• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
170KB - NZQA
170KB - NZQA

... contribute to variation within a population by referring to formation of new traits / proteins / phenotypes. ...
95KB - NZQA
95KB - NZQA

... genetics. However, we cannot determine whether they will be deaf at any stage in their life, as deafness can be workrelated and it depends on the job they have later in life. Genetics determines the characteristics you will be born with, but environment then affects these characteristics once you ar ...
pre-anesthetic agents - Dr. Roberta Dev Anand
pre-anesthetic agents - Dr. Roberta Dev Anand

... general anesthesia in which there is sufficient degree of analgesia(loss of sensitivity to pain) and muscle relaxation to allow surgery to be performed without patient pain or movement. ...
Renagel® Tablets (sevelamer hydrochloride)
Renagel® Tablets (sevelamer hydrochloride)

... When administering an oral medication where a reduction in the bioavailability of that medication would have a clinically significant effect on its safety or efficacy, the drug should be administered at least one hour before or three hours after Renagel, or the physician should consider monitoring b ...
5.563"
5.563"

... extension of an additional 15 weeks. In the double-blind phase, 157 men and women (aged 50-90 years) with memory complaints were randomly assigned to receive Vayacog® or placebo (three capsules a day)[13]. During the open-label extension, all participants consumed one capsule a day of Vayacog®. Cogn ...
ToxTidbits (March/April 2013)
ToxTidbits (March/April 2013)

... bronchoconstriction, pulmonary edema and cyanosis may develop. Other effects such as nausea, diaphoresis, weakness, fever, arthralgias and hypotension may be observed. Death results from respiratory failure and multisystem organ failure. Data is limited with the injection of ricin, but the following ...
Detailed non-confidential information about this
Detailed non-confidential information about this

... (EU / Japan), respectively, after marketing approval. In addition, there is data protection of 12 years (US – biological) and 10 years (EU/Japan), respectively. Therapeutic indication(s) ...
Mechanism of Action
Mechanism of Action

... tomographic scan of his brain and an electroencephalogram were normal. Treatment with 300 mg of phenytoin per day was subsequently begun and continued unsupervised for a period of two years. Examination revealed coarsening of facial features and severe gingival hyperplasia (Panel A), brisk deep-tend ...
REDUNDANCY OF GENOTYPES AS THE WAY FOR SOME
REDUNDANCY OF GENOTYPES AS THE WAY FOR SOME

... individual is preferred due to its “expressed” features, the destructive (but redundant) gene can “convey” itself on this individual for a long period. The partition of a genotype between the active genes and the redundant ones, is not fixed. As an effect of some processes (for example, a reorganiza ...
Novel Anti-platelet Agents and Anticoagulants
Novel Anti-platelet Agents and Anticoagulants

... measured by ex-vivo parameters such as prolongation of bleeding time, platelet function tests and platelet aggregometry. Similar variability of response is seen with clopidogrel with as many as 30% of patients not responding fully when measured by the same tests. Multiple mechanisms are likely to co ...
Lecture 2: Using Mutants to study Biological processes
Lecture 2: Using Mutants to study Biological processes

... Three Crl mutants were found. Do they represent mutations in three different genes or three alleles of the same gene? If the mutants are recessive to wild type and the phenotype segregate as a single nuclear gene then the question can be answered by a: ...
Intro to Punnett Squares
Intro to Punnett Squares

... pea plants. Using Punnett Squares, you can predict the genotypes and phenotypes of  the offspring of a cross between a homozygous (purebred) tall pea plant and a  homozygous (purebred) short pea plant.   In pea plants (which Gregor Mendel studied), tall pea plants are dominant over short  genotype   ...
Kenya travel information – US
Kenya travel information – US

... have a medical condition, you should also share your travel plans with any doctors you are currently seeing for other medical reasons. If your travel plans will take you to more than one country during a single trip, be sure to let your health-care provider know so that you can receive the appropria ...
INDOCIN (INDOMETHACIN) ORAL SUSPENSION Cardiovascular Risk
INDOCIN (INDOMETHACIN) ORAL SUSPENSION Cardiovascular Risk

... relief of pain, and reduction of fever, swelling and tenderness. Improvement in patients treated with INDOCIN for rheumatoid arthritis has been demonstrated by a reduction in joint swelling, average number of joints involved, and morning stiffness; by increased mobility as demonstrated by a decrease ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... domestic spoons are used by patients, prescribers ignore this diversity by reducing it to 3 sizes only. (5) Although pediatricians have a good knowledge of domestic spoon capacities, many GPs and most of the pharmacists overestimate them, leading to underdosage for adults, especially in cough prepar ...
Drug and alcohol addiction and its complex components
Drug and alcohol addiction and its complex components

... approximately 8.9 million individuals have a dual diagnosis14. Only 7.4% of these individuals receive treatment for both conditions and 55.8% receive no treatment for either7. There are certain populations that are more vulnerable to the development of co-occurring mental health and substance abuse ...
- Reproductive BioMedicine Online
- Reproductive BioMedicine Online

... groups (100–300 participants). Phase 3 trials are generally largescale, multiple-site randomized control trials (RCTs). These usually involve thousands of participants (Lipsky and Sharp, 2001). Additional (Phase 4) trials are often conducted. These examine the real-world effectiveness of a drug in a ...
Genes, brain, and behavior: Bridging disciplines
Genes, brain, and behavior: Bridging disciplines

... that each person carries a genome sequence that is approximately 0.1% different from that of any other human (available at www.cshl.snp.org). These differences in the sequence of a gene allow the different gene variants to be subclassified into alleles. An allele is one member of a pair or series of ...
mtxlabs - Emerson Statistics
mtxlabs - Emerson Statistics

... to the format described below. Data is available on randomization date, treatment assignment, and days until the patient stopped taking the study drug for any reason. Laboratory values include bilirubin, albumin, and PTINR measured at multiple times, which can be used to assess the severity of the d ...
Healthcare Professional Guide
Healthcare Professional Guide

... should be considered in patients who are vulnerable to hypotension. Dysphagia has also been reported with use of XENAZINE; some cases of dysphagia were associated with aspiration pneumonia. • QT prolongation–related arrhythmias have been reported with use of XENAZINE. XENAZINE should not be used in ...
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENT
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENT

... are at higher risk of fracture: – Cardiovascular: the risk of heart failure is increased when pioglitazone is combined with insulin and in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease. Patients who take pioglitazone should be closely monitored for signs of heart failure, and treatment should be ...
DRUG ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION AND ELIMINATION
DRUG ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION AND ELIMINATION

... but rather are fairly large, unionized or partially ionized, lipophilic molecules. The general goal of drug metabolism is to transform such compounds into more polar (i.e., more readily excretable) water soluble products. For example, were it not for biotransformation to more water-soluble products, ...
Atrial fibrillation Improving anticoagulation: update
Atrial fibrillation Improving anticoagulation: update

... drugs, such as antiplatelet agents, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or alcohol excess, etc. ...
Anti-Infective Agents
Anti-Infective Agents

... There is an association of TB and HIV infection. Along with the disturbing increase in the number of TB cases in conjunction with AIDS, there has been an emergence of drug resistant strains of TB. The cure rate is poor in this subset. ...
Shannon Looney – Schizophrenia and Bipolar
Shannon Looney – Schizophrenia and Bipolar

... potential genetic source for these diseases, and further similarities can be seen in studies on gene causation and expression. Jeremy Hall and colleagues2 performed a study linking the DAOA gene to hippocampal function in 61 adolescents at high risk for Schizophrenia (controlled by selection of indi ...
< 1 ... 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 ... 1254 >

Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report