Understanding Infectious Disease
... Some infectious agents are easily transmitted (Contagious)but they are not very likely to cause disease (Virulent). ◦ Ex: Polio virus - It probably infects most people who contact it, but only about 5 to 10 percent those infected actually develop clinical disease. ...
... Some infectious agents are easily transmitted (Contagious)but they are not very likely to cause disease (Virulent). ◦ Ex: Polio virus - It probably infects most people who contact it, but only about 5 to 10 percent those infected actually develop clinical disease. ...
Kumamoto2010Part2
... or less than those of seasonal flu. WHO announced that the H1N1 influenza virus has moved into the post-pandemic period. However, localized outbreaks of various magnitudes are likely to continue. ...
... or less than those of seasonal flu. WHO announced that the H1N1 influenza virus has moved into the post-pandemic period. However, localized outbreaks of various magnitudes are likely to continue. ...
New Therapies and Prevention Strategies for Genital Herpes
... undergoing peer review but have not yet been published. Diagnostic and Counseling Considerations Most persons with serologically documented HSV-2 infection do not have a history of clinically recognized genital herpes [4 – 6]. While many of these persons will never become symptomatic, some will pres ...
... undergoing peer review but have not yet been published. Diagnostic and Counseling Considerations Most persons with serologically documented HSV-2 infection do not have a history of clinically recognized genital herpes [4 – 6]. While many of these persons will never become symptomatic, some will pres ...
New Therapies and Prevention Strategies for Genital Herpes Anna Wald
... undergoing peer review but have not yet been published. Diagnostic and Counseling Considerations Most persons with serologically documented HSV-2 infection do not have a history of clinically recognized genital herpes [4 – 6]. While many of these persons will never become symptomatic, some will pres ...
... undergoing peer review but have not yet been published. Diagnostic and Counseling Considerations Most persons with serologically documented HSV-2 infection do not have a history of clinically recognized genital herpes [4 – 6]. While many of these persons will never become symptomatic, some will pres ...
Rubella Virus
... for long periods of time without reaching the release phase. In certain cases, these delayed viruses can cause a cell to replicate rapidly and produce a tumor. It is possible for some tumors to develop into cancer. Certain enveloped viruses bud from the cell. The virus forms a bud by being pushed ag ...
... for long periods of time without reaching the release phase. In certain cases, these delayed viruses can cause a cell to replicate rapidly and produce a tumor. It is possible for some tumors to develop into cancer. Certain enveloped viruses bud from the cell. The virus forms a bud by being pushed ag ...
WEST NILE VIRUS
... birds. However, avoid barehanded contact when handling any dead animal. WNV is NOT transmitted from person-to-person. There is some evidence that crow-to-crow transmission of WNV is possible without mosquito vectors. What is the basic transmission cycle for WNV? Mosquitoes become infected by feeding ...
... birds. However, avoid barehanded contact when handling any dead animal. WNV is NOT transmitted from person-to-person. There is some evidence that crow-to-crow transmission of WNV is possible without mosquito vectors. What is the basic transmission cycle for WNV? Mosquitoes become infected by feeding ...
Infection Control
... • Hepatitis B, C & HIV/AIDS • Transmission by direct blood contact – sexual intercourse, sharing needles, needlestick injuries, razors etc. • Standard precautions only – Personal protective equipment when anticipating contact with body fluids ...
... • Hepatitis B, C & HIV/AIDS • Transmission by direct blood contact – sexual intercourse, sharing needles, needlestick injuries, razors etc. • Standard precautions only – Personal protective equipment when anticipating contact with body fluids ...
Transformation of Hamster Embryo Fibroblasts
... However, in all cases HSV antigens could be demonstrated in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the cells. Recently, the transformation of human embryonic lung cells has been reported following abortive infection by HSV-2 (6). Neither HSV-1 nor HSV-2 has been conclusively shown to trans form human c ...
... However, in all cases HSV antigens could be demonstrated in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the cells. Recently, the transformation of human embryonic lung cells has been reported following abortive infection by HSV-2 (6). Neither HSV-1 nor HSV-2 has been conclusively shown to trans form human c ...
Epidemiology of Gumboro Disease
... • Other species like turkeys, Pekin ducks are asymptomatic carriers ...
... • Other species like turkeys, Pekin ducks are asymptomatic carriers ...
