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... Interphase: Preparing for replication – cell grows, normal cell function. Preparing for cell division – DNA replication (synthesis). Preparing for division of nucleus (mitosis). Longest phase of a cell. ...
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Slide 1

... • Phases of mitosis in animal cells  Although mitosis is divided into phases, it is a continuous process.  DNA has been replicated before mitosis begins.  Each chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids attached at a centromere.  Red chromosomes are from one parent, blue are from the other pare ...
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Pre-Test
Pre-Test

... and protein components among the organelles. c) The Golgi apparatus functions in the modification and sorting of lipids and proteins. d) Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system. e) Small vesicles are importa ...
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Mitosis



Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.
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