• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Genetic Algorithms - Department of Computer Science
Genetic Algorithms - Department of Computer Science

... a particular environment. Thus, Natural Selection according to the individual fitness is NOT an active driving force, IS differential survival and reproduction within a population. ...
all in the genes - The Wild Trout Trust
all in the genes - The Wild Trout Trust

... The complete wild trout gene pool represents the ultimate “master library” of every single version of every single trout gene that could possibly be present in any lineages (whether domestic or wild). Both domestication and local adaptation in the wild involves selecting only a subset of the total g ...
Major depression
Major depression

... antidepressants that, like the TCAs, act by inhibiting serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. This appears to be one of the mechanisms accounting both for the higher rates of depression remission and the analgesic efficacy associated with TCAs and SNRIs as compared with SSRIs. Venlafaxine, duloxetin ...
SOMATROPIN for growth hormone deficiencies of
SOMATROPIN for growth hormone deficiencies of

... I am requesting your agreement to sharing the care of this patient. The preliminary tests set out in the protocol have been carried out. I am currently prescribing the stabilising treatment. I would like you to undertake treatment from: The initial treatment will be: The baseline tests are: If you u ...
Chapter 3 Mendelian Genetics
Chapter 3 Mendelian Genetics

PK - 11-19
PK - 11-19

...  What are examples of methods of elimination of proteins?  What are two ways that biologics can move across vasculature?  Biologic drugs often exhibit high or low volume of distribution? Explain your answer. ...
Therapeutic Interchange Program: H2 Receptor Antagonist TABLE
Therapeutic Interchange Program: H2 Receptor Antagonist TABLE

... ergic agent and subsequently, was found to have analgesic properties. It’s availability as an injectable solution, in contrast to the then-commonly used morphine hypodermic tablet, resulted in widespread usage. More recently however, meperidine has come under fire from various healthcare organizatio ...
Surrogate End Points
Surrogate End Points

... but at the same time high blood glucose in itself may cause a number of symptoms such as tiredness and increased thirst. Are they used in sales advertisements? If hard outcome data are not available, pharmaceutical companies often use surrogate end points in their sales materials. For example sales ...
Topic 4.3: Theoretical genetics
Topic 4.3: Theoretical genetics

... 1. Carrier: An individual who has a recessive allele of a gene that does not have an effect on their phenotype 2. Test Cross: Testing a suspected heterozygote plant or animal by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive. (aa) Since a recessive allele can be masked, it is often impossible to tell ...
Non-Equivalence of Antibiotic Generic Drugs and Risk for Intensive
Non-Equivalence of Antibiotic Generic Drugs and Risk for Intensive

... decided against introducing any such law [20]. One of the key issues in the decision not to pursue a legal requirement was “the perception strongly held by consultation respondents that generic substitution posed a threat to patient safety” [20]. Although not stated, it is likely that these safety c ...
FACTS ABOUT PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE DEFICIENCy
FACTS ABOUT PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE DEFICIENCy

... metabolize choline ester drugs efficiently, and after a normal dose of a choline ester drug will be paralyzed for up to several hours. Individuals with psuedocholinesterase deficiency must be closely monitored and supported by mechanical ventilation any time a choline ester drug is administered. No ...
Macugen
Macugen

... Macugen® is an aptamer, a pegylated modified oligonucleotide, which is a selective vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonist. It is a type of signal-transduction inhibitor (STI) and angiogenesis inhibitor indicated for the treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (A ...
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases

... In close proximity to the parietal cells are gut endocrine cells called enterochromaffin -like (ECL) cells. ECL cells also have receptors for gastrin and acetylcholine, which stimulate histamine release. Histamine binds to the H2 receptor on the parietal cell, resulting in activation of adenylyl cy ...
Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in women
Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in women

... syndrome or mixed urinary incontinence as first-line drug treatment if bladder training has been ineffective. Women should be counselled about the adverse effects of antimuscarinic drugs. There is no evidence of a clinically important difference in efficacy between antimuscarinic drugs. However, imm ...
Validating therapeutic targets through human genetics
Validating therapeutic targets through human genetics

... possible to assess its effect on a biological phenotype (y axis) such as cellular signalling or receptor levels. The red points on the graph indicate a dose-dependent relationship between target function and biological phenotype, as loss of function of a target leads to reduced (low) biological acti ...
Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

... • The normal allele codes for a membrane protein that transports Cl- between cells and the environment. • If these channels are defective or absent, there are abnormally high extracellular levels of chloride that causes the mucus coats of certain cells to become thicker and stickier than normal. • T ...
Mendelian Genetics REview
Mendelian Genetics REview

... Recessive, if it were dominant it would affect at least 1 parent of a child with the disorder. The disorder’s inheritance is sexlinked because it is seen only in boys. For a girl to have the disorder, she would have to inherit recessive alleles form both parents. This would be very rare, since males ...
Natural Alternatives to Pharmaceutical Cox
Natural Alternatives to Pharmaceutical Cox

... had good to excellent results2 • Helped relieve symptoms of acute sinusitis in DB study3 • Dosage: 1000-1500 mg daily of 2400 GDU/g material ...
b.pharm v semister - Andhra University
b.pharm v semister - Andhra University

... Meaning and Evolution of Management; Planning, organizing, staffing, Directing, Co-ordinating, Reporting and Budgeting; Functions of management with reference to pharmaceutical ...
Amphetamines - EDAS Essential Drugs and Alcohol Services
Amphetamines - EDAS Essential Drugs and Alcohol Services

... eighties, a rise in the late nineties, it appears to be falling again at around 8 per cent pure (half what it was five years ago). Amphetamine base tends to be 50 per cent pure or more, though this is falling. Base typically sells for £15 a gram. There is also concern about the number of people who ...
Uniseed Overview and Investments November 2014 1
Uniseed Overview and Investments November 2014 1

... – Betahistine has a long history of safe use in adults – It is proposed to complete preclinical studies and progress the drug into human clinical trials in OME. – Formulation development of a nasal spray completed – Phase 1a trial completed; Phase 1b trial to start ...
Article PDF - Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture
Article PDF - Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture

... hair, for example, whereas a different allele of the same gene may code for blond hair. If the brown allele dominates, the blond-hair gene will remain silent or unexpressed, and the result will be an individual with brown hair. Most genes, however, operate in concert with one or more completely diff ...
Part 1 – Genetics 101
Part 1 – Genetics 101

... chromosome 15, that is inherited from the father (or more rarely when there are two copies of the gene from the mother) Angelman Syndrome is caused by a microdeletion of the exact same region of chromosome 15, however, this mutation is inherited from the mother (or more rarely, when there are 2 copi ...
الشريحة 1
الشريحة 1

... ventricular remodeling. Recent evidence also suggests an important role in attenuating the systemic proinflammatory state and oxidative stress caused by aldosterone. Spironolactone also interacts with androgen and progesterone receptors, which may lead to gynecomastia and other sexual side effects; ...
1 = Butorphanol or Torbutrol/Torbugesic is a synthetic
1 = Butorphanol or Torbutrol/Torbugesic is a synthetic

... and a feeling of well-being. Stimulation of the κ-receptors by butorphanol results in analgesia and sedation, with only a slight effect on the cardiovascular system. The analgesia provided by this drug is thus characterized by fewer adverse reactions than other opioids. Its effect is immediate after ...
< 1 ... 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 ... 1254 >

Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report