Diseases of the Respiratory System Notes
... C. Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract 1. Upper Respiratory Tract A) Rhinoviruses 1) Cause 30-50% of common colds 2) There are more than 100 types of rhinoviruses 3) Unlike bacterial infections, there is typically no sign of fever but malaise, scratchy throat, runny nose and cough are frequent ...
... C. Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract 1. Upper Respiratory Tract A) Rhinoviruses 1) Cause 30-50% of common colds 2) There are more than 100 types of rhinoviruses 3) Unlike bacterial infections, there is typically no sign of fever but malaise, scratchy throat, runny nose and cough are frequent ...
HIGH CONSEQUENCE DISEASES AND YOUR LIVESTOCK
... □□ Livestock disease not currently found in the U.S., but is present in other areas of the world, thereby making it a potential biological threat to U.S. livestock. Examples include: foot-and-mouth disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, Rift Valley fever. ...
... □□ Livestock disease not currently found in the U.S., but is present in other areas of the world, thereby making it a potential biological threat to U.S. livestock. Examples include: foot-and-mouth disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, Rift Valley fever. ...
Ebola virus disease (EVD) - advice for health professionals
... EVD is caused by an Ebola virus. Ebola viruses are part of the family Filoviridae, which also includes Marburg virus. Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be a likely natural host of the Ebola virus, with outbreaks amongst other species such as chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, fore ...
... EVD is caused by an Ebola virus. Ebola viruses are part of the family Filoviridae, which also includes Marburg virus. Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be a likely natural host of the Ebola virus, with outbreaks amongst other species such as chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, fore ...
Ebola virus disease (EVD) Updated information for Health
... EVD is caused by an Ebola virus. Ebola viruses are part of the family Filoviridae, which also includes Marburg virus. Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be a likely natural host of the Ebola virus, with outbreaks amongst other species such as chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, fore ...
... EVD is caused by an Ebola virus. Ebola viruses are part of the family Filoviridae, which also includes Marburg virus. Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be a likely natural host of the Ebola virus, with outbreaks amongst other species such as chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, fore ...
Winter Vomiting Bug - Rathmore National School
... If you have any specific concerns about your child you should contact your GP. How is winter vomiting disease spread ? People can become infected with the virus in several ways including: Contact with an infected person, especially contact with vomit or faeces. Contact with contaminated surfaces ...
... If you have any specific concerns about your child you should contact your GP. How is winter vomiting disease spread ? People can become infected with the virus in several ways including: Contact with an infected person, especially contact with vomit or faeces. Contact with contaminated surfaces ...
Chain of Infection
... To move from the reservoir, a micro-organism needs a Mode of Transmission to a susceptible host or home. ...
... To move from the reservoir, a micro-organism needs a Mode of Transmission to a susceptible host or home. ...
Avian influenza A H5N1 infection on human cellular microRNA
... involved its role in cancer; miR-141 was markedly down-regulated in cells that had undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition in response to TGF-β, and was overexpressed in ovarian and colorectal cancers and down-regulated in prostate, hepatocellular, renal cell, and gastric cancer tissues. This ...
... involved its role in cancer; miR-141 was markedly down-regulated in cells that had undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition in response to TGF-β, and was overexpressed in ovarian and colorectal cancers and down-regulated in prostate, hepatocellular, renal cell, and gastric cancer tissues. This ...
ELISA kit for antigenic diagnosis of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis
... foetal calf serum, 10% phosphate tryptose and a mixture of antibiotics at the standard concentration. If a CO2 incubator is not available, the medium may be buffered at pH 7.4 with 0.16 M Tris-HCl. The optimal temperature for growth is 30° C for the FHM and EPC cells, 25° C for the BF.2 cells, and 2 ...
... foetal calf serum, 10% phosphate tryptose and a mixture of antibiotics at the standard concentration. If a CO2 incubator is not available, the medium may be buffered at pH 7.4 with 0.16 M Tris-HCl. The optimal temperature for growth is 30° C for the FHM and EPC cells, 25° C for the BF.2 cells, and 2 ...
How bacteria and viruses enter the body? Infections types: What
... pathogenic bacteria. Many bacterial infections can be treated successfully with appropriate antibiotics, although antibiotic‐resistant strains are beginning to emerge. Immunization is available to prevent many important bacterial diseases. A virus is an even smaller micro‐organism that can onl ...
... pathogenic bacteria. Many bacterial infections can be treated successfully with appropriate antibiotics, although antibiotic‐resistant strains are beginning to emerge. Immunization is available to prevent many important bacterial diseases. A virus is an even smaller micro‐organism that can onl ...
collection and transport of virological specimens.
... •Cerebrospinal fluid is required to investigate some arbovirus infections. When meninges are infected, the CSF will contain lymphocytes and the CSF total protein will be raised. 4. Skin and ulcer specimens: •Collect skin scrapings in a dry sterile container. •Refrigerate immediately at 4OC, and then ...
... •Cerebrospinal fluid is required to investigate some arbovirus infections. When meninges are infected, the CSF will contain lymphocytes and the CSF total protein will be raised. 4. Skin and ulcer specimens: •Collect skin scrapings in a dry sterile container. •Refrigerate immediately at 4OC, and then ...
Background
... Algorithm for detection of CHIKV Epidemiological Scenario: suspicion of introduction of the virus in a specific area 1 This algorithm is intended to be followed by those reference laboratories with established capacity for the detection of both dengue (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) virus. The sample ...
... Algorithm for detection of CHIKV Epidemiological Scenario: suspicion of introduction of the virus in a specific area 1 This algorithm is intended to be followed by those reference laboratories with established capacity for the detection of both dengue (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) virus. The sample ...
Virus Tumor Antigens: Specific Fingerprints?
... foreign to the immunologically competent host and are reacted to by either homograft rejection or antibody formation, or both. Certain of these antigens are also produced early in the course of a lytic infection by the tumor viruses and may well represent virus-coded specific enzymes required for re ...
... foreign to the immunologically competent host and are reacted to by either homograft rejection or antibody formation, or both. Certain of these antigens are also produced early in the course of a lytic infection by the tumor viruses and may well represent virus-coded specific enzymes required for re ...
227 KB - International Medical Press
... not reveal evidence for infection with GBV-A or GBVB, the genome of a novel human flavivirus (termed GBV-C) was discovered [7]. The following year, Linnen et al. independently reported the genomic sequence of a hepatitis-associated RNA virus designated hepatitis G virus [37]. Comparisons of the cDNA ...
... not reveal evidence for infection with GBV-A or GBVB, the genome of a novel human flavivirus (termed GBV-C) was discovered [7]. The following year, Linnen et al. independently reported the genomic sequence of a hepatitis-associated RNA virus designated hepatitis G virus [37]. Comparisons of the cDNA ...
handout
... that: in itself or through its transcribed or translated products represents a significant hazard to human, animal or plant health; or is known to enhance the ability of a microorganism controlled by 1C351.a to .c, 1C352, or 1C354, or any other organism into which it may be inserted or otherwise int ...
... that: in itself or through its transcribed or translated products represents a significant hazard to human, animal or plant health; or is known to enhance the ability of a microorganism controlled by 1C351.a to .c, 1C352, or 1C354, or any other organism into which it may be inserted or otherwise int ...
Human Herpes Virus-6 and Human Herpes Virus
... parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and HHV 8 (1). Recently, HHV 6 and 7 have been extensively studied. Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 are closely related viruses that belong to the genus of the β-herpesviruses (β –HHVs) and share some common antigenic epitopes. They are commonly acqui ...
... parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and HHV 8 (1). Recently, HHV 6 and 7 have been extensively studied. Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 are closely related viruses that belong to the genus of the β-herpesviruses (β –HHVs) and share some common antigenic epitopes. They are commonly acqui ...
West Nile Virus - Knowledge Bank
... avoided because of high mosquito activity at those times. Area Public Health Departments usually include periodical spraying for insects and, when possible, use of larvicides. Homeowners can assist by spraying appropriately when insects become numerous in their yards and by removing potential mosqui ...
... avoided because of high mosquito activity at those times. Area Public Health Departments usually include periodical spraying for insects and, when possible, use of larvicides. Homeowners can assist by spraying appropriately when insects become numerous in their yards and by removing potential mosqui ...
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2), are two members of the herpesvirus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 (which produces most cold sores) and HSV-2 (which produces most genital herpes) are ubiquitous and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. Herpes simplex can be spread through contact with saliva, such as sharing drinks.Symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection include watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or genitals. Lesions heal with a scab characteristic of herpetic disease. Sometimes, the viruses cause very mild or atypical symptoms during outbreaks. However, as neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses, HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by becoming latent and hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons. After the initial or primary infection, some infected people experience sporadic episodes of viral reactivation or outbreaks. In an outbreak, the virus in a nerve cell becomes active and is transported via the neuron's axon to the skin, where virus replication and shedding occur and cause new sores. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections.