Endokrinologi
... • Hormone receptors are proteins with bifunctional properties of recognition of the hormone (ie, ability to distinguish the hormone from other molecules to which they are exposed) and transduction of the information from binding to downstream receptor effects. The hormone acts as an allosteric effec ...
... • Hormone receptors are proteins with bifunctional properties of recognition of the hormone (ie, ability to distinguish the hormone from other molecules to which they are exposed) and transduction of the information from binding to downstream receptor effects. The hormone acts as an allosteric effec ...
Thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes
... described in general terms, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. DSC allows whole cells to be studied whilst applying a heat stress. Thermograms of several bacterial species have been published (Verrips & Kwast, 1977; Miles et al., 1986) and in general the scans of L. monoc ...
... described in general terms, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. DSC allows whole cells to be studied whilst applying a heat stress. Thermograms of several bacterial species have been published (Verrips & Kwast, 1977; Miles et al., 1986) and in general the scans of L. monoc ...
Mediation of Clathrin-Dependent Trafficking during
... membrane trafficking and is required for cytokinesis and cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that the loss of SCD2 function disrupts cytokinesis and cell expansion and impairs fertility, phenotypes similar to those observed for scd1 mutants. Genetic and biochemical analyses showed t ...
... membrane trafficking and is required for cytokinesis and cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that the loss of SCD2 function disrupts cytokinesis and cell expansion and impairs fertility, phenotypes similar to those observed for scd1 mutants. Genetic and biochemical analyses showed t ...
gamma-delta T cells target the red blood cell
... Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells expressing the Vγ9 and Vδ2 chains of the T cell receptor represent a non-conventional T lymphocyte subset found only in primates that accounts for 0.5 to 5% of peripheral T cells. Gamma-delta T cells circulate in the blood, patrolling vascular beds, readily responding to tum ...
... Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells expressing the Vγ9 and Vδ2 chains of the T cell receptor represent a non-conventional T lymphocyte subset found only in primates that accounts for 0.5 to 5% of peripheral T cells. Gamma-delta T cells circulate in the blood, patrolling vascular beds, readily responding to tum ...
a. Lesson 1 – Viruses
... o Be able to describe/give an example of each: Environmental recycling Food and fungi Disease-fighting fungi Disease-causing fungi Fungus-plant root associations Lichens ...
... o Be able to describe/give an example of each: Environmental recycling Food and fungi Disease-fighting fungi Disease-causing fungi Fungus-plant root associations Lichens ...
Desiccation Tolerance of Prokaryotes: Application of Principles to
... ferred to as melanoidins, in mixtures of sugars and amino acids. The principal mechanism involved in the formation of Maillard products is the condensation of dicarbonyl compounds on reducing sugars with primary amines on proteins and nucleic acids. Metal-catalyzed Haber–Weiss and Fenton reactions, ...
... ferred to as melanoidins, in mixtures of sugars and amino acids. The principal mechanism involved in the formation of Maillard products is the condensation of dicarbonyl compounds on reducing sugars with primary amines on proteins and nucleic acids. Metal-catalyzed Haber–Weiss and Fenton reactions, ...
Spatial and temporal changes in the expression of fibroglycan
... and remodelling of the extracellular matrix are fundamental to the development of an organism. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are potentially important modulators of these processes by acting as receptors and stabilizers for matrix components and growth factors, and by accelerating the r ...
... and remodelling of the extracellular matrix are fundamental to the development of an organism. Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are potentially important modulators of these processes by acting as receptors and stabilizers for matrix components and growth factors, and by accelerating the r ...
The ARP2/3 complex: giving plant cells a leading edge
... protrusion could be related to a more fundamental actin polymerization-based form of motility that is exhibited by certain microorganisms and endosymbiotic subcellular organelles.(2–4) Recent studies reveal that certain molecular components in expanding, non-motile, plant cells(5–18) bear strong sim ...
... protrusion could be related to a more fundamental actin polymerization-based form of motility that is exhibited by certain microorganisms and endosymbiotic subcellular organelles.(2–4) Recent studies reveal that certain molecular components in expanding, non-motile, plant cells(5–18) bear strong sim ...
1 The Role of Receptor-Like Kinases in
... gene family, as combining the1 with herk1 and/or herk2 mutations, single mutants that are also aphenotypic, resulted in strong effects on cell expansion, including decreased petiole length and shoot growth (Guo et al., 2009a; Guo et al., 2009b) similar to the effects of the fer mutation. The overall ...
... gene family, as combining the1 with herk1 and/or herk2 mutations, single mutants that are also aphenotypic, resulted in strong effects on cell expansion, including decreased petiole length and shoot growth (Guo et al., 2009a; Guo et al., 2009b) similar to the effects of the fer mutation. The overall ...
The ongoing search for the molecular basis of plant osmosensing
... and therefore the water potential, of the soil decreases. In addition, plants growing in hot dry air can become dehydrated, even when the soil is relatively wet, if water cannot be taken up rapidly enough by the roots to compensate for the water lost through stomata. Many plants regularly lose turgo ...
... and therefore the water potential, of the soil decreases. In addition, plants growing in hot dry air can become dehydrated, even when the soil is relatively wet, if water cannot be taken up rapidly enough by the roots to compensate for the water lost through stomata. Many plants regularly lose turgo ...
Chapter 3
... For the genetic code to be translated into synthesis of a particular protein, the DNA code is copied onto a strand of RNA (genetic ...
... For the genetic code to be translated into synthesis of a particular protein, the DNA code is copied onto a strand of RNA (genetic ...
Conjugating Enzymes Belonging to the UbcP4/E2
... genes in various tissues of plants. Their transcripts were always, but not exclusively, found in tissues active for cell division. Thus, the UBC19/20 E2s may have a key function during cell cycle, but may also be involved in ubiquitylation reactions occurring during differentiation and/or in differe ...
... genes in various tissues of plants. Their transcripts were always, but not exclusively, found in tissues active for cell division. Thus, the UBC19/20 E2s may have a key function during cell cycle, but may also be involved in ubiquitylation reactions occurring during differentiation and/or in differe ...
Polarity Control of Spindle Positioning in the C. elegans Embryo
... examples of niche-dependent asymmetric divisions. The mechanisms that control these divisions differ from the focus of this chapter and are therefore not discussed. Insight obtained in C. elegans studies has substantially contributed to the molecular understanding of asymmetric divisions in mammals, ...
... examples of niche-dependent asymmetric divisions. The mechanisms that control these divisions differ from the focus of this chapter and are therefore not discussed. Insight obtained in C. elegans studies has substantially contributed to the molecular understanding of asymmetric divisions in mammals, ...
Sample Chapter
... Cells vary considerably in size. We measure cell sizes in units called micrometers (mi′kro-me″terz). A micrometer equals one thousandth of a millimeter and is symbolized µm. A human egg cell is about 140 µm in diameter and is just barely visible to an unaided eye. This is large when compared to a re ...
... Cells vary considerably in size. We measure cell sizes in units called micrometers (mi′kro-me″terz). A micrometer equals one thousandth of a millimeter and is symbolized µm. A human egg cell is about 140 µm in diameter and is just barely visible to an unaided eye. This is large when compared to a re ...
Connective Tissue
... Some of these enzymes, e.g. collagenase, include a zinc atom & require Ca2+ to work - hence Matrix Metalloproteinases, e.g. MMP-3 The inhibitors of these enzymes go under the abbreviation TIMPs - Tissue Inhibitors of MMPs; & are also made by fibroblasts & other matrix-influencing cells ECM MOLECULA ...
... Some of these enzymes, e.g. collagenase, include a zinc atom & require Ca2+ to work - hence Matrix Metalloproteinases, e.g. MMP-3 The inhibitors of these enzymes go under the abbreviation TIMPs - Tissue Inhibitors of MMPs; & are also made by fibroblasts & other matrix-influencing cells ECM MOLECULA ...
Flies evolved small bodies and cells at high or fluctuating
... whenever biologists have focused their lenses on this subject (Arendt, ...
... whenever biologists have focused their lenses on this subject (Arendt, ...
Protista(amoeba)
... 1. The contractile vacuole eliminates excess water which comes as a by-product of respiration or enters the cell by osmosis (amoeba is hypertonic). 2. Water is actively transported into the contractile vacuole. Hence many mitochondria surround the contractile vacuole producing the necessary ATP/ener ...
