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Heredity
Heredity

... probability. The location of alleles on eukaryotic chromosomes can be determined and mapped using the frequency of crossing over. Changes in the structure of chromosomes as well as the inheritance of specific alleles can result in genetic disorders, some of which can be tested for at different stage ...
Population Genetics
Population Genetics

... a. Sexual dimorphism is the difference in appearance between males and females of a species. -Intrasexual selection is the direct competition between members of the same sex for mates of the opposite sex. -This gives rise to males most often having secondary sexual equipment such as antlers that are ...
Online-Only Material
Online-Only Material

... 14) Which website presents the general guidelines for referrals to clinical geneticists, for advice related to inherited forms of cancer? o www.erfelijkheid.nl o www.oncoline.nl o www.kankerrichtlijn.nl o www.erfelijkekanker.nl 15) Multiple patients in the same family are diagnosed with colorectal c ...
News New Jersey State Board of Pharmacy October  2014
News New Jersey State Board of Pharmacy October 2014

... warning to be added to the drug label to highlight this information. Oral viscous lidocaine solution is not approved to treat teething pain, and use in infants and young children can cause serious harm, including death, indicates FDA in a June 2014 Safety Announcement. FDA advises health care provid ...
adverse drug event
adverse drug event

... pharmacists greater access to patients and allowing pharmacists to do what they were trained to do… •Ensure positive pharmacotherapeutic outcomes for their patients. ...
Hypertensive patients with concomitant diseases
Hypertensive patients with concomitant diseases

... recommended when the preferred first-line agents (diuretics or B-blockers) are contraindicated or ineffective.. A. Actions The ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance without reflexively increasing cardiac output, rate, or contractility. These drugs block the A ...
letter - Wall Street Journal
letter - Wall Street Journal

... peer-reviewed reports provide accurate, validated information and that even if individual articles are biased, the published literature as a whole can provide balance. Regrettably, recent experience shows that this is not always the case. There have been a number of high-profile instances in recent ...
rivaroxaban (ri-va-rox-a-ban) - DavisPlus
rivaroxaban (ri-va-rox-a-ban) - DavisPlus

... When switching from anticoagulants other than warfarin to rivaroxaban, start rivaroxaban 0 to 2 hr prior to next scheduled evening dose and omit dose of other anticoagulant. For continuous heparin, discontinue heparin and administer rivaroxaban at same time. When switching from rivaroxaban to warfar ...
Importation of Non-FDA Approved Prescription Drugs
Importation of Non-FDA Approved Prescription Drugs

... Security Act (DSCSA), will pose significant risks to patient safety and the safety and security of our nation’s drug supply. Also, cost savings could be reduced by trade-related taxes and fees that may be imposed on these foreign products and entities. APhA is concerned pharmacies will have little c ...
20130912Canagliflozin&Linagliptin
20130912Canagliflozin&Linagliptin

... The Charlson comorbidity index predicts the ten-year mortality for a patient who may have a range of comorbid conditions, such as heart disease, AIDS, or cancer (a total of 22 conditions). Each condition is assigned a score of 1, 2, 3, or 6, depending on the risk of dying associated with each one. S ...
valproates - DavisPlus
valproates - DavisPlus

Asthma Medications
Asthma Medications

Antimycobacterial drugs
Antimycobacterial drugs

... All large populations of tubercle bacilli contain some streptomycinresistant mutants. On average, 1 in 108 tubercle bacilli can be expected to be resistant to streptomycin at levels of 10–100 mcg/mL. Resistance is due to a point mutation in either the rpsL gene encoding the S12 ribosomal protein gen ...
Drugs - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW
Drugs - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

... Higher gradient = Higher rate of passage across the membrane. 2-Molecular weight & size: The smaller is the faster. ...
University of Georgia Sports Medicine
University of Georgia Sports Medicine

... Although the exact causes of asthma are unknown, several factors, including exercise, may induce an asthma attack. The majority of patients with asthma and patients with allergies will have exerciseinduced bronchospasm (EIB). EIB usually occurs during or minutes after vigorous activity, reaches it's ...
Word document
Word document

... This is also an opportunity to talk with students about the predictive value of genetic testing and the concept of likelihood or risk. For example, the E4 version of the APOE gene has been linked to an increased chance of developing Alzheimer’s disease. While APOE is one risk factor, other genetic a ...
QA171_3_Liver_ADRs_April_2014_update
QA171_3_Liver_ADRs_April_2014_update

... fully understood, drug selection should involve consideration of some or all of the following classes of adverse effects: dermatological, endocrine/metabolic, gastrointestinal, haematological, neurological, and renal. The potential for drug-induced hepatotoxicity should be considered in patients wit ...
Opiate Use in the Treatment of Chronic Pain
Opiate Use in the Treatment of Chronic Pain

... management skills including fitness and a healthy lifestyle in the face of pain that may persist. • Medications are not the sole focus or treatment in managing pain and should be used only when needed to meet overall goals of therapy in conjunction with other treatment modalities ...
malathion - DavisPlus
malathion - DavisPlus

... Drug-Drug: These interactions would only occur if large amounts of malathion were absorbed. Additive toxicity may occur with carbamate or organophosphate⫽ Canadian drug name. ...
Chapter 23: Microevolution
Chapter 23: Microevolution

... A. the ultimate source of genetic variation is mutations B. once variation exists, it can be affected by independent assortment and genetic recombination during gamete formation 1. consider the cross AaBb x AaBb – 9 different genotypes arise 2. this involves only 2 alleles at 2 loci; if there were 6 ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Saccharomyces Genome Database
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Saccharomyces Genome Database

... As mentioned above, for genes defined by mutation, upper- and lowercase designations are used for dominant and recessive alleles, respectively. However, because a given allele can be dominant in one cross and recessive in another, this can lead to some difficulty. On the genetic and physical maps, t ...
fact file: genetic diversity
fact file: genetic diversity

... the proteins that cause blue skin. As they reproduced eventually everyone had blue skin; they have the phenotype of a blue skin. ...
Pharmacology for the Medical Office
Pharmacology for the Medical Office

... prescribed methodologies and concepts.  Students must demonstrate understanding of multiple facts and principles and their relationships, and differentiate between elements of information. Students state ideal sequence for performing task.  Performs most parts of the competency with instructor ass ...
4/7/2014 Lab Results Financial disclosure Follow Up Lab Tests
4/7/2014 Lab Results Financial disclosure Follow Up Lab Tests

... no calibrators approved for Dabigatran • Dilute TT shows a linear response curve over therapeutic range, but not specific to Dabigatran ...
AK_NEDMDG_2010_Final - New England Drug Metabolism
AK_NEDMDG_2010_Final - New England Drug Metabolism

...  Better congruence between dose and plasma concentration, thus reducing or even eliminating the need for expensive therapeutic monitoring.  Reduction in metabolic turnover rates from different species which, in turn, may permit better extrapolation of animal data to humans.  Lower patient-to-pati ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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