IB ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES 2016
... matter; the “Biosphere II” experiment was an attempt to model this. Strictly, closed systems do not occur naturally on Earth, but all the global cycles of matter, for example, the water and nitrogen cycles, approximate to closed systems. • An isolated system exchanges neither matter nor energy. No s ...
... matter; the “Biosphere II” experiment was an attempt to model this. Strictly, closed systems do not occur naturally on Earth, but all the global cycles of matter, for example, the water and nitrogen cycles, approximate to closed systems. • An isolated system exchanges neither matter nor energy. No s ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem
... of particular importance to predict the provision of ecosystem services in the future. The functional importance of common versus rare species could depend on the ecosystem functions under scrutiny. Studies focused on productivity and pollination have found common species to be the main driver (e.g. ...
... of particular importance to predict the provision of ecosystem services in the future. The functional importance of common versus rare species could depend on the ecosystem functions under scrutiny. Studies focused on productivity and pollination have found common species to be the main driver (e.g. ...
Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization
... functional homogenization with subsequent changes in overall community function and a reduction in ecosystem resilience (Box 2). Modifications to within- and betweencommunity trait compositions will probably impinge upon community and ecosystem function, and resistance to environmental change. A dec ...
... functional homogenization with subsequent changes in overall community function and a reduction in ecosystem resilience (Box 2). Modifications to within- and betweencommunity trait compositions will probably impinge upon community and ecosystem function, and resistance to environmental change. A dec ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality
... of particular importance to predict the provision of ecosystem services in the future. The functional importance of common versus rare species could depend on the ecosystem functions under scrutiny. Studies focused on productivity and pollination have found common species to be the main driver (e.g. ...
... of particular importance to predict the provision of ecosystem services in the future. The functional importance of common versus rare species could depend on the ecosystem functions under scrutiny. Studies focused on productivity and pollination have found common species to be the main driver (e.g. ...
fall final exam review ws #1
... 46. What is the carrying capacity for this population? 47. Under what type of conditions would a population grow exponentially? Below is a graph illustrating how “limiting factors” can affect population growth. ...
... 46. What is the carrying capacity for this population? 47. Under what type of conditions would a population grow exponentially? Below is a graph illustrating how “limiting factors” can affect population growth. ...
Wisconsin`s Oak Savannas - Wisconsin Prescribed Fire Council
... briefly look black and barren, with the bases of trees blackened. Typically, treetops will not be affected because these fires will not reach that high. -Eventually, oak trees will dominate the canopy and have more outstretched branches when not crowded by other species. Understory grasses and flowe ...
... briefly look black and barren, with the bases of trees blackened. Typically, treetops will not be affected because these fires will not reach that high. -Eventually, oak trees will dominate the canopy and have more outstretched branches when not crowded by other species. Understory grasses and flowe ...
Enemy free space and the structure of ecological
... This paper reviews the role of natural enemies in moulding ecological niches. Our aim is to show how many numerous aspects of the ecology of animal species that are traditionally reviewed as components of their niche, (body size, feeding stations, feeding methods, etc.), have been influenced, not by ...
... This paper reviews the role of natural enemies in moulding ecological niches. Our aim is to show how many numerous aspects of the ecology of animal species that are traditionally reviewed as components of their niche, (body size, feeding stations, feeding methods, etc.), have been influenced, not by ...
Nitrogen enrichment and plant communities
... and mycorrhizal symbiosis.33 In addition to biological N fixation through symbiosis, plants can also exert feedback control over N cycling although effects of litter chemistry on decomposition and soil microorganism communities34,35 (but see Ref. 36). This concept of multiple resource limitation is ...
... and mycorrhizal symbiosis.33 In addition to biological N fixation through symbiosis, plants can also exert feedback control over N cycling although effects of litter chemistry on decomposition and soil microorganism communities34,35 (but see Ref. 36). This concept of multiple resource limitation is ...
Disentangling the importance of ecological niches from stochastic
... biogeography [29,30] ignored any differences among species in their traits (i.e. species were neutral) when predicting species diversity on islands that vary in their size and isolation from the mainland as a function of colonization and extinction rates. ‘MacArthur’s Paradox’ [38,39] highlights the ...
... biogeography [29,30] ignored any differences among species in their traits (i.e. species were neutral) when predicting species diversity on islands that vary in their size and isolation from the mainland as a function of colonization and extinction rates. ‘MacArthur’s Paradox’ [38,39] highlights the ...
Summary and perspective on evolutionary ecology
... the short life cycle and early reproduction after 2 years of life, pink salmon populations consist of two reproductively isolated broodlines which spawn alternately in even and odd years. The higher transplantation success of odd-year versus even-year broodlines suggested that strong biological diff ...
... the short life cycle and early reproduction after 2 years of life, pink salmon populations consist of two reproductively isolated broodlines which spawn alternately in even and odd years. The higher transplantation success of odd-year versus even-year broodlines suggested that strong biological diff ...
Coevolutionary Dynamics and the Conservation of Mutualisms
... Judith L. Bronstein, Ulf Dieckmann, and Régis Ferrière ...
... Judith L. Bronstein, Ulf Dieckmann, and Régis Ferrière ...
... (Massachusetts, North Carolina). The proposed field manipulations will reveal the effects of temperature increases on the populations, communities, and associated ecosystem services of assemblages of ground-foraging ants. Ants are a model taxon for studying effects of global climatic change because ...
