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Bacteria
Bacteria

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Heritable Stochastic Switching Revealed by Single-Cell Genealogy
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... Prokaryotes—Prior Knowledge • Students may have looked at bacterial cells under a microscope. Prokaryotic cells, while simple, provide for many different life forms, most bacteria. • Before there were cells, there were chemical reactions. Demonstrate some basic chemical reactions and then ask, “Wha ...
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the fine structure of von ebner`s gland of the rat

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apoptosis and wnt signaling during unloaded conditions in human
apoptosis and wnt signaling during unloaded conditions in human

... followed by incubation with and without amelogenin present in the medium. Cell replication was significantly increased in the presence of amelogenin (Figure A and B). The results demonstrate that amelogenin proteins act as an epigenetic signal to stimulate cell proliferation of the subpopulation of ...
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Detergentsalt resistance of LAP2 in interphase nuclei and

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ECTOPIC ROOT HAIR 3 in root patterning - Development
ECTOPIC ROOT HAIR 3 in root patterning - Development

... cell. A cell with a high level of WER relative to CPC will develop as an N cell while one with higher levels of CPC will develop as an H cell (Lee and Schiefelbein, 1999). It has been reported that erh3-1 mutants develop H cells in the N position indicating that ERH3 is required for a process during ...
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Mitosis



Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.
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