent and hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons. After the initial or primary infection, some infected people experience sporadic episodes of viral reactivation or outbreaks. In an outbreak, the virus in a nerve cell becomes active and is transported via the neuron's axon to the skin, where virus replication and shedding occur and cause new sores. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections.