THE ORGANISMS
... feed on it and from fungi that might grow on its roots. Likewise, different types of single-celled organisms, such as amebas and bacteria, vary in appearance. Differences in the cells of the organisms ultimately account for these variations. As the functional units of life, however, all cells have c ...
... feed on it and from fungi that might grow on its roots. Likewise, different types of single-celled organisms, such as amebas and bacteria, vary in appearance. Differences in the cells of the organisms ultimately account for these variations. As the functional units of life, however, all cells have c ...
A E M , May 2006, p. 3710–3715
... TCCATGGCTTCTTCTT. The PCR products were then digested with designed restriction enzymes and ligated into the pMal-c.2x vector with the same enzymatic digestion. Plasmids pMal-c.CV2A, pMal-c.EV2A, and pMal-c.PV2A were transformed into Escherichia coli (strain JM109) for the expression of 2Apro with m ...
... TCCATGGCTTCTTCTT. The PCR products were then digested with designed restriction enzymes and ligated into the pMal-c.2x vector with the same enzymatic digestion. Plasmids pMal-c.CV2A, pMal-c.EV2A, and pMal-c.PV2A were transformed into Escherichia coli (strain JM109) for the expression of 2Apro with m ...
Laser-Micropipet Combination for Single-Cell Analysis
... prior to sampling. For nonadherent cells, the use of electroosmotic flow (EOF) to move the cell into the capillary inlet may impact the cellular process to be measured. A large body of literature exists on the biological effects of electric fields.16-19 Electric fields as low as 1-15 V/cm can cause ...
... prior to sampling. For nonadherent cells, the use of electroosmotic flow (EOF) to move the cell into the capillary inlet may impact the cellular process to be measured. A large body of literature exists on the biological effects of electric fields.16-19 Electric fields as low as 1-15 V/cm can cause ...
Introducing Plant Cell Culture
... Growing whole plant cells in such a precise manner also eliminates erratic climactic and ecological events—such as droughts and parasites—that threaten to adulterate or destroy the product. Also, plant cell cultures promote sustainability because secondary metabolites are harvested from a limited am ...
... Growing whole plant cells in such a precise manner also eliminates erratic climactic and ecological events—such as droughts and parasites—that threaten to adulterate or destroy the product. Also, plant cell cultures promote sustainability because secondary metabolites are harvested from a limited am ...
Cytoplasmic streaming in plants
... In 1956, Kamiya and Kuroda [1] published a paper that came to represent an important milestone in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cytoplasmic streaming in plants. Using giant cells of the alga Nitella, they found that the motive force of streaming is generated by active sliding of so ...
... In 1956, Kamiya and Kuroda [1] published a paper that came to represent an important milestone in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cytoplasmic streaming in plants. Using giant cells of the alga Nitella, they found that the motive force of streaming is generated by active sliding of so ...
Operating a Sex Machine - Meiosis (GPC)
... During metaphase I, the homologous chromosomes are arranged in the center of the cell with the kinetochores facing opposite poles. The orientation of each pair of homologous chromosomes at the center of the cell is random. This randomness, called independent assortment, is the physical basis for the ...
... During metaphase I, the homologous chromosomes are arranged in the center of the cell with the kinetochores facing opposite poles. The orientation of each pair of homologous chromosomes at the center of the cell is random. This randomness, called independent assortment, is the physical basis for the ...
Chapter 3- Part 1 Cells PPT
... into its functional shape. Short sugar chains may be attached to the protein (forming a glycoprotein). ...
... into its functional shape. Short sugar chains may be attached to the protein (forming a glycoprotein). ...
BD Pharmingen™ Purified Hamster Anti-Human Bcl-2
... Bcl-2 is considered to be novel among proto-oncogenes because it blocks apoptosis (programmed cell death) in many cell types. Apoptosis is an active form of cellular suicide that typically requires new RNA and protein synthesis and is associated with distinct morphological changes including cell shr ...
... Bcl-2 is considered to be novel among proto-oncogenes because it blocks apoptosis (programmed cell death) in many cell types. Apoptosis is an active form of cellular suicide that typically requires new RNA and protein synthesis and is associated with distinct morphological changes including cell shr ...
Somatic Cytokinesis and Pollen Maturation in Arabidopsis
... TPLATE is interrupted at the third intron by a T-DNA insertion in the Arabidopsis line SALK_003086 (Figure 2A). Sequences adjacent to the insertion site are amplified by PCR with the T-DNA left border primer (LBaI) and primers of neighboring sequences (T22-RP and T22-LP), suggesting that the inserti ...
... TPLATE is interrupted at the third intron by a T-DNA insertion in the Arabidopsis line SALK_003086 (Figure 2A). Sequences adjacent to the insertion site are amplified by PCR with the T-DNA left border primer (LBaI) and primers of neighboring sequences (T22-RP and T22-LP), suggesting that the inserti ...
BioVision
... Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. The solution can then be diluted into other aqueous buffers and stored at 4°C for 1 week or –20°C for future use. ...
... Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Reconstitute in water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. The solution can then be diluted into other aqueous buffers and stored at 4°C for 1 week or –20°C for future use. ...
File - Dr. Z.`s Biology
... b. Phagocytosis c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis d. Pinocytosis BACK TO GAME ...
... b. Phagocytosis c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis d. Pinocytosis BACK TO GAME ...
Can You Hear Me Now
... conduction band. The electron is free to move through the conduction band. (In addition the electron leaves behind a silicon atom that is missing one electron, this silicon is a positive hole. Other electrons can move into the hole so that the hole can move as well. Now we have to get the electrons ...
... conduction band. The electron is free to move through the conduction band. (In addition the electron leaves behind a silicon atom that is missing one electron, this silicon is a positive hole. Other electrons can move into the hole so that the hole can move as well. Now we have to get the electrons ...
“You`ve Got Mail”: How Neurons Send Messages The firing of a
... channel is selective about which ions are allowed into the cell, and they must show ID before they’re allowed in. They prove themselves by being the correct shape, and fitting together with the side of the transport channel much like a puzzle piece. ATP supplies the energy for this exchange, and it ...
... channel is selective about which ions are allowed into the cell, and they must show ID before they’re allowed in. They prove themselves by being the correct shape, and fitting together with the side of the transport channel much like a puzzle piece. ATP supplies the energy for this exchange, and it ...
The neural crest
... cell-cell contacts. The most obvious manifestation of these transient contacts is contact-inhibition of locomotion (CIL). CIL is a complex process during which migratory cells momentarily stop upon physical contact with one another and subsequently repolarise in the opposite direction (Mayor and Car ...
... cell-cell contacts. The most obvious manifestation of these transient contacts is contact-inhibition of locomotion (CIL). CIL is a complex process during which migratory cells momentarily stop upon physical contact with one another and subsequently repolarise in the opposite direction (Mayor and Car ...
Exploring Bioinorganic Pattern Formation in Diatoms. A Story of
... silicalemma) with the plasma membrane. As a consequence, the inner face of the silicalemma is thought to become the new plasma membrane. (g) Following separation, the daughter cells can expand unidirectionally along the cell division axis by the biogenesis of girdle bands. These structures are also ...
... silicalemma) with the plasma membrane. As a consequence, the inner face of the silicalemma is thought to become the new plasma membrane. (g) Following separation, the daughter cells can expand unidirectionally along the cell division axis by the biogenesis of girdle bands. These structures are also ...
chlamydomonas gymnogama and - The Journal of Cell Biology
... nants. It is possible that partial lysis of cell walls tein similar chemically to that of cell walls reinoccurs before and during the wall-shedding proc- forces the idea that what are at present undetectaess, as partial lysis of cell walls has been observed ble or relatively subtle differences in ch ...
... nants. It is possible that partial lysis of cell walls tein similar chemically to that of cell walls reinoccurs before and during the wall-shedding proc- forces the idea that what are at present undetectaess, as partial lysis of cell walls has been observed ble or relatively subtle differences in ch ...
Membrane trafficking in Drosophila wing and eye development
... process is called trans-endocytosis. While the dynamics of Delta trafficking have been known for some time,9 and that improper trafficking of Delta leads to impairment of Notch signaling,9 the direct influence of endocytosis of Delta upon activation of Notch signaling was not known. Parks et al.8 first ...
... process is called trans-endocytosis. While the dynamics of Delta trafficking have been known for some time,9 and that improper trafficking of Delta leads to impairment of Notch signaling,9 the direct influence of endocytosis of Delta upon activation of Notch signaling was not known. Parks et al.8 first ...
Regulation of germinal center responses, memory B cells and
... persistence and functionality of early memory B cells, arising prior to GC initiation, are now confirmed [48], the relevant molecular and cellular processes remain unclear. Despite this, much has recently been learned of memory B cell biology. Considerable importance was given to the existence of Ig ...
... persistence and functionality of early memory B cells, arising prior to GC initiation, are now confirmed [48], the relevant molecular and cellular processes remain unclear. Despite this, much has recently been learned of memory B cell biology. Considerable importance was given to the existence of Ig ...
Weber et al_rev Legends of supplementary figures and tables
... Figure S12: Root ultrastructure of ozs2 displays no difference to Col-0 wild type. Ultrastructural characterizations of the stele of the ozs2 mutant (a-eozs2) in comparison to Col-0 wild type (a-eCol-0) were performed. (a) An overview of root cross sections with corresponding cell types is shown. Cc ...
... Figure S12: Root ultrastructure of ozs2 displays no difference to Col-0 wild type. Ultrastructural characterizations of the stele of the ozs2 mutant (a-eozs2) in comparison to Col-0 wild type (a-eCol-0) were performed. (a) An overview of root cross sections with corresponding cell types is shown. Cc ...
Insight on trans-plasma membrane behavior of virus
... studies suggest complex spatial and temporal modulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity during early pathogen recognition events, even if no data relative to virus were available. Anyway, an important role is played by H+-ATPases in bacterial infection, where the enzyme cooperate with plant im ...
... studies suggest complex spatial and temporal modulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity during early pathogen recognition events, even if no data relative to virus were available. Anyway, an important role is played by H+-ATPases in bacterial infection, where the enzyme cooperate with plant im ...
Pulmonary manifestation of systemic mast cell disease CASE STUDY , S. Diederich
... ABSTRACT: Systemic mast cell disease is a rare disease of unknown aetiology. Systemic infiltration and proliferation of mast cells in skin, bone marrow, gastrointestinum and lymph nodes is the central pathological feature. This study reports a patient with mastocytosis of the skin (urticaria pigment ...
... ABSTRACT: Systemic mast cell disease is a rare disease of unknown aetiology. Systemic infiltration and proliferation of mast cells in skin, bone marrow, gastrointestinum and lymph nodes is the central pathological feature. This study reports a patient with mastocytosis of the skin (urticaria pigment ...
FR in detergent-insoluble complexes - Journal of Cell Science
... heterotrimeric G proteins, members of the src-family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (NRTK), prenylated proteins and signal transducers (for review see Anderson, 1998; Okamoto et al., 1998), but specific activation pathways of signaling molecules downstream GPI-proteins have not been identified, exc ...
... heterotrimeric G proteins, members of the src-family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (NRTK), prenylated proteins and signal transducers (for review see Anderson, 1998; Okamoto et al., 1998), but specific activation pathways of signaling molecules downstream GPI-proteins have not been identified, exc ...
Hijacking of eukaryotic functions by intracellular bacterial pathogens
... that, whereas the former is promoted from “outside” through activation of host cell receptors, the latter is triggered from “inside” via the action of pathogen-effector proteins delivered by specialized protein secretion systems (Fig. 1). The zipper invasion mechanism. In this type of entry, a bacte ...
... that, whereas the former is promoted from “outside” through activation of host cell receptors, the latter is triggered from “inside” via the action of pathogen-effector proteins delivered by specialized protein secretion systems (Fig. 1). The zipper invasion mechanism. In this type of entry, a bacte ...
root tips - Oxford Academic
... related to the severity of the cold temperatures and the length of exposure. Generally, agricultural plants grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions are susceptible to chilling damage at temperatures ranging from 0±15 °C. Plant response to cold temperatures appears to be both species- and tissue-s ...
... related to the severity of the cold temperatures and the length of exposure. Generally, agricultural plants grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions are susceptible to chilling damage at temperatures ranging from 0±15 °C. Plant response to cold temperatures appears to be both species- and tissue-s ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.