... 1. The contractile vacuole eliminates excess water which comes as a by-product of respiration or enters the cell by osmosis (amoeba is hypertonic). 2. Water is actively transported into the contractile vacuole. Hence many mitochondria surround the contractile vacuole producing the necessary ATP/ener ...
Article - Research | www.stowers.org
... cell sheets plays a crucial role in shaping organs such as the heart, lung, and kidney. In many organisms, epithelial-cell sheet invagination is promoted when a few epithelial cells adopt a bottle- or wedge-like shape resulting from a striking constriction of their apical domain. Such cellshape chan ...
... cell sheets plays a crucial role in shaping organs such as the heart, lung, and kidney. In many organisms, epithelial-cell sheet invagination is promoted when a few epithelial cells adopt a bottle- or wedge-like shape resulting from a striking constriction of their apical domain. Such cellshape chan ...
osb_week03_Lab3
... In this portion of the lab, you will be given two solutions. Your job is to determine which is the hypertonic (hyperosmotic) solution. You will be able to do this by using "model cells". We will model cells by using eggs. “Eggs??!!” you exclaim. Yes, eggs! They have been specially prepared to make t ...
... In this portion of the lab, you will be given two solutions. Your job is to determine which is the hypertonic (hyperosmotic) solution. You will be able to do this by using "model cells". We will model cells by using eggs. “Eggs??!!” you exclaim. Yes, eggs! They have been specially prepared to make t ...
Measuring the mechanical properties of plant cells by combining
... contact patch, it was found that contact force is the product of turgor pressure and the projected contact area, demonstrating a significant role for indenter geometry in this system. This relationship was later reproduced on suspension-cultured tomato cells (Wang et al., 2006) when performing large ...
... contact patch, it was found that contact force is the product of turgor pressure and the projected contact area, demonstrating a significant role for indenter geometry in this system. This relationship was later reproduced on suspension-cultured tomato cells (Wang et al., 2006) when performing large ...
NuMA assembles into an extensive filamentous structure when
... localized in the cell nucleus to sequester it away from the cytoplasmic microtubules we decided to examine how cells progress through mitosis if NuMA is present in the cell cytoplasm instead of the nucleus. The amino acid sequence necessary and sufficient for NuMA’s localization in the nucleus has b ...
... localized in the cell nucleus to sequester it away from the cytoplasmic microtubules we decided to examine how cells progress through mitosis if NuMA is present in the cell cytoplasm instead of the nucleus. The amino acid sequence necessary and sufficient for NuMA’s localization in the nucleus has b ...
The role of desmoplakin during epidermal development
... Many diseases relating to the proteins that make up the desmosome have been described, but it is not understood why these defects occur. The overall goal of this work is to gain more insight on the role that the desmosome plays during embryological development. Previous studies have noted that a lac ...
... Many diseases relating to the proteins that make up the desmosome have been described, but it is not understood why these defects occur. The overall goal of this work is to gain more insight on the role that the desmosome plays during embryological development. Previous studies have noted that a lac ...
Plk4/SAK/ZYG-1 in the regulation of centriole
... of Plk4/SAK/ZYG-1 protein kinases has begun to describe the complexity of this process. Perhaps the most intriguing feature of these studies is the observation that Plk4/SAK activity peaks at mitosis and promotes maintenance of Sas6 during this same time in the cell cycle. While both of these protei ...
... of Plk4/SAK/ZYG-1 protein kinases has begun to describe the complexity of this process. Perhaps the most intriguing feature of these studies is the observation that Plk4/SAK activity peaks at mitosis and promotes maintenance of Sas6 during this same time in the cell cycle. While both of these protei ...
CHAPTER 9 IMMUNOGLOBULIN BIOSYNTHESIS
... production of IgM to IgG, from IgG to IgA, etc. The light chain does not change, nor does the VH; only the CH changes, so that the original combining site (and therefore idiotype) is now associated with a molecule of a different class or subclass. Switching is unidirectional--an IgG-producing cell c ...
... production of IgM to IgG, from IgG to IgA, etc. The light chain does not change, nor does the VH; only the CH changes, so that the original combining site (and therefore idiotype) is now associated with a molecule of a different class or subclass. Switching is unidirectional--an IgG-producing cell c ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.