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... administration, patient satisfaction scores are highest with IV-PCA B.M. Block, S.S. Liu, A.J. Rowlingson, A.R. Cowan, J.A. Cowan and C.L. Wu, Efficacy of postoperative epidural analgesia: a metaanalysis, JAMA 290 (2003): 2455–63. G.E. Larijani, I. Sharaf, D.P. Warshal, A. Marr, I. Gratz and M.E. Go ...
PRE-ANESTHETIC AGENTS
PRE-ANESTHETIC AGENTS

... area of the body produced by administration of a local anesthetic agent in proximity to the area of interest.  Topical anesthesia is the loss of sensation of a localized area produced by administration of a local anesthetic directly to a body surface or to a wound.  Regional anesthesia refers to a ...
Update on Depression and Antidepressants: Corcept
Update on Depression and Antidepressants: Corcept

... • 50-60% of depressed patients respond to any given antidepressant, and 80% to 95% respond to one or a combination of therapeutic interventions if multiple therapies are tried (Thase and Rush, Psychopharmacology: Fourth Generation of Progress, 1995). • Half of depressed patients will experience a re ...
Ethinylestradiol for the induction of delayed puberty
Ethinylestradiol for the induction of delayed puberty

... Provide patient with relevant drug information to enable understanding of potential side effects and appropriate action including risk of DVT. Provide patient with relevant drug information to enable understanding of the role of monitoring. Provide patient with monitoring booklet where appropriate. ...
Block Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithm in the Design of Ternary
Block Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithm in the Design of Ternary

... facilitates the process of combining low order schemata to higher order schemata of increased fitness. This provides a powerful algorithm for getting better solution in comparison with LLGA and its contemporary algorithms. This algorithm suits well in finding the discrete impulse response (sample va ...
set a smooth recovery in motion
set a smooth recovery in motion

... 2011;54(12):1552-1559. 6. Survey of patients’ experiences. Medicare.gov website. http://www.medicare.gov/HospitalCompare/Data/PatientSurvey/Overview.aspx. Accessed January 5, 2015. 7. Alam A, Gomes T, Zheng H, Mamdani MM, Juurlink DN, Bell CM. Long-term analgesic use after low-risk surgery: a retros ...
a study of prescription pattern of non steroidal anti
a study of prescription pattern of non steroidal anti

... short (five months) hence effect of seasonal variation on NSAID prescription pattern could not be determined. Study was conducted only in medicine department (due to rural set up, this department handles maximum patient load) and other clinical departments were not involved, hence true prevalence of ...
PSA Questions Adverse Drug Reactions Template
PSA Questions Adverse Drug Reactions Template

... Type C. This question type will require the candidate to consider a presentation where there are potential interactions between medicines currently being prescribed to a patient and identify those that might be clinically important. Examples might include interactions such as warfarin–statins, NSAID ...
8: Malignant disease and immunosuppression
8: Malignant disease and immunosuppression

... This handbook lists all the approved chemotherapy protocols, which contain details of prescribing issues, management of toxic effects and supportive care. When oral cytotoxic drugs are used for the treatment of malignant disease, the whole course will be dispensed by the hospital pharmacy. The presc ...
Triptans - Stort Physio
Triptans - Stort Physio

... Adelman A & Belsey J (2003) ‘Meta-analysis of Oral Triptan Therapy for Migraine: Number Needed to Treat and Relative Cost to Achieve Relief Within 2 Hours’ Journal of Managed Care Pharmacology (9)1: 45-52 ...
Side-effects of antituberculosis drug treatment in patients with chronic renal failure
Side-effects of antituberculosis drug treatment in patients with chronic renal failure

... 24 (46%) patients overall and nine of 16 (56%) dialysis patients. This resulted in a change in antituberculous medication in most cases and is in marked contrast with both the current authors9 experience and the published data in patients with normal renal function. Data over the past 4 yrs from the ...
Product Monograph Template - Standard
Product Monograph Template - Standard

... Adverse Drug Reaction Overview The most frequently reported Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in Phase 3 randomized controlled studies with ULORIC® 80 mg were: liver function abnormalities (4.6%), diarrhea (3.0%), rash (1.6%), nausea (1.3%), and dizziness (1.1%). The most frequently reported ADR in the ...
sandostatin lar ® depot
sandostatin lar ® depot

... Use of Sandostatin to manage persons with short bowel syndrome if daily intravenous fluid requirements are greater than 3 liters is not supported by literature. Sandostatin reduces fluid losses but also diminishes splanchnic protein synthesis, which can interfere with the process of adaptation. Sand ...
Stature in adolescent twins - UCSD Genetics Training Program
Stature in adolescent twins - UCSD Genetics Training Program

Urbanization as a risk factor for drug misuse
Urbanization as a risk factor for drug misuse

... much higher density of GPs and specialists than the national mean, there are considerable variations within the region itself, with the central area having up to four times as many GPs or psychiatrists as the outer suburbs. Although number of people receiving mental health care has been rising drama ...
Self-administration of psychoactive substances by the monkey
Self-administration of psychoactive substances by the monkey

... avoid the aversive effects of withdrawal, it develops only to substances which have a predominantly depressant action on the central nervous system, e.g., morphine and its derivatives, barbiturates and the pharmacologically related substances, alcohol and other hydrocarbons. Yet, many stimulants suc ...
Chapter 11 THC
Chapter 11 THC

... depression), one symptom of which is the use of cannabis. ...
Setor 11. Farmacologia Clínica, Farmacocinética
Setor 11. Farmacologia Clínica, Farmacocinética

... hypertension. Controversial results regarding the association of eNOS gene (NOS3) polymorphisms with hypertension have been reported. These inconsistencies may derive from consideration limited to only one rather than combinations of polymorphisms. We have studied the haplotypes formed by three gene ...
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION 
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION 

... The safety data described below, except where noted, are derived from a randomized (2:1), double-blind, placebocontrolled trial (Study 1) in which 500 patients (median age 61 years; 61% men) with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer received Stivarga as a single agent at the dose of 160 m ...
Observable Patterns of Inheritance Earlobe Variation Early Ideas
Observable Patterns of Inheritance Earlobe Variation Early Ideas

... • Effect of allele varies: – Bent fingers on both hands ...
Cosmeceuticals: myths and misconceptions
Cosmeceuticals: myths and misconceptions

... in this class are sold over-the-counter (OTC) and are regulated as cosmetics, not pharmaceuticals. The government does not recognize a separate “cosmeceutical” category. This fact affects the type of product testing done, the format and substantiation of claims, and the language used in promotion of ...
Sex Linked Genes
Sex Linked Genes

An update on nonsteroidal anti
An update on nonsteroidal anti

... A 2006 meta-analysis that compared the effects of different COX-2 inhibitors found that there was a significant increase in the incidence of serious vascular events with COX-2 inhibitors compared with placebo, and that it was primarily owing to an increased risk of MI.10 In this study, high-dose dic ...
Genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes in
Genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes in

... Biotransformation enzymes play a key role in the metabolism of ROS and many other toxic molecules.9 10 Cytochrome P450 enzymes often modify xenobiotics to highly reactive intermediates such as epoxides. These intermediates may bind to cellular components and may lead to tissue damage. Detoxification ...
Notes-Mendel and nonMendel genetics
Notes-Mendel and nonMendel genetics

... • product rule ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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