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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) – opportunity analysis and
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) – opportunity analysis and

... modifying is [sic], (1) the treatment of muscle ...
Parent–offspring conflict and the genetics of offspring solicitation
Parent–offspring conflict and the genetics of offspring solicitation

... Unstable cycling arms races among parental and offspring strategies, rather than evolutionarily stable resolutions, have been proposed repeatedly as a possible ‘outcome’ of parent–offspring conflict (Stamps et al. 1978; Dawkins & Krebs 1979; Parker & Macnair 1979; Bull 1985). Such an arms race scena ...
Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference
Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference

... ) has been shown in various studies,1-6 two of which2,5 were ...
AusPAR: Normal Human Immunoglobulin
AusPAR: Normal Human Immunoglobulin

... formulation was then further developed in order to address viscosity features typical of very highly concentrated IgG solutions for subcutaneous application. Several highly concentrated liquid IgG solutions were examined including solutions of 15%, 16%, 18% and 20% protein content. L-proline was dem ...
Minoxidil Topical Solution USP 2%
Minoxidil Topical Solution USP 2%

... mg per day, as tolerated, to a recommended dose of 3 mg per day. Although efficacy has been demonstrated in studies of adolescent patients with schizophrenia at doses between 1 mg to 6 mg per day, no additional benefit was observed above 3 mg per day, and higher doses were associated with more adver ...
International Narcotics Control Board
International Narcotics Control Board

... The regular analysis of consumption data, particularly regarding narcotic drugs, convinced the Board that the level of consumption of narcotic drugs was very low in a number of countries. Therefore, in 1989, the Board, in cooperation with WHO, assessed the medical need for opiates in the world. They ...
Genetics of asthma and atopy Koppelman, Gerard
Genetics of asthma and atopy Koppelman, Gerard

... asthma, as well as in the population studied by Baldini et al., the CD14/-159 genotype was not associated with atopy defined by at least one positive skin test.15 Therefore, the CD14/-159 genotype does not appear to represent a susceptibility gene for the development of atopy, yet it appears to prod ...
Extended Phenytoin Sodium Capsules USP, 100 mg - Upsher
Extended Phenytoin Sodium Capsules USP, 100 mg - Upsher

... of malignancies, including neuroblastoma, in children whose mothers received phenytoin during pregnancy. The overall incidence of malformations for children of epileptic women treated with antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin and/or others) during pregnancy is about 10%, or two- to threefold that in the g ...
Chapter_015_LO
Chapter_015_LO

... Factors Influencing Response to Pain • Although people may have the same injury or insult, they may respond differently because many physical and psychosocial factors affect the response to pain • Important for health professionals to be nonjudgmental and to avoid comparing one individual in pain w ...
Full Prescribing Information for CONCERTA® (methylphenidate HCl)
Full Prescribing Information for CONCERTA® (methylphenidate HCl)

... Doses may be increased in 18 mg increments at weekly intervals for patients who have not achieved an optimal response at a lower dose. Daily dosages above 54 mg in children and 72 mg in adolescents have not been studied and are not recommended. Daily dosages above 72 mg in adults are not recommended ...
full prescribing information
full prescribing information

... Patients who are using drugs that suppress the immune system are more susceptible to infections than healthy individuals. Chicken pox and measles, for example, can have a more serious or even fatal course in susceptible children or adults using corticosteroids. In children or adults who have not had ...
Full Prescribing Information for CONCERTA
Full Prescribing Information for CONCERTA

... Doses may be increased in 18 mg increments at weekly intervals for patients who have not achieved an optimal response at a lower dose. Daily dosages above 54 mg in children and 72 mg in adolescents have not been studied and are not recommended. Daily dosages above 72 mg in adults are not recommended ...
Xyrem - Annexes - European Commission
Xyrem - Annexes - European Commission

... Common: asthenia, fatigue, feeling drunk Investigations: Common: blood pressure increased In some patients, cataplexy may return at a higher frequency on cessation of sodium oxybate therapy, however this may be due to the normal variability of the disease. Although the clinical trial experience with ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

abnormalities, coronary artery disease, or other serious heart problems. (5.1)
abnormalities, coronary artery disease, or other serious heart problems. (5.1)

... Doses may be increased in 18 mg increments at weekly intervals for patients who have not achieved an optimal response at a lower dose. Daily dosages above 54 mg in children and 72 mg in adolescents have not been studied and are not recommended. Daily dosages above 72 mg in adults are not recommended ...
HUMALOG® Mix50/50TM
HUMALOG® Mix50/50TM

... Age and Gender — Information on the effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of Humalog Mix50/50 is unavailable. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparisons between men and women administered Humalog Mix50/50 showed no gender differences. In large Humalog clinical trials, subgroup analysis based on ...
Combining Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
Combining Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)

... versus the NSAID group. No statistical difference in median quality scores was found between experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that a combination of paracetamol and an NSAID may offer superior analgesia compared with either drug alone. (Anesth Analg 2010;110:1170 –9) ...
Effects of Social Interaction and Warm Ambient
Effects of Social Interaction and Warm Ambient

... conditions’). In all experiments, we also measured locomotor activity using photobeams as previously described (Kiyatkin and Brown, 2004). We exposed all rats to the same 2-week experimental protocol. During the first week, we examined temperature and locomotor responses produced by either methylone ...
Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties of the
Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties of the

... anti-oxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons or hydrogen from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. Anti-oxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radic ...
Fentanyl Buccal Lozenges (Actiq®)
Fentanyl Buccal Lozenges (Actiq®)

... managed with this dose of fentanyl sublingual spray, a patient may use a second dose as directed by their health care provider, with no more than two doses being used to treat any breakthrough pain episode. Again, patients must wait at least four hours before treating subsequent breakthrough pain e ...
Simvastatin
Simvastatin

... and in rats approximately 5 g.kg-1 Hepatic changes have been detected in several species used in toxicity tests. In the rat these changes appeared to be due to proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum consequent upon induction of HMGCo-A reductase. They were reversible by mevalonate. In the ...
1 Surrogate Genetics and Metabolic Profiling for Characterization of
1 Surrogate Genetics and Metabolic Profiling for Characterization of

... (SCHUBERT et al. 1997), can sometimes disentangle the underlying contribution of a gene to disease. In this work we have taken an approach that complements both increased sequencing capacity and expanded phenotypic description. We used surrogate genetics to assay directly the function of allelic var ...
Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Study
Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Study

... provides a fast and secure means for synchronizing neuronal populations and could be important in the development of synchrony in epileptogenesis. 17 Clearly not all hyperexcitability and hypersynchrony are the result of chemical transmission between cells. Ephaptic interactions, which are defined a ...
8 th International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV
8 th International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV

... CD4+ cell count ≥100 cells/mm3, and HIV-1 utilizing cellular CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) (R5-tropic) based on viral tropism assessment, and no reverse transcriptase (RT) drug resistance mutations were randomized 2:2:1 to APL 600mg BID, APL 800mg BID or efavirenz (EFV) each in combination with COM ...
ZYRTEC-D 12 HOUR   (cetirizine hydrochloride 5 mg and
ZYRTEC-D 12 HOUR  (cetirizine hydrochloride 5 mg and

... Extended Release Tablets with alcohol or other CNS depressants should be avoided because additional reductions in alertness and additional impairment of CNS performance may occur. Drug Interactions: Cetirizine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride do not influence the pharmacokinetics of e ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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