5 Annual Undergraduate Research Symposium 2013
... Mariah Allen, Lake Forest College, and Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL In prairie restoration, land managers use aboveground methods that focus on the plant community, such as removal of invasive species, reintroduction of native species, and prescribed fire. The soil microbial community plays a ...
... Mariah Allen, Lake Forest College, and Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL In prairie restoration, land managers use aboveground methods that focus on the plant community, such as removal of invasive species, reintroduction of native species, and prescribed fire. The soil microbial community plays a ...
Ecological footprints and sustainable development
... shows that current human development is unsustainable — we only have one Earth (Ward and Dubos, 1972). Yet, if we are to actively engage in the processes of making development sustainable we need to establish indicators so that we know if we are moving towards or away from a sustainable future. We a ...
... shows that current human development is unsustainable — we only have one Earth (Ward and Dubos, 1972). Yet, if we are to actively engage in the processes of making development sustainable we need to establish indicators so that we know if we are moving towards or away from a sustainable future. We a ...
"Balance of Nature" metaphor in population ecology
... animals are constantly varying to a greater or less extent, and the variations are usually irregular in period and always irregular in amplitude” (Elton 1930). However, the balance of nature concept had already been redefined by insect ecologists. Howard and Fisk (1911) analyzed populations of gypsy ...
... animals are constantly varying to a greater or less extent, and the variations are usually irregular in period and always irregular in amplitude” (Elton 1930). However, the balance of nature concept had already been redefined by insect ecologists. Howard and Fisk (1911) analyzed populations of gypsy ...
Spillover of functionally important organisms between managed and
... are often important drivers of community structure and dynamics within focal habitats. Here, we make the case that mass movement of organisms between habitats, i.e., across-habitat spillover, often affects trophic interactions in complex landscape mosaics. This review focuses on functional spillover ...
... are often important drivers of community structure and dynamics within focal habitats. Here, we make the case that mass movement of organisms between habitats, i.e., across-habitat spillover, often affects trophic interactions in complex landscape mosaics. This review focuses on functional spillover ...
3-1 What Is Ecology? - Blue Valley Schools
... Levels of Organization To understand relationships within the biosphere, ecologists ask questions about events and organisms that range in complexity from a single individual to the entire biosphere. The levels of organization that ecologists study include: individuals, populations, communities, eco ...
... Levels of Organization To understand relationships within the biosphere, ecologists ask questions about events and organisms that range in complexity from a single individual to the entire biosphere. The levels of organization that ecologists study include: individuals, populations, communities, eco ...
essentially a monospecific shrub land that is primarily composed of
... of healthy watersheds will support a number of species of invertebrates and vertebrates that affect soi I properties and processes thereby affecting the spatial patterns and structural features of the vegetation. In arid regions, sediment loss over time frequently results in soil surface with varyin ...
... of healthy watersheds will support a number of species of invertebrates and vertebrates that affect soi I properties and processes thereby affecting the spatial patterns and structural features of the vegetation. In arid regions, sediment loss over time frequently results in soil surface with varyin ...
stochastic processes across scales Disentangling the importance of
... biogeography [29,30] ignored any differences among species in their traits (i.e. species were neutral) when predicting species diversity on islands that vary in their size and isolation from the mainland as a function of colonization and extinction rates. ‘MacArthur’s Paradox’ [38,39] highlights the ...
... biogeography [29,30] ignored any differences among species in their traits (i.e. species were neutral) when predicting species diversity on islands that vary in their size and isolation from the mainland as a function of colonization and extinction rates. ‘MacArthur’s Paradox’ [38,39] highlights the ...
silvafennicaartic
... conservation must reflect the spatial, compositional and functional complementarity of the biodiversity objectives. It has been suggested that this approach should be based either on the selection for protection of several “focal” species or on “landscape” species, as well as on their response to hu ...
... conservation must reflect the spatial, compositional and functional complementarity of the biodiversity objectives. It has been suggested that this approach should be based either on the selection for protection of several “focal” species or on “landscape” species, as well as on their response to hu ...
Caddisfly diapause aggregations facilitate benthic invertebrate colonization
... 1. We used natural and manipulative field experiments to examine the effects of caddisfly (Trichoptera) diapause aggregations on benthic macroinvertebrates communities in a Vermont river. 2. Natural substrates with aggregations of Neophylax and Brachycentrus (Trichoptera: Uenoidae and Brachycentrida ...
... 1. We used natural and manipulative field experiments to examine the effects of caddisfly (Trichoptera) diapause aggregations on benthic macroinvertebrates communities in a Vermont river. 2. Natural substrates with aggregations of Neophylax and Brachycentrus (Trichoptera: Uenoidae and Brachycentrida ...
Ecosystems at Risk
... An ecosystem is defined as a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. ...
... An ecosystem is defined as a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. ...
Ecosystems at Risk
... An ecosystem is defined as a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. ...
... An ecosystem is defined as a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. ...
Restoration ecology
Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in the 1980s. It is the scientific study supporting the practice of ecological restoration, which is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action. The term ""restoration ecology"" is therefore commonly used for the academic study of the process, whereas the term ""ecological restoration"" is commonly used for the actual project or process by restoration practitioners.